PHN-652 Public Health Nursing Assessments

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PHN-652 Public Health Nursing Assessments

Topic 4: Public Health Nursing Assessments

Objectives:

  1. Apply the public health nursing practice model in the creation of a population needs assessment report.
  2. Differentiate among micro, meso, and macro levels of assessment.
  3. Discuss techniques for conducting a community health needs assessment.
  4. PHN-652 Public Health Nursing Assessments
  5. Utilize data sources to write a community health needs assessment report.

Community Health Needs Assessment Report

  

The purpose of this assignment is to apply the public health nursing practice model in order to write a community needs assessment report. Utilizing the data collected from your Topic 3 chosen population, write a 1,000-1,200 word community needs assessment report with the following information:

  1. A description of the community or population researched.
  2. Explanation of current data available PHN-652 Public Health Nursing Assessments.
  3. Summary of health needs identified through analysis of data.
  4. Description of the data collection method planned for collecting secondary data.
  5. Description of at least one key health issue/need from a nursing diagnosis, including the micro, meso, and macro level.
  6. Summary of at least one social determinant of the health issue identified.
  7. Brief outline of a plan for addressing the chosen health need. PHN-652 Public Health Nursing Assessments

Include three to five resources in your PHN-652 Public Health Nursing Assessments paper.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

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Community Health Needs Assessment Report

No of Criteria: 12 Achievement Levels: 5
Criteria
Achievement Levels
Description
Percentage
1: Unsatisfactory 0-75%
0.00 %
2: Less Than Satisfactory 76-80%
80.00 %
3: Satisfactory 81-88%
88.00 %
4: Good 89-92%
92.00 %
5: Excellent 93-100%
100.00 %
Content
70.0
Community or Population Researched
10.0
A description of the community or population researched is not present.
A description of the community or population researched is incomplete or incorrect.
A description of the community or population researched is included but lacks supporting details.
A description of the community or population researched is complete and includes supporting details.
A description of the community or population researched is extremely thorough and includes substantial supporting details.
Current Data Available
10.0
An explanation of current data available is not present.
An explanation of current data available is incomplete or incorrect.
An explanation of current data available is included but lacks supporting details.
An explanation of current data available is complete and includes supporting details.
An explanation of current data available is extremely thorough and includes substantial supporting details.
Health Needs Identified PHN-652 Public Health Nursing Assessments
10.0
A summary of health needs identified through analysis of data is not present.
A summary of health needs identified through analysis of data is incomplete or incorrect.
A summary of health needs identified through analysis of data is included but lacks supporting details.
A summary of health needs identified through analysis of data is complete and includes supporting details.
A summary of health needs identified through analysis of data is extremely thorough and includes substantial supporting details.
Data Collection Method
10.0
A description of the data collection method planned for collecting secondary data is not present.
A description of the data collection method planned for collecting secondary data is incomplete or incorrect.
A description of the data collection method planned for collecting secondary data is included but lacks supporting details.
A description of the data collection method planned for collecting secondary data is complete and includes supporting details.
A description of the data collection method planned for collecting secondary data is extremely thorough and includes substantial supporting details.
Micro, Meso, and Macro Level of Health Issue or Need
10.0
A description of at least one key health issue or need from a nursing diagnosis, including the micro, meso, and macro level, is not present.
A description of at least one key health issue or need from a nursing diagnosis, including the micro, meso, and macro level, is incomplete or incorrect.
A description of at least one key health issue or need from a nursing diagnosis, including the micro, meso, and macro level, is included but lacks supporting details.
A description of at least one key health issue or need from a nursing diagnosis, including the micro, meso, and macro level, is complete and includes supporting details. PHN-652 Public Health Nursing Assessments
A description of at least one key health issue or need from a nursing diagnosis, including the micro, meso, and macro level, is extremely thorough and includes substantial supporting details.
Social Determinant
10.0
A summary of at least one social determinant of the health issue identified is not present.
A summary of at least one social determinant of the health issue identified is incomplete or incorrect.
A summary of at least one social determinant of the health issue identified is included but lacks supporting details.
A summary of at least one social determinant of the health issue identified is complete and includes supporting details.
A discussion of the A summary of at least one social determinant of the health issue identified is extremely thorough and includes substantial supporting details.
Outline of Plan to Address Health Need
10.0
A brief outline of a plan for addressing the chosen health need is not present.
A brief outline of a plan for addressing the chosen health need is incomplete or incorrect.
A brief outline of a plan for addressing the chosen health need is included but lacks supporting details.
A brief outline of a plan for addressing the chosen health need is complete and includes supporting details.
A brief outline of a plan for addressing the chosen health need is extremely thorough and includes substantial supporting details.
Organization and Effectiveness
20.0
Thesis Development and Purpose
7.0
Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.
Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear.
Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose.
Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.
Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear. PHN-652 Public Health Nursing Assessments.
Argument Logic and Construction
8.0
Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.
Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.
Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis.
Argument shows logical progressions. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.
Clear and convincing argument that presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.
Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)
5.0
Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used.
Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not varied.
Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed.
Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech PHN-652 Public Health Nursing Assessments.
Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
Format
10.0

