Concept of Perfusion Assignment

Module 04 M.A.P. Easy as 1, 2, 3

The concept of perfusion is defined as the ability of the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells via the blood through the arteries and capillaries, and in turn picking up cellular waste and carbon dioxide from the cells via the veins.

What is needed to maintain adequate perfusion? An adequate Cardiac Output (CO)! Cardiac Output (CO) is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart every minute. CO=Heart Rate (HR) X SV (Stroke Volume). Stroke volume in turn depends on three factors: preload, afterload and contractility. As CO decreases there will be a decrease in tissue perfusion. Decrease tissue perfusion will lead to clinical manifestation. These manifestations of decreased CO will be seen in all the systems. Other causes of tissue perfusion can be organ specific. Narrowing or local vessels, blood clots, and even dilation can affect perfusion o the local organs.

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Risk Factors

Adequate perfusion is needed by all, so everyone has a potential risk for decreased perfusion. Look at the factors that CO depends on (HR, preload, afterload and contractility) can you think of conditions that may affect those?

• 16-year-old male in a traumatic car accident. That blood loss is affecting his preload.
• 70-year-old female with Heart failure, the disease process is affecting contractility.
• 54-year-old male with a massive inferior wall MI that is causing him to have a decreased HR.
• 60-year-old African American with severe Hypertension, affecting his afterload. Concept of Perfusion Assignment
• 9-month-old with vomiting and diarrhea will have a decrease in preload.
  

  Module 04 M.A.P. Easy as 1, 2, 3

  The concept of perfusion is defined as the ability of the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells via the blood through the arteries and capillaries, and in turn picking up cellular waste and carbon dioxide from the cells via the veins.

  What is needed to maintain adequate perfusion? An adequate Cardiac Output (CO)! Cardiac Output (CO) is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart every minute. CO=Heart Rate (HR) X SV (Stroke Volume). Stroke volume in turn depends on three factors: preload, afterload and contractility. As CO decreases there will be a decrease in tissue perfusion. Decrease tissue perfusion will lead to clinical manifestation. These manifestations of decreased CO will be seen in all the systems. Other causes of tissue perfusion can be organ specific. Narrowing or local vessels, blood clots, and even dilation can affect perfusion o the local organs.

  Risk Factors

  Adequate perfusion is needed by all, so everyone has a potential risk for decreased perfusion. Look at the factors that CO depends on (HR, preload, afterload and contractility) can you think of conditions that may affect those?

  • 16-year-old male in a traumatic car accident. That blood loss is affecting his preload.
  • 70-year-old female with Heart failure, the disease process is affecting contractility.
  • 54-year-old male with a massive inferior wall MI that is causing him to have a decreased HR.
  • 60-year-old African American with severe Hypertension, affecting his afterload.
  • 9-month-old with vomiting and diarrhea will have a decrease in preload. Concept of Perfusion Assignment

Nursing Diagnosis Assignment

Kacie Benson, a 19 year-old woman, is a client on your unit as a result of a skiing accident. She is unconscious and may or may not regain consciousness. She is on complete bedrest. She requires frequent repositioning to maintain correct body alignment and attention to her ROM. She responds to painful stimuli with slight non-purposeful withdrawal. No spontaneous movements are noted. The recent lower extremity ultrasound showed no evidence of venous thrombosis and she continues on low molecular weight heparin injections. Her fluid and electrolyte balance is being maintained by a tube feeding at 60 mL per hour continuously. She is incontinent of stool and has an indwelling Foley catheter. Her heels are reddened, but otherwise her skin is intact.

Use at least two scholarly sources to support your nursing diagnoses. Be sure to cite your sources in-text and on a reference page using APA format.

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Kacie Benson, a 19 year-old woman, is a client on your unit as a result of a skiing accident. She is unconscious and may or may not regain consciousness. She is on complete bedrest. She requires frequent repositioning to maintain correct body alignment and attention to her ROM. She responds to painful stimuli with slight non-purposeful withdrawal. No spontaneous movements are noted. The recent lower extremity ultrasound showed no evidence of venous thrombosis and she continues on low molecular weight heparin injections. Her fluid and electrolyte balance is being maintained by a tube feeding at 60 mL per hour continuously. She is incontinent of stool and has an indwelling Foley catheter. Her heels are reddened, but otherwise her skin is intact. Nursing Diagnosis Assignment

Use at least two scholarly sources to support your nursing diagnoses. Be sure to cite your sources in-text and on a reference page using APA format.

