NURS 6051C Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology Essay

Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology

Among the Resources in this module is the Rutherford (2008) article Standardized Nursing Language: What Does It Mean for Nursing Practice? In this article, the author recounts a visit to a local hospital to view the recent implementation of a new coding system.

During the visit, one of the nurses commented to her, “We document our care using standardized nursing languages but we don’t fully understand why we do” (Rutherford, 2008, para. 1).

How would you respond to a comment such as this one? NURS 6051C Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology Essay

To Prepare:

• Review the concepts of informatics as presented in the Resources, particularly Rutherford, M. (2008) Standardized Nursing Language: What Does It Mean for Nursing Practice?
• Reflect on the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.
• Consider how knowledge may be informed by data that is collected/accessed.

The Assignment:

In a 2- to 3-page paper, address the following:

• Explain how you would inform this nurse (and others) of the importance of standardized nursing terminologies.
• Describe the benefits and challenges of implementing standardized nursing terminologies in nursing practice. Be specific and provide examples.
• Be sure to support your paper with peer-reviewed research on standardized nursing terminologies that you consulted from the Walden Library. NURS 6051C Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology Essay

 

The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology

Introduction

In the time of evidence-based nursing care, nurses are needed to demonstrate that the care they provide is connected with optimal patient outcomes, along with high level of safety and quality. By using standardized nursing terminologies in the documentation of care, nurses can generate evidence connected to nursing practice. The purpose of this paper is to address how a nurse can inform other nurses on the importance of standardized nursing terminologies and to describe the benefits and challenges in implementing standardized nursing terminologies in nursing practice. NURS 6051C Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology Essay

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How I would inform this (nurse) and others on the importance of standardized nursing terminologies

I would inform this nurse and others that nursing has standardized language, entailing unique terminology that aids the efficient delivery of quality care. it is crucial that nurses understand standardized nursing terminology lists, as this comprehension can possibly draw the line that divides a healthcare organization that is efficient from an organization that is inefficient. The utilization of standardized nursing language for documenting care that nurses provide to patients is a crucial tool for the profession of nursing, nurses, and clients/patients (Huard & Monsen, 2017).   When SNTs are not utilized, nurses cannot communicate the concepts they utilize with each other, with consumers and with other providers in a consistent and clear manner. Additionally, with no SNTs, it is not possible to efficiently share electronic nursing data with other settings. NURS 6051C Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology Essay

Standardized nursing terminologies (SNTs) provide vital information about patients and the care they receive.   SNTs contribute to improved communication among the nursing staff and other providers which improves the care provided to patients with augmented visibility of nursing interventions and supports health information exchange as well.  This in addition assists to attain the objective of improving quality of care and patient satisfaction. The utilization of SNTs is fundamental for documenting nursing interventions and outcomes, nursing research and continuity of care (Huard & Monsen, 2017; Tastan et al, 2014).

The benefits and challenges in implementing standardized nursing terminologies in nursing practice

The implementation of SNTs in nursing practice can be beneficial in organizing patient care, care planning, generation of suitable interventions and generation of appropriated outcomes.  In this era, nurses are required to provide evidence-based care and demonstrate that the care they provide is connected with optimal patient outcomes, along with a high level of safety and quality. By using standardized nursing terminologies in the documentation of care, nurses can generate evidence connected to nursing practice (Strudwick & Hardiker, 2016). NURS 6051C Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology Essay

Utilization of SNTs can augment the visibility of nursing and produce the data required to show how nursing care influences patient implementation of SNTs improves the superiority of documented nursing diagnoses and interventions as well as patient outcomes (Huard & Monsen 2017).  For example, nursing intervention classification entails collaborative and independent interventions that a nurse performs or directs others to undertake, on behalf of patients. It involves treatments that a nurse carries out in all specialties and settings. NURS 6051C Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology Essay. Since every intervention possesses a coded number, the utilization of nursing intervention classification interventions enhances t electronic gathering of standardized nursing information to assess how effective interventions are.