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Paper Format (Use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)
5.0
Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.
Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent.
Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.
Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style.
All format elements are correct. PHN-652 Public Health Nursing Assessments.
Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)
5.0
Sources are not documented.
Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.
Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.
Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct.
Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.
Total Percentage  100

Topic 4 DQ 1

  

What techniques can be used in conducting a community health needs assessment? PHN-652 Public Health Nursing Assessments Which technique do you feel is the most effective?

Topic 4 DQ 2

  

When writing a community health needs assessment report, the public health nurse will need to include micro, meso, and macro levels of assessment. What is the difference between these levels of assessment? Why is it necessary to use all levels of assessment when writing a community health needs assessment report? What would be the impact of not including all three levels of assessment in a community health needs assessment report? PHN-652 Public Health Nursing Assessments.

Social determinants of health nursing essay

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Social determinants of health nursing essay

Give a positive response to the following Social determinants of health nursing essay;

Health is extremely important to be able to live a long, prosperous life. Health can be influenced by many different things such as the environment, economic status, education, etc. Because children are just like adults, but smaller and with less developed organ function, their health can be very vulnerable at times. As adults, the body is already fully developed and each organ and cell in the body is able to perform at the optimal level. This is not the same for children as children are still going through the developmental stages. Their bodies are still getting developed which may make them vulnerable to certain illnesses. Their health can be influenced by the environment and economic status greatly. When looking at links to poverty and economic status, obesity could be the result from these issues. Social determinants of health nursing essay

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Obesity is a growing illness that is affecting children of all ages. Because fast food is so readily available and cheap, families will turn to this option for those reasons. Healthy food can be expensive and time consuming to produce and make, so people who are living in poverty are trying to work a lot to earn a living and they may not want to spend all of their money on healthy food because they don’t have that option. When looking at environmental influences, respiratory diseases are common among children. According to Jarvis (2015), “the relatively smaller size and immaturity of children’s pulmonary systems and the presence of parents and caregivers who smoke result in enormous vulnerability and increased risks to child health.” In the environment there is pollution that may be a hazard to many young children. Not only that, but a lot of smokers exist in the world and second hand smoking can adversely affect children as it does to adults. According to Creel (2002), indoor air pollution includes “biomass fuels, wood, animal dung, or crop residues” as outdoor air pollution is “sulfur dioxide, ozone, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds [that] come from motor vehicle exhaust, power plant emissions, open burning of solid waste, and construction.” All of these pollution lead to respiratory diseases such as asthma, lung cancer, etc. Social determinants of health nursing essay.

References

Creel, L. (2002). Children’s Environmental Health: Risks and Remedies. Retrieved from http://www.prb.org/Publications/Reports/2002/ChildrensEnvironmentalHealthRisksandRemedies.aspx

Jarvis, C. (2015). Physical Examination and Health Assessment. Retrieved from https://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books/9781455728107/cfi/6/2!/4/6@0.00:0.00 Social determinants of health nursing essay

Benchmark – Population Needs Intervention Development

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Benchmark – Population Needs Intervention Development

 Benchmark – Population Needs Intervention Development

The purpose of this assignment is to develop an intervention to target a community health need.

There are 17 types of interventions that can be used by public health nurses. To address the health issue or disparity of health identified during your Community Health Needs Assessment Report in Topic 4, develop an intervention plan to target that need.

