Cardiovascular Disorders Pharmacotherapy Essay Example

Assignment: Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders

Write a 2-page paper that addresses the following:
The Case Study for this week is the following:

Patient AO has a history of obesity and has recently gained 9 pounds. The patient has been diagnosed with hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Drugs currently prescribed include the following:

1. Atenolol 12.5 mg daily
2. Doxazosin 8 mg daily
3. Hydralazine 10 mg qid
4. Sertraline 25 mg daily
5. Simvastatin 80 mg daily

Explain how the factor you selected might influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the patient from the case study you were assigned.

Describe how changes in the processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy. Be specific and provide examples.

Explain how you might improve the patient’s drug therapy plan and explain why you would make these recommended improvements. Cardiovascular Disorders Pharmacotherapy Essay Example.

Resources:

Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.-a). Code of federal regulations. Retrieved February 1, 2019, from https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/cfr/1300/1300_01.htm

Fowler, M. D. M., & American Nurses Association. (2015). Guide to the Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements: Development, Interpretation, and Application (2nd ed.). Silver Spring, Maryland: American Nurses Association.

Ladd, E., & Hoyt, A. (2016). Shedding light on nurse practitioner prescribing. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 12(3), 166–173. doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2015.09.17

Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

JNC 8 Guidelines for the treatment of hypertension in adults Cardiovascular Disorders Pharmacotherapy Essay Example

ACC/AHA national cholesterol treatment guidelines

Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia in Obesity: A Case Study on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy

Age is one factor that significantly affects the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of medications that are routinely used to treat and manage cardiovascular conditions. For patient AO who has obesity and has been diagnosed with hypertension and hyperlipidemia, the PK and PD of the drugs he has been put on will be affected to a large extent by his age (Katzung, 2018; Rosenthal & Burchum, 2018). It is known that with growing age, the first pass metabolism by the cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in the liver becomes less effective. This is because of the deterioration of the liver with age. Cardiovascular Disorders Pharmacotherapy Essay Example. As a result, the oral drugs that are metabolised in the liver to inactive metabolites through this pathway accumulate in the body after administration because of the delay in metabolising them (Hammer & McPhee, 2018; Huether & McCance, 2017). Hydralazine is one such drug that might suffer this fate and which patient AO is taking. The other way that age affects the PK and PD of cardiovascular medications is through the fact that renal function declines with age. As a result, excretion of drugs through the renal route is compromised in older subjects and the drug and its metabolites can accumulate in the body to dangerous levels. Both atenolol and hydralazine are affected by this scenario (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2018). In older patients, absorption of substances from the gastrointestinal tract also becomes less efficacious Cardiovascular Disorders Pharmacotherapy Essay Example. This includes oral medications. As a result, drugs taken orally, as is the case with patient AO, may not be optimally absorbed. This leads to lower plasma concentrations that may not reach therapeutic levels (Katzung, 2018; Rosenthal & Burchum, 2018).

Older patients have also been known to possess less lean body mass. This mass decreases as one ages. Unfortunately, the distribution of several drugs is dependent on lean body mass. As such, these drugs will not reach all the areas they are supposed to reach because of the age-related deficiency in lean body mass. Their effectiveness is therefore compromised in such older patients (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2018; Katzung, 2018). Lastly but not least, because of these shortcomings, the pharmacodynamics of many of these medications will be affected in that their actions will be prolonged due to accumulation in the blood and body tissues (Katzung, 2018) Cardiovascular Disorders Pharmacotherapy Essay Example.