Optimal communication among health care provides is essential for the safety of the patient and continuity of care.  Nurses are at the frontline in planning care and communicating crucial information. The utilization of SNTs in documenting care can lead to better care continuity by improving how nurses communicate with one another and with providers and capturing of additional nursing procedures to determine the costs of nursing, offer standards for improving care quality and permit collection of data which enables evaluation of patient outcomes (Adubi et al, 2018). For example, the nursing outcome classification lists the can understand the measures, definitions, and concepts that define patient outcomes affected by nursing interventions. A nurse can identify and measure how her nursing practice impacts patient outcomes when she chooses a nursing outcome classification outcome. NURS 6051C Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology Essay.

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The implementation of SNTs has several benefits to patients, nurses and the nursing profession. However, there are several challenges in implementing SNTs in nursing practice. A key barrier to the implementation of SNTs is the absence of hospital policy concerning the utilization of standardized nursing terminologies.  Another challenge to the adoption of SNTs in nursing practice is the nurses’ lack of know-how on standardized nursing language (Sani & Sani, 2017). The majority of nurses do not adequately understand what standardized nursing language really is, which impedes its use.  Additionally, decision-makers and nurse leaders find it to implement sets of standardized nursing terminology because of lack of comprehensible selection criteria along with directions for utilization (Tastan et al, 2014) NURS 6051C Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology Essay.

Conclusion

The utilization of standardized nursing terminologies in documenting nursing care is crucial to both nurses and the nursing profession. Utilizing standardized nursing terminologies has numerous essential and significant benefits. These benefits include optimal communication among nurses and other health care team members and improved visibility of nursing intervention and resulting in patient outcomes. NURS 6051C Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology Essay

 

References

Adubi, I., Olaogun, A., & Adejumo, P. (2018). Effects of standardized nursing language continuing education programme on nurses’ documentation of care at University College Hospital, Ibadan. Nursing Open, 5(1), 37-44. doi: 10.1002/nop2.108

Huard, R., & Monsen, K. (2017). Standardized Nursing Terminology Use in Electronic Health Records in Minnesota. Modern Clinical Medicine Research, 1(1), 13-19. doi: 10.22606/mcmr.2017.11003

Sani, A., & Sani, S.   (2017). Nurses Attitudes and Barriers toward Utilization of Standardized Nursing Language in Sokoto State, Nigeria.  Asian Journal of Medicine and Health, 2(2), 1-6.   doi:10.9734/AJMAH/2017/29433

Strudwick, G., & Hardiker, N. (2016). Understanding the use of standardized nursing terminology and classification systems in published research: A case study using the Internal Classification for Nursing Practice. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 94, 215-221. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2016.06.012.

Tastan, S., Linch, G., & Keenan, G et al. (2014). Evidence for the Existing American Nurses Association-Recognized Standardized Nursing Terminologies: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51(8), 1160-1170. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.12.004 NURS 6051C Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology Essay

Health care delivery system

Today, Health care delivery system has been increasingly expensive because of the shortage of health care professionals and costs of health care. Not only that, the costs of medical treatment been doubled with in ten years for each individual. The Affordable Care Act intends to resolve the health care problems in the United States and developing the resources to improve the health care delivery system (Abrams et al., 2015).Health care delivery system

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In this situation, The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act focus on health promotion and disease prevention for the people. The PPACA build the new models to deliver the care that would be essential to the patients and families in low costs. The PPACA plan is to lower the health costs with in ten years. “The major ways that these cost savings will be accomplished are promoting health and preventing disease, decreasing reliance on fee for service, providing cost-effective care, and using the electronic health record (EHR) across settings. Two of the delivery systems highlighted in PPACA are the “Patient Centered Medical Home” (PCMH) and the “Accountable Care Organization” (ACO)” (Hass, 2011). The PPACA established to deliver the care in health system by involving interdisciplinary care team because they can work together to provide most cost effective care and coordinate each other to achieve better outcomes. For example, Electronic health record information is available to entire health care team to share the information and evaluate the care if action needs to be taken. The interdisciplinary care team can monitor the patients if their chronic health problems need to be managed by educating or counseling them. The entire team members can document their notes and it will be easier to access their documentation to the rest of the team who is involved in patient’s care. Not only that, the results would be also available in timely manner to evaluate as well as it reduces the error on documentation. The EHR is reliable tools to use today and it is a great way to deliver the care to the patients to achieve better outcomes. Health care delivery system