To report your intervention plan, create a 10-12 slide PowerPoint presentation, not including the title and reference slides, that addresses the following information:

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  1. Description of the population chosen.
  2. Data used in determining health need.
  3. Summary of which interventions are already in place for this community health need.
  4. Detailed description of the intervention targeted to the population.
  5. Rationale for developing this intervention.
  6. Evidence-based resources to support intervention.
  7. Identification of all stakeholders, including the community.
  8. Description of the steps that will be taken to ensure the intervention is culturally sensitive to the community and population.

Include three to five resources in your Benchmark – Population Needs Intervention Development presentation.

Refer to the resource, “Creating Effective PowerPoint Presentations,” located in the Student Success Center, for additional guidance on completing this assignment in the appropriate style.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this Benchmark – Population Needs Intervention Development assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

Detecting child abuse essay

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Detecting child abuse essay

Give a positive response to the following student detecting child abuse essay

Abuse does not discriminate againts age.  Children of all ages suffer abuse and some of the most fragile are at the younger end of the spectrum.  Shcool age children often suffer from  abuse and the abuse can come in a variety of different types ranging from sexual, physical, emotionaly, and from neglect.  The most common form of abuse within this age group is neglect.  Neglect occurs when the responsible party fails to provide basic needs for the child.  This may manifest in the form of malnutrition, lack of medical care, or lack of basic needs like clothing and hygiene.  “Neglect is dangerous and can cause serious, long-term damage – even death.”  (NSPCC, 2007). Detecting child abuse essay

Warning signs may be hard to detect.  Changes in the child behavior may be evident.  The child may also seem more paranoid or easily frightened.  Often neglected children may have poor hygiene, wear dirty clothes, and have poor nutrtitional and dental health. Difficulty concentrating may also be something the neglected child suffers from.  “Some children may directly disclose that they have experienced abuse or neglect.”  (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2013).

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When assessing a school age child a nurse should always assess for any signs and symptoms of abuse.  Physical abuse may be easily visable by bruises, broken bones, and injuruies healing at different levels.  However, many of these types of symptoms can be due to the active life of a school aged child.  Cultural practices may also be mistaken as abuse.  For example, some cultures believe in cupping and coining to ward off infection.  This can leave marks that look like abuse but are simply the cultural practices and beliefs of some people.  Often you will have to dig deeper and look for other clues and remain culturaly competent to not misdiagnose abuse.  Sexual abuse may be aparent with extreme fear and avoidance of assessment of the genitals where neglect may be aparent in the childs BMI and growth records.

In California all healthcare providers are mandated reporters for any suspision of abuse at any level.  I work at a hospital and we have a resource binder we access when any abuse if suspected.  We would fill out a report and fax to the appropriate agency which would be child welfare or adult protective services.  As nurses it is our responsiblility to advocate for all patients, big and small.

Reference:

NSPCC. Child Neglect. (2007).  Retrieved from:

https://www.nspcc.org.uk/preventing-abuse/child-abuse-and-neglect/neglect/

Child Welfare Information Gateway. What is Child Abuse and Neglect: Recognizing Signs and Symptoms. (2013).  Retrieved from:

https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubPDFs/whatiscan.pdf Detecting child abuse essay

Social determinants of health assignment

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Social determinants of health assignment

Give a Positive Response to the following social determinants of health assignment;

Social determinants of health are related to the environment in which people live, learn, work, and play that affects a multitude of health risks and outcomes.  According to the CDC (2014), these conditions are shaped by the amount of money, power, and resources that are present and determined by policy choices. When these conditions are out of balance, living a healthy lifestyle such as a well-balanced diet, getting physical exercise, obtaining vaccines, and seeking care when ill, are challenging.  This is where community nurses knowing their resources is crucial to help support their patients with deficits.  This unequal opportunity is influenced by poverty, lack of access to health care, inadequate education, shame, and racism (CDC, 2014). Social determinants play a role in the risk of illness and a wide range of health issues including diabetes, heart disease, and obesity.  From a global standpoint, there is a vast difference in developing countries who are suffering from poverty.  “Poorer countries have higher rates of death, disease, and disability” (Maurer & Smith, 2013).  The children endure malnutrition and premature death.  Illness not seen in places like the United States are widespread in the poor nations which effects life expectancy. Social determinants of health assignment