Kacie Benson, a 19 year-old woman, is a client on your unit as a result of a skiing accident. She is unconscious and may or may not regain consciousness. She is on complete bedrest. She requires frequent repositioning to maintain correct body alignment and attention to her ROM. She responds to painful stimuli with slight non-purposeful withdrawal. No spontaneous movements are noted. The recent lower extremity ultrasound showed no evidence of venous thrombosis and she continues on low molecular weight heparin injections. Her fluid and electrolyte balance is being maintained by a tube feeding at 60 mL per hour continuously. She is incontinent of stool and has an indwelling Foley catheter. Her heels are reddened, but otherwise her skin is intact.

Use at least two scholarly sources to support your nursing diagnoses. Be sure to cite your sources in-text and on a reference page using APA format. Nursing Diagnosis Assignment

Nursing Leadership And Management Homework

Change Theories Project

Note: You will create a PowerPoint slide presentation (not an APA paper) for this assignment. Submit your assignment to the Academic Coach for grading for this module. If you do not submit a PowerPoint slide presentation you will not receive credit for this assignment. Nursing Leadership And Management Homework

Overview: Change Theories Project

Each student will produce a plan for implementing a change project in nursing departments throughout the organization. You will begin by selecting one of the options provided in module one and propose a change to solve the problem. If you do not select one of the provided options you will not receive credit for this assignment. Then you will select one of the change theories you have studied that models how you want to implement the proposed change. You will conduct a SWOT analysis and develop a comprehensive action plan. You will create a PowerPoint presentation of your plan with a “script” in the Notes section below each slide, as if you are presenting this to an audience. These will be your speaker notes as if you are presenting your PowerPoint to an audience. You MUST have a notes section for your slides. There will be a 50 point deduction if notes are not present. (The Notes section can be found below each slide within the PowerPoint presentation).

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During and after your work, you will examine the types of communications, decision-making processes, and processes you use, and comment upon those in the last part of the “script.” Nursing Leadership And Management Homework

Objectives

1. Select and utilize a change theory model to implement the proposed change (chapter 5)
2. Analyze the leadership roles and management skills necessary to implement a new
3. Identify your decision-making
4. Demonstrate the elements of the change Nursing Leadership And Management Homework

Rubric

Use this rubric to guide your work.

Note: There will be automatic 50 point reduction if notes are not included.

Action Plan (Pivotal portion of project)

Your plan will include at least-

• Supporting rationale for implementing the new
• Steps and processes necessary to assure staff
• Ways in which you will communicate your
• The change process you have chosen with an explanation of how and why this model was
• A definition of the leadership style you expect to be most
• What management functions you will
• Any budget requirements/implications.
• The advantages and disadvantages of using a work group sending an e-mail announcing the change.
• A plan for how you will handle noncompliance, late majority, laggards, and rejecters.
• Specifications regarding how you will evaluate the effectiveness of your

You are expected to use current professional references to support your work throughout. At least two of your references must be from separate professional nursing management journals. Nursing Leadership And Management Homework

Project Presentation

Your presentation should be constructed as follows:

You will open a new PowerPoint presentation and save it to your computer desktop or other storage device with the filename: N4455_ YOURNAME. In the actual file, YOURNAME should be replaced by your name.

The presentation should include slides with the script in the Notes section of each slide. This script reflects what would be said at an oral presentation of the change proposal to key stakeholders. The slides should be created as follows-

Slide 1:            Title Slide – Title and Your Name Slide 2:                        Introduction with chosen 

                       Change Theory

Slide 3:            SWOT Analysis

Identify the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats associated with implementing or failing to implement the proposed plan.

Slides 4-14:     Action Plan

Discuss the details of the implementation plan. Demonstrate the application of theory to the specific decisions and recommendations. Nursing Leadership And Management Homework

• Change theory model
• Steps and processes
• Communication plan
• Leadership styles
• Management functions
• Budget requirements/implications
• Steps to assure staff compliance
• Evaluation

Slide 15:          Decision-making process

Analyze the decision-making process used. What was effective or ineffective and what would you change in the future? (Note-Your slides should be indicative of what would be used in the presentation to the stakeholders, and the script in the Notes section should describe to the stakeholders how you arrived at decisions. Then, also in the Notes, describe in parentheses the effective and ineffective methods or situations involved in your work. You would probably not go into such details in your presentation to stakeholders!) Nursing Leadership And Management Homework