Health insurance: healthcare and abortion

Respond to the following on health insurance, healthcare and abortion…

States have been cutting insurance for women to access reproductive health services. This particularly affects low-income families with the overall lack of access to quality reproductive health care. The lack of proper health insurance for women impedes on their reproductive rights as they should be given an opportunity to make their own reproductive choices when it comes to the use of contraceptives and abortions. Health insurance: healthcare and abortion

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This scenario is not different in the state of Florida. As of April 2017, the state only covers abortion under the Affordable Care Act if the woman in question has been raped, is in danger, or if it is an incest case. An abortion may so be performed from week 24 of the woman last menstrual period, but only if the woman’s life is endangered (Jones & Jerman, 2017). Looking at the state’s infant and maternal mortality rates, one can make the connection between bad policies and the consequences. 160 resident pregnancy-associated deaths were recorded in the state January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2015 (Jones & Jerman, 2017). With a pregnancy-related mortality ratio 16.9 per 100,000 live births, it is not hard to associate lack of good reproductive health policies as a major cause attributed to these rates. Of the deaths, approximately 31.6% were non-Hispanic Black women with Hispanic women accounting for 10.5%. It is illustrative of the lack of proper reproductive health insurance. Health insurance: healthcare and abortion

As an advanced practice nurse and nursing leader, it is the individual’s responsibility to advocate for changes in such policies to ensure better health outcomes for women. Essential VII: Interprofessional Collaboration for Improving Patient and Population Health Outcomes adequately prepares nurses to collaborate, communicate, and consult with other interprofessional groups in order to manage and coordinate care (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2014). Women reproductive health is highly important and as a nurse, one is required to play a leading role to ensure better policies are put in place to insure women requiring reproductive health not only in the state of Florida but all over the country.

References

Jones, R. K., & Jerman, J. (2017). Abortion incidence and service availability in the United States, 2014. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 49(1), 17-27.

American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2014). The essentials of master’s education in nursing. March 21, 2011. Health insurance: healthcare and abortion

 

ADN and BSN nurses

Discuss current research that links patient safety outcomes to ADN and BSN nurses. Based on some real-life experiences, do you agree or disagree with this research?

A study done in 2011 by Aiken and colleagues revealed that increasing the number of the registered nurses in hospitals is not only the solution to reducing patients’ mortality rate, but rather increasing number of nurses who have a higher educational, and a positive work environment, positively decrease the mortality rate in the hospitals (Cherry & Jacob, 2017). It interesting to know that every 10% increase in number of BSN nurses, decreases the mortality rate to 4% (Cherry & Jacob, 2017) even though 4% seems small, but it is still a great impact to life-saving effort. ADN and BSN nurses

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There is no doubt that knowledge is the key, just like we all are getting our bachelors in nursing, there is a huge difference in the knowledge acquired. I personally have grown in confidence and knowledge through the course of this study and I am excited to be a better nurse clinically and in the community.