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The communicable disease chain refers to infectious diseases that develop from the interaction of agent, host, and environment.  To be precise, “transmission occurs when the agent leaves its reservoir or host through a portal of exit, is conveyed by some mode of transmission, and enters through an appropriate portal of entry to infect a susceptible host” (CDC, 2012). There are many opportunities for nurses to help stop the spread of disease and provide the proper education to patients.  The first step nurses can take to stop spreading is by interrupting this chain by properly washing their hands which are a fundamental principle of infection control.  This should be performed in all required situations such as before any aseptic procedure, before and after handling any patient, touching soiled items, after using the restroom, and before and after handling food.  Other examples include assessing your patient daily for the need to continue use of a Foley catheter which is a source of infection and staying up-to-date on your vaccines.  Also, remaining at home when sick and covering a cough to avoid spreading. Social determinants of health assignment.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). Introduction to epidemiology. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ophss/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson1/section10.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Social determinants of health. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/socialdeterminants/faq.html

Maurer, F.A. & Smith, C.M.  (2013). Community/public health nursing practice (5th ed).  St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders. Social determinants of health assignment

PHN-652 Planning for Evaluation

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Planning for Evaluation

 PHN-652 Planning for Evaluation

The purpose of this assignment is to develop an evaluation plan for your evidence-based intervention in order to reflect on its effectiveness.

You may choose to include key slides from your Population-Based Intervention Implementation Plan from Topic 5 in order to ensure that stakeholders have an understanding of the data collection and intervention planning processes.

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Create a 5-8 slide PowerPoint presentation, not including title or reference slides, with the following information:

  1. Describe the population and health disparity targeted in the intervention.
  2. Identify features and strategies for evaluation.
  3. Identify performance measures. PHN-652 Planning for Evaluation
  4. Write short-term and long-term outcomes with plans for measurement and benchmarking.
  5. Plan for the next steps in the intervention. What will you do with this evaluation data?

Include speaker notes for each slide, detailing how you would present this information to stakeholders.

Include one or two resources in your presentation.

Refer to the resource, “Creating Effective PowerPoint Presentations,” located in the Student Success Center, for additional guidance on completing this assignment in the appropriate style.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this PHN-652 Planning for Evaluation assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

PHN-652 Funding Plan – Principles and Sources for Financial Management

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Benchmark – Funding Plan

 PHN-652 Funding Plan – Principles and Sources for Financial Management

The purpose of this PHN-652 Funding Plan – Principles and Sources for Financial Management assignment is to create a plan for funding an intervention while applying financial planning and management best practices.

Write a 1,200-1,500 word plan for funding, including the following information:

  1. Description of the data used to determine the targeted health disparity.
  2. Description of the health disparity targeted through the intervention.
  3. Description of intervention sustainability.
  4. Description of possible cost savings resulting from intervention implementation.
  5. Rationale for chosen sources of funding.
  6. A proposed budget that includes total cost of implementation, expenses, and amount of funding received.
  7. Description of adherence to financial planning and management best practices.

  8. ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER NOW

Include one or two resources in your PHN-652 Funding Plan – Principles and Sources for Financial Management paper.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance. PHN-652 Funding Plan – Principles and Sources for Financial Management

NRS 428 Topic 1 DQ 1

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Topic 1 DQ 1

 NRS 428 Topic 1 DQ 1

Explain the role of the community health nurse in partnership with community stakeholders for population health promotion. Explain why it is important to appraise community resources (nonprofit, spiritual/religious, etc.) as part of a community assessment and why these resources are important in population health promotion.

Re: Topic 1 DQ 1

Community health nurses, sometimes called public health nurses, are registered nurses (RNs) who are trained to work in public health settings such as county or state health departments, schools, jails, and businesses. According to (DUQUESNE UNIVERSITY, 2018). Community nursing participates evidence-based research with community health needs to provide care based on science and evidence. They must determine the cultural and socioeconomic needs of the community and alter care as needed. By helping whole communities, community nurses act as educators, disease and injury prevention specialists, research scientists, community advocates, emergency preparedness experts, public health liaison, and healthcare professionals (DUQUESNE UNIVERSITY, 2018).