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How these Changes Might Affect the Patient’s Recommended Drug Therapy

Apart from the importance of lifestyle changes that patient AO must effect to mitigate the effects of obesity and hyperlipidemia (Rubenfire, 2018), the changes in PK and PD will necessitate alterations in the dosages of the respective drugs (Armstrong, 2014). For instance, sertraline is known to predispose elderly patients to the risk of falls under normal circumstances (Katzung, 2018). In an older patient with much more prominent of these deteriorative changes, the effect of sertraline may be magnified. Because of this, the dose will need to be reduced in older patients (Armstrong, 2014). Again because of the reduction in renal function, the dosages of both atenolol and hydralazine may also need to be reduced in older patients. This is because they and their metabolites accumulate in the bodies of older patients because of reduced renal excretion (Huether & McCance, 2017; Hammer & McPhee, 2018). Luckily, doxazosin is beneficial in both hypertension and lipid control in older patients. Therefore, its dose may be left as it is. As for simvastatin, it also appears to be stable at the usual dosages (Katzung, 2018; Rosenthal & Burchum, 2018). Cardiovascular Disorders Pharmacotherapy Essay Example

How to Improve the Patient’s Drug Regime

The most important step to achieve this is to reduce the dosages of the drugs whose PK and PD are adversely affected by age as discussed above. This is in line with the bioethical principle of beneficence. That is doing the most good to the patient as opposed to causing them harm by leaving the dosages as they are (Fowler & ANA, 2015).  The reason is to enhance the therapeutic value of the cardiovascular drugs and reduce adverse effects.

References

Armstrong, C. (2014). JNC 8 guidelines for the management of hypertension in adults. American Family Physician, 90(7):503-504. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/1001/p503.html

Fowler, M.D.M., & American Nurses Association. (2015). Guide to the Code of Ethics for Nurses with interpretive statements: Development, interpretation, and application, 2^nd ed. Silver Spring, MD: American Nurses Association.

Hammer, D.G., & McPhee, S.J. (Eds). (2018). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine, 8^th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. Cardiovascular Disorders Pharmacotherapy Essay Example

Huether, S.E. & McCance, K.L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology, 6^th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier, Inc.

Katzung, B.G. (Ed) (2018). Basic and clinical pharmacology, 14^th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

Rosenthal, L.D., & Burchum, J.R. (2018). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

Rubenfire, M. (2018). 2018 AHA/ACC Multi-society guideline on the management of blood cholesterol. American College of Cardiology. Retrieved 9 March 2020 from https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2018/11/09/14/28/2018-guideline-on-management-of-blood-cholesterol  Cardiovascular Disorders Pharmacotherapy Essay Example

Spirituality Reflective Writing – NURS 323 Pathophysiology

Select a body system and identify one disease process that fascinates you most as a creation of God. Answer the following questions relating to the disease process.
1. What aspects of normal anatomy is interesting to you and why?
2. What factors have caused the damage to the normal anatomy and physiology?
3. How can we restore the healing process?
4. What is the role of prayer, influence of religion and culture relating to this disease process?
5. Conclusion with a call to action or something meanYou have been assigned required readings on spirituality in your course. You may choose one or more chapters from each assigned book to read. You will then write a reflection paper regarding your thoughts, meaningful ideas, feelings, and/or reactions, and the application of these to nursing practice or your own spiritual growth and self-care. Spirituality Reflective Writing – NURS 323 Pathophysiology

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1. Paper is typed in at least 2-3 pages, double spaced and turned in on time via D2L or email to your professor, with coversheet title page in APA format; thoughtful, suitable title 10 Points
2. Introductory paragraph is attention-getting
10 Points
3. Spelling, grammar, mechanics, and usage are correct throughout paper 10 Points
4. Answers all questions and thoughts are expressed in a coherent and logical manner. 20 Points
5. Viewpoints and interpretations are insightful, demonstrating an in-depth knowledge, and understanding of the disease process and reflecting the role of prayer, region and culture influence on healing on the disease process. . 20 Points
6. Concluding paragraph sums up information, reiterates ideas and opinions, and leaves reader with a call to action or something meaningful to remember 10 Points
7. Pertinent reference sources are skillfully woven throughout paper without over use of quotations but, rather, attempt to paraphrase 10 Points
8. References are properly cited in APA format with no plagiarism. 5 Points
9. At least 3 references are cited in paper, including a reference from current class assigned chapter readings in Mauk, a reading in an assigned chapter in White, Anatomy & Physiology, and pathophysiology text and one journal article of your own choice. 5 Points Spirituality Reflective Writing – NURS 323 Pathophysiology
Total 100 Possible Points Actual Points =
References:
Mauk, K. L., & Schmidt, N. K. (2004). Spiritual care in nursing practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott.
White, E. G. (2011). The Ministry of healing. Guildford, UK: White Crow Books.
Journal article:
APA format reference that you may use for free:
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