Slide 16:          References

Throughout: Minimum of three APA references, correct APA format, spelling, and grammar

Familial Health Traditions

Instructions: 

1. Read and follow the directions on pages 160 and 161.
2. Conduct an interview with an older family member.
3. Summarize your findings regarding familial and social changes, and your ethnocultural and religiousheritage. (Include one example)
4. Your paper should be:
   • One (1) page
   • Typed according to APA style for margins, formating and spacing standards
     • See NUR3045 – Library (located on left-side on menu) for tutorial Using APA Style
   • Typed into a Microsoft Word document, save the file, and then upload the file.
   • I ATTACHED THE PDF OF THE BOOK SO YOU CAN LOOK AT PAGE 160 AND 161 WHCIH IS PART OF CHAPTER 7 Familial Health Traditions
     

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Overview
Unit I focuses on the background knowledge one must recognize as the foundation for developing CULTURALCOMPETENCY.
■ Chapter 1 presents an overview of the significant content related to the
on-going development of the concepts of cultural and linguistic competency as it is described by several different organizations.
■ Chapter 2 explores the concept of cultural heritage and history and the
roles they play in one’s perception of health and illness. This exploration
xiv ■ Preface
is first outlined in general terms: What is culture? How is it transmitted? What is ethnicity? What is religion? How do they affect a person’s
health? What major sociocultural events occurred during the life trajectory of a person that may influence his or her personal health beliefs Familial Health Traditions
and practices?
■ Chapter 3 presents a discussion of the diversity—demographic, immigration, and poverty—that impacts on the delivery of and access to
health care. The backgrounds of each of the U.S. Census Bureau’s categories of the population, an overview of immigration, and an overview
of issues relevant to poverty are presented.
■ Chapter 4 reviews the provider’s knowledge of his or her own perceptions, needs, and understanding of health and illness.
Unit II explores the domains of HEALTH, blends them with one’s personal
heritage, and contrasts them with the Allopathic Philosophy.
■ Chapter 5 introduces the concept of HEALTH and develops the concept in broad and general terms. The HEALTH Traditions Model is presented, as are natural methods of HEALTH maintenance and protection.
■ Chapter 6 explores the concept of HEALTH restoration or HEALING and
the role that faith plays in the context of HEALING, or magico-religious,
traditions. This is an increasingly important issue, which is evolving to a
point where the health care provider must have some understanding of
this phenomenon. Familial Health Traditions
■ Chapter 7 discusses family heritage and explores personal and familial
HEALTH traditions. It includes an array of familial health/HEALTH beliefs and practices shared by people from many different heritages.
■ Chapter 8 focuses on the health care provider culture and the allopathic
health care delivery system.
Once the study of each of these components has been completed, Unit III
(Chapters 9 to 13) moves on to explore selected population groups in more detail, to portray a panorama of traditional HEALTH and ILLNESS beliefs and practices, and to present relevant health care issues.
Chapter 14 is devoted to an overall analysis of the book’s contents and
how best to apply this knowledge in health care delivery, health planning, and
health education, for both the patient and the health care professional.
Each chapter in the text opens with images relevant to the chapter’s topic. They
may be viewed in the CULTURALCARE Museum on the accompanying web page.
These pages cannot do full justice to the richness of any one culture or
any one health/HEALTH belief system. By presenting some of the beliefs and
practices and suggesting background reading, however, the book can begin to
inform and sensitize the reader to the needs of a given group of people. It can
also serve as a model for developing cultural knowledge of populations that are
not included in this text. Familial Health Traditions
There is so much to be learned. Countless books and articles have now
appeared that address these problems and issues. It is not easy to alter attitudes
Preface ■ xv
and beliefs or stereotypes and prejudices, to change a person’s philosophy.
Some social psychologists state that it is almost impossible to lose all of one’s
prejudices, yet alterations can be made. I believe the health care provider must
develop the ability to deliver CULTURALCARE and knowledge regarding personal fundamental values regarding health/HEALTH and illness/ILLNESS. With
acceptance of one’s own values come the framework and courage to accept
the existence of differing values. This process of realization and acceptance can
enable the health care provider to be instrumental in meeting the needs of the
consumer in a collaborative, safe, and professional manner.
This book is written primarily for the student in basic allied health professional programs, nursing, medical, social work, and other health care provider
disciplines. I believe it will be helpful also for providers in all areas of practice,
especially community health, long-term oncology, chronic care settings, and geriatric and hospice centers. I am attempting to write in a direct manner and to use