It is important to appraise community resources (nonprofit, spiritual/religious, etc.) as part of a community assessment because Community health needs assessments (CHNAs) have the potential to be powerful drivers to enhance the health of communities. Thousands of hospitals across the United States complete a CHNA process every three years. This process includes reviewing quantitative data on community health status, soliciting input from community stakeholders, selecting priority community health needs and devising strategies to address the identified priority needs (CDC, 2019). These resources are important in population health promotion because it will increase the probability of reducing health disparities and improving population health status (Pennel, McLeroy, Burdine, & Matarrita-Cascante, 2015). NRS 428 Topic 1 DQ 1

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References:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). CDC – Home – Community Health Assessment – STLT Gateway. Retrieved July 8, 2019, from http://www.cdc.gov/stltpublichealth/cha/index.html

DUQUESNE UNIVERSITY. (2018, July 18). Roles And Responsibilities Of A Community Health Nurse. Retrieved July 8, 2019, from https://onlinenursing.duq.edu/blog/roles-responsibilities-community-health-nurse/

Pennel, C. L., McLeroy, K. R., Burdine, J. N., & Matarrita-Cascante, D. (2015, March). Nonprofit hospitals’ approach to community health needs assessment. Retrieved July 8, 2019, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4330850/ NRS 428 Topic 1 DQ 1

Child abuse and maltreatment essay assignment

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Child abuse and maltreatment essay assignment

Give a positive response to the following Child abuse and maltreatment essay assignment by a student;

Child abuse and maltreatment is a common occurrence in the United States there for it remains very important as nurses to be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of possible abuse. According to American Academy of Pediatrics, approximately three million cases of child abuse and neglect are reported each year, with the majority of cases being neglect followed by physical and sexual abuse (AAP, 2017). Some statistics show that the highest rate of fatal child abuse occurs in children 0-4 years of age commonly caused by head injuries, then suffocation and abdominal injuries (WHO, 2002). These young children are most vulnerable to physical abuse most likely by a family member or someone close to them. It is not always an easy task to recognize when a child has been abused or neglected due to either fear, the abuser was a loved one, or the child thinks they will be blamed or no one will believe them. This is where us nurses come in by being able to recognize the signs without being verbally told, and be able to understand that there are no specific signs that point to specific types of abuse. There can be physical signs, such as any injuries that have no explanation, genital pain or bleeding out of the norm; behavioral changes such as fearful behaviors for no reason, bedwetting, extreme sexual behavior, changes in self-confidence, physical complaints with no medical causes, education issues, passive or aggressive behaviors out of the norm, weight changes, and social withdraw(AAP,2017). Most times children do not come out and report abuse, so being diligent in an assessment, asking the right questions and making this children feel safe and comfortable will be important in getting them proper treatment as soon as possible in cases of suspected abuse. Child abuse and maltreatment comes with a great amount of long term emotional damage that can be detrimental to their wellbeing as adults. Some cultures practice differently than others and how they treat children can often be seen in Western Medicine as abusive behavior such as cao gio which is performed in some Southeast Asian cultures (Davis, 2000). This method of dermabrasion is used to treat wind diseases by rubbing or pinching the skin to bring bad blood to the surface of the skin which allows bad wind to escape from the body of the sick (Davis, 2000). This is often performed on the back, shoulders, chest, temples and forehead often leaving large bruises or extreme redness that can often look like signs of child abuse. Child abuse and maltreatment essay assignment

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As a nurse, it is my responsibility to report suspected child abuse appropriately, only after I have gathered as much information as possible. I must be very confident I believe the signs I am assessing have come from child abuse or neglect before reporting my findings to the local department of social services or the Child Abuse and Neglect Hotline. There is a list of local departments of social services, addresses and phone numbers for the Virginia area available at http://www.dss.virginia.gov/localagency (VDSS, n.d.). I will be asked to provide as much information as possible in order for a CPS worker to investigate further. I, as the nurse of this child, have a legal and ethical responsibility to report suspected abuse to local social services to ensure this abuse does not go on and prevent future abuse and neglect cases for this child. Child abuse and maltreatment essay assignment.