It is recommended that you upload your paper into Turnitin on D2L to check for plagiarism prior to submission to your professor. Also, to check for correct grammar, use the Grammar.

ingful to remember

PLEASE DO INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING
1. Readings in E.G. White, The Ministry of Healing
Chapt 5 Healing of the Soul
Chapt 16 Prayer for the Sick

2.Readings in Mauk and Schmidt, Spiritual Care in Nursing Practice: Chapter 4 Introduction to Influences of Religion and Culture on Nursing
3. Any other reference of your choice Spirituality Reflective Writing – NURS 323 Pathophysiology

Spirituality and the Nexus Between Religion and Nursing Practice

The aspect of normal anatomy that is interesting to me involves the normal functioning of the human brain. The brain of the human person is a fascinating creation or evolution (depending on one’s belief). It is in that organ that all other functions and processes of the human body are controlled. Thought itself and the conceptualisation of good and bad reside in the brain. Furthermore, the concept of spirituality is resident in the mind, which itself has a complex interconnectedness with the brain. That the brain is made of millions of neurons is what interests me most. This is because the neurons are not even a continuous strand or fibre of organic material. Rather, each of them is an independent cell that is not directly connected to the next. A gap exists between two adjacent neurons, and it is through this gap that impulses are passed from one neuron to another using chemical carriers known as neurotransmitters. Spirituality Reflective Writing – NURS 323 Pathophysiology. Some of these are acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin. When disease strikes, most of the times it normally targets the neurotransmitters to disrupt proper functioning of the brain. Symptoms then manifest as mental disease.

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The factors that then cause damage to the normal anatomy and physiology of the brain are factors that disrupt the transmission of impulses, or interfere with the integrity of the neurons. An example of a disease condition that results from the former is the psychosis known as schizophrenia, while for the latter the example is the demyelinating condition multiple sclerosis. Another factor that can also cause damage to the normal anatomy and physiology of the brain is a physical or physiological accident. A physical accident is like a fall or a motor vehicle accident, while a physiological accident is like a stroke (bursting of a blood vessel in the brain).

How We Can Restore the Healing Process

Restoration of the healing process from a holistic nursing perspective will involve both physical therapies and spiritual nourishment. In other words, healing will not be directed only at the physical element which is the brain. Rather, it will be directed at the whole person’s mind, body, and spirit. This is where spirituality and the nexus between it and nursing come in. According to Mauk and Schmidt (2004), health and spirituality have had a close connection for a long time. In fact, the basis of traditional medicine especially in the Orient has been spirituality coupled with the usual physical factors Spirituality Reflective Writing – NURS 323 Pathophysiology. In conventional medical practice, nurses have always been concerned with the spirituality of their patients, particularly those that they know will not live for long as they suffer from terminal illness (Hussey, 2009). As such, holistic nursing is also important in restoring the healing process.

Role of Prayer, Influence of Religion and Culture in Illness

            Religion teaches that most of the human afflictions are a result of sinning and a person brings them to themselves. As such, spirituality has it that prayer can undo this and restore health. Spirituality and religion also dictate that God will heal without discriminating against those that have sinned and fallen ill. A good example is the paralytic at Capernaum who was healed by Jesus, even though he had fallen sick because of his own transgressions (White, 2011). Culturally, most of us have been brought up to believe strongly that despite tangible physical cures (conventional medicine), spirituality still plays an important part in the healing process. That is why nurses have to adopt a holistic attitude to patient care. Spirituality Reflective Writing – NURS 323 Pathophysiology

In conclusion, we need to appreciate that the normal functioning of the human body is prone to disruption by illness. The treatment of this illness however depends on both physical measures and spiritual intervention. As nurses, we should therefore always care for our patients holistically by including religious and cultural aspects of therapy and healing.