Recently, hospital position openings are BSN preferred, based on the reports like that of Institute of Medicine which support that nurses who are BSN possess the skills and knowledge needed to produce a better or positive patient outcome (Sherman, 2012). Last year, I attended a job-fair organized my Methodist hospital, and it was an instant offer for the positions available, everyone was qualified except me because I didn’t have a BSN, so that was my instant driving force to enroll in BSN program. ADN and BSN nurses

Based on my experience, I have worked with nurses who have years of work experiences without BSN and Nurses who have BSN but no experience. I personally think that having years’ experience is a big plus in terms of practical nursing. For example, an LPNs/LVNs took me on floor orientation in Nursing home after I was hired, even though she is an LVN, there are things she taught me that I didn’t know as an RN, obviously because she has years of experience, but not a higher education. I strongly believe also that having a higher education in nursing, prepares nurses to assume leadership roles, and exposes nurses to skills and knowledge needed to deliver a high-quality nursing care.

I agree with the aspect of BSN being prepared to assume leadership roles, but I do not believe that ADN nurses contribute to higher mortality role, because all nurses are exposed to the same clinical training in the hospitals. I believe that having a positive work environment, increasing the number of nurses, and a better communication with other health care teams improve a better patient outcome.

If I am in a hiring position, I would refer to hire a registered nurse with ADN who have years of experience over a BSN nurse who has no experience based on the type of position available, leadership positions would go for BSN, while floor position goes to ADN with a higher years of work experience.

References

Cherry, B. & Jacob. S. (2017) Contemporary nursing, issues, trends, & management. St. Louis: Elsevier. Six editions. Retrieved from https://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books/978-0-323-101097/cfi/6/8!/4/2/14/4@0:10

Sherman. R (2012) An 80% BSN Prepared Nursing Workforce by 2020? Emerging RN Leader. Retrieved on September 18th. From http://www.emergingrnleader.com/80bsnworkforce2020/

ADN and BSN nurses

 

Nurs 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

New technology—and the application of existing technology—only appears in healthcare settings after careful and significant research. The stakes are high, and new clinical systems need to offer evidence of positive impact on outcomes or efficiencies.

Nurse informaticists and healthcare leaders formulate clinical system strategies. As these strategies are often based on technology trends, informaticists and others have then benefited from consulting existing research to inform their thinking. Nurs 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies.

In this Assignment, you will review existing research focused on the application of clinical systems. After reviewing, you will summarize your findings.

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and reflect on the impact of clinical systems on outcomes and efficiencies within the context of nursing practice and healthcare delivery.
• Conduct a search for recent (within the last 5 years) research focused on the application of clinical systems. The research should provide evidence to support the use of one type of clinical system to improve outcomes and/or efficiencies, such as “the use of personal health records or portals to support patients newly diagnosed with diabetes.” Nurs 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies.
• Identify and select 5 peer-reviewed articles from your research.

The Assignment: (4-5 pages)

In a 4- to 5-page paper, synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed. Be sure to address the following:

• Identify the 5 peer-reviewed articles you reviewed, citing each in APA format.
• Summarize each study, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described. Be specific and provide examples. Nurs 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

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Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

Introduction

Proper clinical systems play an important role in revitalizing the healthcare delivery system worldwide. All primary healthcare professionals need to come together to establish and implement the target clinical systems. The use of evidence-based practices, health information technology and developing clinical systems have been shown to improve patient outcomes and efficiencies. Clinical systems can be used to improve healthcare processes, identify patients at risk, improve efficiency, and advance research in order to improve patient outcomes. Electronic healthcare records (EHR) have been selected as the clinical system. accordingly, this paper will critique five research articles on the application of electronic healthcare records to improve outcomes and efficiencies. Nurs 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

Summary 1

Bowles, K. H., Dykes, P., & Demiris, G. (2015). The use of health information technology to improve care and outcomes for older adults. Research in gerontological nursing, 8(1), 5–10.  doi: 10.3928/19404921-20121222-01.

According to Bowles, Dykes and Demiris, (2015), EHR are vital in improving documentation and billing in the delivery of healthcare. Healthcare organizations implement EHR to improve quality, safety, and efficiency of care. In regard to improving outcomes, Bowles et al (2015), explains that effective application of EHR can improve care outcomes. For instance, the use of EHR systems has been shown to improve documentation of pressure ulcer and fall risk assessments.  Improved documentation using EHR led to a 13% drop in the rates of nosocomial pressure ulcers. These findings clearly indicate the impact of EHR to improve outcomes. Nurs 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies.

