NSG 5003 – Advanced pathophysiology

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NSG 5003 – Advanced pathophysiology

Nephron
Functional unit of kidney, forms a filtrate of protein free plasma, regulates infiltrate, maintains body fluid volume, electrolyte composition, and pH.
Tubular reabsorbtion
retains substances that are needed by the body, movement of fluids and solutes from tubular lumen to peritubular capillary plasma. H2O, glucose, Na, K, and HCO3

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Tubular secretion

excretes chemicals not needed, transfer of substances from plasma of pertibular capillary to tubular lumen. H, urea, creatine, amino acids and some drugs. NSG 5003 – Advanced pathophysiology.
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
control of renal blood flow, glomerular filtration and renin secretion occur here.
Urea
End produce of protein metabolism
Glomerular Filtration
first step in urine production in which permeable substances from the blood are filtered at the endothelial capsular membrane and the filtrate enters the proximal convoluted tubule.
Glomerular Filtration
directly related to perfusion pressure in glomerular capillaries, provides best estimate of functioning renal tissue. NSG 5003 – Advanced pathophysiology.
Glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the glomerulus, clinical manifestations include gross hematuria with casts, proteinuria, edema, HTN
Pylelonephritis
kidney infection, infection of the ureter, renal pelvis or renal parenchyma. Clinical manifestations include flank pain, fever, chills, costovertebral tenderness, purelent urine. Associated with severe strep infections, WBC, bacteria, WBC casts present in urine, and flank pain. Most commonly caused by E. Coli infections and strep infections in peds.
Cystitis
inflammation of the bladder. Clinical manifestations include frequency, dysuria, urgency, lower abdominal or suprapubic pain. WBC’s and bacteria present in urine. NSG 5003 – Advanced pathophysiology.