American Academy of Pediatrics. (2017). What to Know About Child Abuse. Retrieved from https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/What-to-Know-about-Child-Abuse.aspx

Davis, R. E. (2000). International scene: Cultural health care or child abuse? the southeast asian practice of cao gio. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 12(3), 89. Retrieved from https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/docview/212880211?accountid=7374

Virginia Department of Social Services (VDSS) (n.d.). A Guide for Mandated Reporters in Recognizing and Reporting Child Abuse and Neglect. Retrieved from https://www.dss.virginia.gov/files/division/dfs/cps/intro_page/publications/general/B032-02-0280-00-eng.pdf

World Health Organization. (2002). Child Abuse and Neglect. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/world_report/factsheets/en/childabusefacts.pdf Child abuse and maltreatment essay assignment

Child Maltreatment Essay

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Child Maltreatment Essay

Give a positive response to the following child maltreatment essay by a student;

Young infants, less than six months old are subject to child maltreatment and have rates of physical and abusive trauma twice the rate of children one to three years in age (Harper, et.al., 2014). Abuse symptoms most often seen in non-mobile infants are bruising, burns, fractures and traumatic brain injuries. Infants have a wide variety of developmental ability and mobility, but in general they are not mobile enough to sustain fractures, or get into things in their environment that would cause the injuries that they may present with. Often with infant abuse, mother’s or parents bring their infants to be evaluated for difficult temperaments or excessive crying. The provider may notice bruising, and when assessing and questioning the parent may give inconsistent stories on how or when the bruising appeared. Bruising in any pre-mobile infant is a red flag for abuse with high suspicion for more serious internal injuries (Harper, et.al., 2014). Injuries of this nature should always lead to further investigation. On imaging studies, fractures may be seen on the skull, in long bones of legs and arms as well as hands and feet. Multiple fractures of varying stages of healing almost always are attributed to infant abuse. Fractures in the absence of trauma confirms the likelihood of physical abuse and the incidence is higher the younger the child (Paddock, Sprigg, &Offiah, 2017). Failure to thrive, threatening weight loss, uncleanliness and diapering may also lead the provider to further investigations of suspected abuse. The most serious of abuse and injuries is that of shaken baby syndrome, resulting in traumatic brain injury, retinal hemorrhages, and intracranial bleeds. An emotional assessment can be difficult in infancy in revealing abuse. Although, infants can be withdrawn or cry excessively from the pain of physical injuries. Traditional cultural healing can also be misidentified as abuse, when the provider visualizes burns, abrasions, or petechial marks on the chest or back of infants. For example, in the Asian community treatment of cough and fever may be alleviated by heated ointments applied by metal coins or spoons. Minor burns may result from the vigorous rubbing of heated herbs and appear as linear abrasions or bruising (Stanford Medicine, 2017). Child Maltreatment Essay

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As a medical professional and nurse, I am a mandated reporter of suspected abuse. There are often medical diagnosis that can lead to injuries that mimic abuse, although in California they do not need to be ruled out prior to reporting.  The standard for which a report should be made is “reasonable suspicion” (Rady’s Children’s Hospital San Diego, 2012). Failure to report can result in a misdemeanor, imprisonment, and fines. Reports should be made immediately or as soon as possible to the county child welfare services or police/sheriff’s department. The report can be made by phone or written report transmitted by fax, mail or electronically. Child Maltreatment Essay.

References

Harper, N. S., Feldman, K. W., Sugar, N. F., Anderst, J. D., & Lindberg, D. M. (2014). Additional Injuries in Young Infants with Concern for Abuse and Apparently Isolated Bruises. The Journal Of Pediatrics, 165383-388.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.04.004

National Center on Shaken Baby Syndrome (2016). Retrieved from https://dontshake.org/learn-more

Paddock, M., Sprigg, A., & Offiah, A. (2017). Imaging and reporting considerations for suspected physical abuse (non-accidental injury) in infants and young children. Part 1: initial considerations and appendicular skeleton. Clinical Radiology, (3), 179. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2016.11.016

Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego (2012). The California Child Abuse and Neglect Report Law. Retrieved from http://mandatedreporterca.com/images/pub132.pdf Child Maltreatment Essay