The study also highlights the key element of documentation and organization, which are very important in the efficient operations of daily processes with healthcare organizations. The study findings indicate that implementation of EHR led to improved teamwork, collaboration and supportive leadership which led to sustained improvement in safety and quality outcomes (Bowles et al., 2015). Bowles et al (2015), further indicate that the use of EHR supported the integration of clinical decisions for personalized treatment plans into the workflow, improving the efficiency of the workflow.

From this article, we learn that EHR can be used to improve assessment of adverse events such as documentation of pressure ulcer and fall risk assessments. For example, organizations should ensure all patient data is stored electronically in order to facilitate easy assessment for patients at risk of adverse events.

Summary 2

Kruse, C. S., Stein, A., Thomas, H., & Kaur, H. (2018). The use of Electronic Health Records to Support Population Health: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Journal of medical systems, 42(11), 214. doi: 10.1007/s10916-018-1075-6. Nurs 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

According to Kruse, Stein, Thomas and Kaur (2018), EHRs are among the clinical systems that improve the quality of care and efficiency of healthcare.  Regarding outcomes, this study found out that implementation of EHRs led to improved delivery and integration of the recommended preventative care into care practices, leading to improved care outcomes. In addition, according to Kruse et al (2018), implementation of EHRs in the ICU significantly lower central line-associated bloodstream infections and mortality rates within the surgical ICU. Nurs 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies.

EHRs facilitate the provision of patient-centered care and more coordinated care improving efficiency. EHRs also facilitate the provision of secure access to patients’ information which leads to better outcomes in regard to the quality of care and productivity (Kruse et al., 2018). EHR systems are applied in the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes and regular utilization of the EHRs can decrease data fragmentation and hence improve continuity of care between healthcare professions if healthcare providers engage in health information exchanges. In addition, EHRS within the emergency department improves the decision-making process when utilizing a decision tree and hence improves the quality of life for the patients and is also cost-effective (Kruse et al., 2018) Nurs 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies.

From this article, it is evident EHRs facilitate safe continuity of care. For example, with EHRs, human errors likely to occur during handover using manual paper are eliminated.

Summary 3

Manca D. P. (2015). Do electronic medical records improve quality of care? Yes. Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien, 61(10), 846–851. doi: 10.14236/jhi. v18i1.751

Manca (2015) explains various ways that EHRs improve outcomes and efficiency. According to Manca (2015), EHRs improve the management of chronic disease, and screening and prevention of disease, which leads to improved quality of care and outcomes. EHRs can provide treatment goals and notifications to remind healthcare providers when specific preventative and screening planned activities are due or outdated. The EHRs also facilitates access to important information and resources necessary to handle various health conditions which leads to better outcomes (Manca, 2015) Nurs 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies.

The structured EHRs data provide access to point-of-care information which can be utilized in informing practice and conducting research. With meaningful use, the EHR data provides healthcare providers with vital practice-level information that can be utilized for practice-level interventions like identification of patients who missed screening for specific diseases. Such data provides important feedback to the healthcare providers regarding the quality of care (Manca, 2015). Manca (2015) also explains that the use of point-of-care EHR data can provide important information regarding the efficacy of specific medications and other treatment modalities. Nurs 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies.

It is therefore evident that EHRs improve disease outcomes. For instance, screening of patients with hypertension using an EHR intervention facilitates provision of the appropriate/specific lifestyle modification education to the target group and hence improves disease outcome, for example reduces blood pressure for the patients.