References

Hussey, T. (2009). Nursing and spirituality. Nursing Philosophy, 10(2), 71–80. Doi:10.1111/j.1466-769x.2008.00387.x

Mauk, K.L., & Schmidt, N.K. (2004). Spiritual care in nursing practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott.

White, E.G. (2011). The ministry of healing. Guildford, UK: White Crow Books. Spirituality Reflective Writing – NURS 323 Pathophysiology

NR 351 Week 1 Discussion: Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies

Now that you have examined the Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies©, why do you think these competencies were selected? Which two of the 10 competencies will be most important to your future nursing practice, and why?

Week 1: Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies

According to the Massachusetts Department of Higher Education there are ten core competencies known as the Nurse of the Future: Nursing Core Competencies that are crucial for professional nursing practice. The identified competencies are patient-centered care, professionalism, leadership, systems-based practice, information and technology, communication, teamwork and collaboration, safety, quality improvement, and evidence-based practice (Hood, L.J., 2014, p. 7-8). Not only in professional nursing but for student nursing as well, core competencies are essential knowledge, capabilities, and skills that allow nurses to provide safe, effective care to patients (Hood, L.J., 2014, p. 6).

Core competencies are important to provide a guide for all nurses, starting from the beginning of their education and throughout their career. Nursing is a profession where you continue to learn, evidence-based knowledge and sensitivity to variables such as age, gender, culture, health differences, socioeconomic standing, race and spirituality are essential for caring for diverse populations and this global society (Massachusetts Department of Higher Education, 2016, p. 4). I believe these ten core competencies were chosen because it has been shown over time how important each one is to a student nurse, a new-graduate nurse, and even a nurse that has been practicing for many years. NR 351 Week 1 Discussion: Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies

Of the ten core competencies’, the two that I believe to be the most important are communication and patient-centered care. The Nurse of the Future: Nursing Core Competencies states that communication is interacting effectively with patients, families, and colleagues, developing mutual respect and shared decision making, to enhance patient satisfaction and health outcomes (Massachusetts Department of Higher Education, 2016, p.32). In my career as a pediatric nurse communication is one of the more important core competencies that I use and will continue to use in my future nursing practices. Working with children means communicating in different ways. When communicating with children you use pictures to describe pain, point to areas on the body to identify the problem region, going down to eye level, and explaining details in words that they would understand. In pediatrics not only do you have to communicate with the children but their parents as well. Communicating with parents and helping them understand will put children as ease if they see that their parents aren’t in distress.

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Patient-centered care is also another tremendously important core competency for my future nursing practice, which is defined as providing compassionate, coordinated, age and culturally appropriate, safe and effective care (Massachusetts Department of Higher Education, 2016, p. 10). Again, as a pediatric nurse it is important to practice patient-centered care. In pediatrics you see children of all ages, ranging from newborns to college age children and knowing how to effectively care for children is extremely important. When working with the younger ages you have to consider all of the medical equipment looking intimidating. NR 351 Week 1 Discussion: Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies. Equipment such as a blood pressure cuff are often explained to children as a machine to measure muscles or just simply giving your arm a hug, a stethoscope is often related to listening to your heart like doc mcstuffins does. At times you even have to care for a child’s beloved stuffed animal to show everyone goes to the doctor. As children get older simply explaining tasks or discussing things you mat have in common. Both of these core competencies are important to me because communication creates clear pathways for patient care and patient-centered care shows that everyone is an individual and requires care focused to that specific person.

Hood, L. J. (2014). Leddy & Pepper’s conceptual bases of professional nursing (8th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Massachusetts Department of Higher Education Nursing Initiative. (2016). Massachusetts Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies© Registered Nurse. Retrieved from http://www.mass.edu/nahi/documents/NOFRNCompetencies_updated_March2016.pdf

These are two of the articles/ sources; they were also the assigned readings. NR 351 Week 1 Discussion: Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies

• Massachusetts Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies©: pp. 1-9. (Go to the Webliography to find a link to this file.)

http://www.mass.edu/nahi/documents/NOFRNCompetencies_updated_March2016.pdf

another source;

• AACN Essentials of Baccalaureate Education: pp. 3-4, 10-13. (Go to the Webliography to find a link to this file.)

http://www.aacnnursing.org/Education-Resources/AACN-Essentials

• for the last source we need any scholarly source which will also be cited in APA 7 format.

Here are also addition instructions  to include in the discussion,

• Share your experiences and opinions (clinical and nonclinical) as they relate to the discussions.
• Address each component (part) of the discussion question. Some questions will have more than one component.
• Support your comments each week with references to the weekly Lesson or assigned readings and at least one scholarly resource. A scholarly resource is defined as peer-reviewed publications, government reports, or sources written by a professional scholar in the field. Remember that Wikipedia, Wikis, .com websites or blogs should notbe used as anyone can add to these. For the discussions, reputable Internet sources such as websites by government agencies (URL ends in .gov) and respected organizations (often ends in .org) can be counted as scholarly sources. Outside sources do not include assigned required readings.
• Show up for class, and log on several times during the week.
• Read as many posts as you can. We learn from each other.
• Use the ratings column on the grading rubric that provides the most points in each criterion as a guide and/or checklist for your posts.
• Write in a scholarly manner. This includes spelling, grammar, punctuation, and proper APA format. You can review the APA Scholarly Writing documents located in Course Resources.
• Observe netiquette rules.

Please do not be offended if your instructor

• asks you for clarification on a point you have made;
• asks you to relate your post to course content or weekly learning outcomes;
• introduces new questions and topics as the week evolves; and
• asks you to credit resources (lesson orassigned readings and a scholarly source) that support your opinions and experiences (Integrates Evidence).

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Self-Check

When constructing your weekly posts, be sure to ask yourself each of the questions listed here.

• Did I adequately cover all of initial question components and the weekly concepts in my answers?
• Did I support my answers with what I learned from the assigned reading OR online lesson AND a professional source? Did I credit these sources beside the ideas they represent and in a reference section?
• Did I engage with my peers/instructor in a respectful way and contribute much depth to the discussion? NR 351 Week 1 Discussion: Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies

Here are additional questions to consider:

• Were my posts well organized, clear, and with minimal errors in English grammar, spelling, syntax, and/or punctuation?
• Did I answer the original question(s) by Wednesday night?
• Did I post at least three times on at least two different days?

If you are able to answer each of them with a yes, congratulations you have likely met all of the criteria and can feel confident about posting your response in the discussion.

This is a graded discussion: 50 points possible

due

Week 1 Discussion: Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies© (Graded)

No unread replies.11 reply.

Purpose

This week’s graded discussion topic relates to the following Course Outcomes (COs).

• CO2: Demonstrate leadership strategies that promote safety and improve quality in nursing practice and increase collaboration with other disciplines when planning patient-centered care within systems-based practice. (PO2)

Due Date

• Answer post due by Wednesday 11:59 p.m. MT in Week 1
• Two replies to classmates and/or instructor due by Sunday 11:59 p.m. MT at the end of Week 1

Discussion

Now that you have examined the Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies©, why do you think these competencies were selected? Which two of the 10 competencies will be most important to your future nursing practice, and why?

Week 1: Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies

The Competency Committee of the Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies (NOFNCC) developed a multi-step system to define the core set of nursing competencies (Massachusetts Department of Higher Education, 2010, p. 3). They were to develop a smooth transition for nurses who were planning on furthering their education. Picking the core set of nursing competencies required 3 steps. The first step was making the list of nursing competencies. They obtained their list by looking at other states competencies, current practicing standards, accreditation standards, and national initiatives (Massachusetts Department of Higher Education, 2010, p. 3). Once they had their list of core competencies, they went to stage two which was feedback. They would ask nursing educators, faculty of public or private universities, and nursing practice councils for their opinion. After they made the adjustments they needed they went to step three. The committee did another review of literature but this time they compared their set of core competencies with the national model (Massachusetts Department of Higher Education, 2010, p. 3).

The ten core competencies the NOFNCC in the end decided on were patient-centered care, professionalism, leadership, systems-based practice, informatics and technology, communication, teamwork and collaboration, safety, quality improvement, and evidence-based practice. I believe these competencies were chosen because as nurses we use them every day on the job. It is like a checklist to providing the best care to our patients. They are the guidelines for future nurses, nurses to plan to further their education, and nurses practice in the field. NR 351 Week 1 Discussion: Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies

Of the ten competencies the two most important ones for myself are communication and patient centered care. Patient centered care is defined as “the Nurse of the Future will provide holistic care that recognizes an individual’s preferences, values, and needs and respects the patient or designee as a full partner in providing compassionate, coordinated, age and culturally appropriate, safe and effective care (Massachusetts Department of Higher Education, 2010, p. 10).” Each patient is unique and they each require different care. We can’t treat everyone as if they are all the same. As nurses we need to be able to accommodate to the patients needs and respect their space, whether it be privacy, taking their medication a certain way, or respecting their wishes to have a certain nurse. This reassures our patients that they are our main focus and that they are in control of their care. Our job as nurses is not only to care for our patients; it is to put our patients mind at ease. We are there to reassure them that their needs are met and their questions answered. NR 351 Week 1 Discussion: Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies

As nurses we need to always remember that we are our patients advocates and the only we can fulfill this role is by gaining our patients trust. To build trust we must keep an open and honest relationship. This entails us to constantly keep our patients up to date with their condition or progress. Communication is defined as, “the Nurse of the Future will interact effectively with patients, families, and colleagues, fostering mutual respect and shared decision making, to enhance patient satisfaction and health outcomes (Massachusetts Department of Higher Education, 2010, p. 32).” Nurses have ranked as the most trusted profession for 15 years in a row. This is only possible because of the relationship nurses build with their patients through open communication. We make sure that our patients feel comfortable to ask questions and voice their concerns. Ineffective communication occurs when there is a lack of clarity or direction in a conversation. This is something as nurses we must try to avoid. To achieve this I believe as nurses we must make sure we look up our patients effectively and we must make sure during handoff we have a good idea of what our patients plan of care is for the following day.

I believe we should treat our patients how we would like or loved ones to be treated. Even though there are some days when it is really hard, going that extra mile to make sure our patient have all their questions answered or making some time to spend an extra 5 minutes with our patient who is anxious makes a huge difference. Nursing is a field where we put our hearts into our work and the core competencies are there to make sure we are able to be the best nurses we can be to our patients and ensure their safety. NR 351 Week 1 Discussion: Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies

References:

Massachusetts Department of Higher Education. (2010). Massachusetts Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies. Retrieved January 4, 2017, from http://www.mass.edu/nahi/documents/NOFRNCompetencies_updated_March2016.pdf

Vertino, K., (September 30, 2014) “Effective Interpersonal Communication: A Practical Guide to Improve Your Life” OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing Vol. 19, No. 3, Manuscript 1. NR 351 Week 1 Discussion: Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies

Nursing Policy and Politics

Topic 1: Policy and Politics

Read the case studies in Chapter 3 of Policy and Politics for Nurses and Other Health Professionals. Examine what Margaret Sanger, The Arkansas State Legislature, and others have done to make changes to health care policy. Outline the process that these pioneers took to effect change. Describe how policy change moves from internal adoption to legislation. Discuss expertise and internal and external advocacy. Give an example of a policy change you would advocate for.

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Discussion Board:  Minimum 200 words, APA Style, Time New Roman, Font 12,   (3 references- in text citations) not older than (2012-2017).   No Plagiarism please.

Topic 2: Nursing Strong Throughout Time 

Compare and contrast three nursing advocates that have brought about change to public policy. What changes need to be made in the future to be successful as a profession of nursing advocates for healthcare policy reform?

Discussion Board:  Minimum 200 words, APA Style, Time New Roman, Font 12,   (3 references- in text citations) not older than (2012-2017).   No Plagiarism please. Nursing Policy and Politics

NR 351 Week 2 discussion: Interprofessional Collaboration Strategies essay examples

Week 2: Interprofessional Collaboration Strategies

Question: In today’s changing healthcare environment, it is more important than ever for professional nurses to be skilled in collaborating with professionals from other healthcare disciplines. What communication strategies can professional nurses use to specifically promote collaboration with other healthcare disciplines and professionals?

There are many forms of communication that nurses can promote collaboration with other members of the interdisciplinary healthcare team. The advanced technology we have today has provided us with many different avenues for communication. We can communicate verbally via in person, over the phone, or by using a handheld communication device such as Vocera. We can also communicate in writing via secure email, fax, instant messaging, clear and concise communication notes in a medical record, written report, etc. NR 351 Week 2 discussion: Interprofessional Collaboration Strategies essay examples

According to page 32 of the Massachusetts Department of Higher Education Nursing Initiative, “The Nurse of the Future will interact effectively with patients, families, and colleagues, fostering mutual respect and shared decision making, to enhance patient satisfaction and health outcomes” (Massachusetts Department of Higher Education Nursing Initiative, 2016, p. 32). I agree with this statement. Nurses are innovative! And are always thinking of new and better ways to communicate effectively with patients and members of the healthcare team.

Hood (pg 108) states that patient safety and quality of care depend on effective communication among all members of the healthcare team. Effective communication skills are essential in healthcare regardless of the position you hold within that team. Whether you are the physician, the nurse, an STNA, or in dietary. If we cannot communicate with each other, we cannot collaborate, and thus, we cannot provide the best care for our patients. In my current role, we not only deal with internal members of the healthcare team, we also deal with external team members. Essentially, my team members act as the lead collaborator to assure the health and welfare and the needs of their patients are being met. My team members communicate with the individuals they serve to see what their specific needs are and then collaborate across different functions to assure the health and welfare of the individuals they serve. This involves a multitude of communication strategies as some providers prefer written communication via fax, others are not permitted to email, etc. NR 351 Week 2 discussion: Interprofessional Collaboration Strategies essay examples.  This can be challenging as we have to be able to effectively communicate using many different methods of communication while being mindful of HIPAA. “True collaborative practice involves cooperation and consultation among healthcare providers of different disciplines by working together to achieve goals” (Kearney-Nunnery, 2016).

References:

Hood, L. J. (2018). Leddy & Pepper’s professional nursing (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Kearney-Nunnery, R. (2016). Advancing your career: Concepts of professional nursing (6^th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis. NR 351 Week 2 discussion: Interprofessional Collaboration Strategies essay examples

Massachusetts Department of Higher Education Nursing initiative. (2016). Massachusetts Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies. Retrieved from http://www.mass.edu/nahi/documents/NOFRNCompetencies_updated_March2016.pdf

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NR351 Discussion week 2

For team work and collaboration to be effective, nurses have to first of all build a relationship of trust and care with the patients and their families. The three stages of the nurse client relationship are; facilitators, advocate and coordinator. (Hood .2010 ,pg 81). Once the trust is established between the nurse and patient/patient family, it is easy to effectively communicate with them.  According to Ledder and Pepper, nurses rely on communication during nurse-client, collegial, and inter-professional   interactions.(Hood 2010 pg 84). Developing a professional partnership helps foster a relationship based on mutual respect to achieve a common mission while each participant lives out his or her life’s purpose. (Hood .2010, pg 102). Ledder and Pepper also suggests that, to foster a healthy work relationship amongst care members, meaningful conversations needs to occur via the following principles; intention, listening, advocacy, inquiry and silence.(Hood 2010, pg 102) NR 351 Week 2 discussion: Interprofessional Collaboration Strategies essay examples

As part of a nursing team, nurses are responsible for open, professional communication. Regardless of the setting, a professional environment is one in which staff members respect each other’s ideas, share information, and keep one another informed. For example, keeping colleagues informed about patients with emerging problems, physicians who have been called for consultation and unique approaches that may help prevent further problems. Another way to foster a great interdisciplinary collaboration is treating our colleagues with respect, listening to their ideas without interruption, being honest, and direct while communicating.  Part of a good communication is clarifying what others are saying to avoid errors and miscommunication. An efficient team is able to count on each other when needs arises that includes sharing expectations of what, when, and how to communicate is a step toward establishing a strong work team.

Effective communication and collaboration among health professionals is imperative to providing patient centered care (AACN, pg 22). During communication we have to identify patient preferred method of communication, the intellectual ability and any language barrier that may impede communication. Sometimes, client’s inability to speak or understand English language is interpreted as client been confused or non verbal. This is where nurses step in as patient advocate to make other team members aware of client’s communication barriers and ensure plan of care is communicated to client appropriately. NR 351 Week 2 discussion: Interprofessional Collaboration Strategies essay examples. Some of the communication tools we use at my job for patients with language barriers are the two way phone where there is a translator at the other end of the line, hired translators, colleagues who speak the same language, family members (client spokes person/responsible party), road maps (this are printed plan of care which tells client or family what labs were done, what procedure is scheduled etc) and also picture chart. For patients who are not mentally capable of communicating, we have to make sure we keep their decision makers well informed of the plan of care.  According to the nursing of the future, nursing core competencies, one must identify one’s own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team, while respecting the unique professional and cultural attributes that members bring to a team (Massachusetts, slide 31). Team work amongst team members ensures the deliverance of high quality and safe patient care. Being fully informed of clients plan of care help facilitate and ease communication amongst team members.  It is important we listen to each team member attentively, and talk to one another with respect. At my job we do rounds on all patients. The health care team involving the nurse, doctor, respiratory and physical therapist, case manager, social worker, unit manager and charge nurse discusses plan of care for each patient and go to the client as a group to inform the patient about their plan of care for the day. For patients who are not able to communicate, the plan of care is discussed with the client’s spokes person. Bedside shift report is another useful tool used for communicating with both the nurse and client. During bedside shift reporting, a detailed account of client’s history, why they are in the hospital and what their plan of care is at client’s bedside. Areas that could be changed to improve communication and collaboration at my job; having an onsite translator sitting next to client and translating could be very useful rather than the phone with a translator.  Secondly, giving staff lesser patients gives the staff the opportunity to listen to clients concerns and give other team members undivided attention. NR 351 Week 2 discussion: Interprofessional Collaboration Strategies essay examples. We spend more time documenting rather than caring for the patients. Reducing the amount of documentation will allow the nurse time to get to know their patients better

In conclusion, communication and collaboration can have a truly positive impact on both the patient and the health care system. Communication, teamwork and collaboration is an essential part of patient care. When used effectively, collaboration and communication can optimize patient outcomes and improve the quality of care. Thus, nurses and other disciplines must make this a priority. The dynamics between the nurse and other members of the interdisciplinary team is incredibly important in patient care. When this relationship is optimized, it is undoubtedly professional, positive and potentially life changing. NR 351 Week 2 discussion: Interprofessional Collaboration Strategies essay examples.

Hood, L.J. (2014). Leddy& Pepper’s conceptual bases of professional nursing (8th ed.).

Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

American Association of Colleges of Nursing Essentials of Baccalaureate

Education  < http://www.aacn.nche.edu/education-resources/BaccEssentials08.pdf > [8/15/2016]

Massachusetts Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies: Creativity and Connections

< http://www.mass.edu/currentinit/documents/NursingCoreCompetencies.pdf > [8/15/2016] NR 351 Week 2 discussion: Interprofessional Collaboration Strategies essay examples