language that is understandable by all. The material is sensitive, yet I believe that
it is presented in a sensitive manner. At no point is my intent to create a vehicle
for stereotyping. I know that one person will read this book and nod, “Yes, this is
how I see it,” and someone else of the same background will say, “No, this is not
correct.” This is the way it is meant to be. It is incomplete by intent. It is written
in the spirit of open inquiry, so that an issue may be raised and so that clarification of any given point will be sought from the patient as health care is provided.
The deeper I travel into this world of cultural diversity, the more I wonder at the
variety. It is wonderfully exciting. By gaining insight into the traditional attitudes
that people have toward health and health care, I found my own nursing practice
was enhanced, and I was better able to understand the needs of patients and their
families. It is thrilling to be able to meet, to know, and to provide care to people
from all over the world and every walk of life. It is the excitement of nursing. As
we go forward in time, I hope that these words will help you, the reader, develop
CULTURALCARE skills and help you provide the best care to all.
You don’t need a masterpiece to get the idea. Familial Health Traditions
—Pablo Picasso
■ Features
■ Research on Culture and Health. As evidence-based practice grows
in importance, its application is expected in all aspects of health care.
This special feature spotlights how current research informs and impacts cultural awareness and competence.
■ Unit and Chapter Objectives. Each unit and chapter opens with objectives to direct the reader when studying.
■ Unit Exercises and Activities. The beginning of each unit provides exercises and activities related to the topic. Questions stimulate reflective
xvi ■ Preface
consideration of the reader’s own family and cultural history as well as
to develop an awareness of one’s own biases.
■ Figures, Tables, and Boxes. Throughout the book are photographs,
illustrations, tables, and boxes that exemplify and expand on information referenced in the chapter. Familial Health Traditions
■ Health Traditions Imagery. These symbolic images are used to link
the chapters. The images were selected to awaken you to the richness of
a given heritage and the practices inherent within both modern and traditional cultures, as well as the beliefs surrounding health and HEALTH.
(HEALTH, when written this way, is defined as the balance of the person,
both within one’s being—physical, mental, spiritual—and in the outside
world—natural, familial and communal, metaphysical.)
■ Keeping Up. Selected resources that present information that is frequently published in a timely manner to keep you abreast of data, on
such topics as poverty, income, immigration, and so forth, as the facts
and figures change. This is a new feature for this edition.
■ Supplemental Resources
■ CulturalCare Guide. Previously available as a separate booklet, the
contents of this helpful guide are now available for downloading on
the Companion Website. The guide includes the Heritage Assessment Tool, Cultural Phenomena Affecting Health Care, CulturalCare
Etiquette, and other assessment tools and guides.
■ Companion Website. www.prenhall.com/spector. The Companion
Website includes a wealth of supplemental material to accompany each
chapter. In addition to the complete contents of the CulturalCare
Guide, the site presents chapter-related review questions, case studies,
exercises, and MediaLinks to provide additional information. Panorama
of Health and Illness videos accompany many chapters, and a glossary
of terms appears for each chapter. Also included is a collection of the
author’s photographs and culturally significant images in the CULTURALCARE Museum. Familial Health Traditions
■ Instructor’s Resource Center. Available to instructors adopting the
book are PowerPoint Lecture Slides and a complete testbank available
for downloading from the Instructor’s Resource Center, which can be
accessed through the online catalog.
■ Online Course Management. Built to accompany Cultural Diversity
in Health and Illness are online course management systems available
for Blackboard, WebCT, Moodle, Angel, and other platforms. For
more information, contact your Pearson Education sales representative. Familial Health Traditions

Mental Health Assignment

Professional Development

• Write a 1000-word APA reflection essay of your experience with the Shadow Health virtual assignment(s). At least two scholarly sources in addition to your textbook should be utilized. Answers to the following questions may be included in your reflective essay:
  • What went well in your assessment?
  • What did not go so well? What will you change for your next assessment?
  • What findings did you uncover?
    

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  • What questions yielded the most information? Why do you think these were effective? Mental Health Assignment
  • What diagnostic tests would you order based on your findings?
  • What differential diagnoses are you currently considering?
  • What patient teaching were you able to complete? What additional patient teaching is needed?
  • Would you prescribe any medications at this point? Why or why not? If so, what?
  • How did your assessment demonstrate sound critical thinking and clinical decision making? Mental Health Assignment