Summary 4

Selvaraj S, Fonarow G, Sheng S, Matsouaka R, DeVore A, Heidenreich A, Hernandez A, Yancy W & Bhatt D. (2018).  Association of Electronic Health Record Use with Quality of Care and Outcomes in Heart Failure: An Analysis of Get with the Guidelines—Heart Failure. Journal of the American Heart Association, 7(7), pii: e008158. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.008158. Nurs 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

Selvaraj, Fonarow, Sheng, Matsouaka, DeVore, Heidenreich, Hernandez, Yancy and Bhatt (2018) provide that implementation of the EHRs leads to improved coordination of care and thus improves efficiency during care provision. Similarly, EHRs have been demonstrated to be effective in decreasing medical errors and hence improve the quality of care and outcomes. However, the findings of this study indicate that the use of EHRs was not attributable to improved quality of care and did not have a significant impact on heart failure-related outcomes (Selvaraj et al., 2018).

From this article, it is evident that use of EHRs alone may not be sufficient in improving heart failure-related outcomes. Therefore, other interventions such as monitoring patient adherence to treatment and patient education should be integrated in patients’ treatment plan.

Summary 5

Campanella P, Lovato E, Marone C, Fallacara L & Mancuso A. (2015). The impact of electronic health records on healthcare quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Public Health, 1(5), 60-4. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv122

Campanella, Lovato, Marone, Fallacara and Mancuso (2015) explore the impact of EHRs on the quality of care. The study explains that the EHR leads to reduced medical errors and thus improves the quality of care and health outcomes. In addition, EHR has been shown to improve time inefficiency and also reduces healthcare costs and thus EHR has led to improved efficiency. Campanella et al (2015) further explain that EHR has been an effective method to reduce healthcare costs and thus improve the quality of care and reduce harm to patients. The availability of the stored computerized enables computerized quality assessment and automated chart review, which is cost-effective and also a time-saving process. Evidence indicates that EHR systems improve the quality of care and outcomes by improving time efficiency and decreasing medication errors (Campanella et al., 2015). Therefore, the implementation of EHR systems significantly improves health outcomes and efficiencies of healthcare processes.

The article demonstrates that by use of EHRs, medical errors and the consequent adverse events can be avoided. For example, EHR technologies can assist in preventing medication errors by flagging possible adverse reactions and/or drug interactions. Nurs 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies.

Conclusion

Clinical systems such as EHR systems have been shown to improve outcomes, efficiency, and effectiveness in health care. All the selected studies indicated that EHRs improve outcomes by reducing the rate of medical errors, improve documentation, and facilitating the provision of coordinated care: this significantly contributes to improved outcomes. On the other hand, EHRs improve efficiency by promoting teamwork and collaboration among healthcare providers which improves the efficiency of care. In addition, EHR systems save time and reduce costs further indicating the efficiency of EHRs in the healthcare system. Nurs 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies.

 

References

Bowles, K. H., Dykes, P., & Demiris, G. (2015). The use of health information technology to improve care and outcomes for older adults. Research in gerontological nursing, 8(1), 5–10.  doi: 10.3928/19404921-20121222-01.

Campanella P, Lovato E, Marone C, Fallacara L & Mancuso A. (2015). The impact of electronic health records on healthcare quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Public Health, 1(5), 60-4. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv122 Nurs 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies.

Kruse, C. S., Stein, A., Thomas, H., & Kaur, H. (2018). The use of Electronic Health Records to Support Population Health: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Journal of medical systems, 42(11), 214. doi: 10.1007/s10916-018-1075-6.

Manca D. P. (2015). Do electronic medical records improve quality of care? Yes. Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien, 61(10), 846–851. doi: 10.14236/jhi. v18i1.751.

Selvaraj S, Fonarow G, Sheng S, Matsouaka R, DeVore A, Heidenreich A, Hernandez A, Yancy W & Bhatt D. (2018).  Association of Electronic Health Record Use with Quality of Care and Outcomes in Heart Failure: An Analysis of Get with the Guidelines—Heart Failure. Journal of the American Heart Association, 7(7), pii: e008158. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.008158. Nurs 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies.