Assignment : Health Promotion Proposal

Assignment : Health Promotion Proposal

Assignment has almost 7 pages completed…. It is to be completed . Around 3 pages more and complete the references and APA format.  Due in 3 hours. Attached documents…

Assignment 2: Course Project: Health Promotion Proposal

 

This week, you will complete the final project. Gather all of the previous weeks’ work and utilize the feedback from the facilitator to improve your paper. The final section of the paper will be an evaluation plan which will allow a comprehensive review of the outcomes of your project. Put all of the sections of your paper together into one document and make sure that each section flows well to the next. Assignment : Health Promotion Proposal

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Grading Criteria	Maximum Points
Describe a single health promotion/disease prevention problem.	10
Describe the target population and setting.	15
Describe how the selected problem applies to advanced practice in the student’s role option.	15
Provide an appropriate health promotion/disease prevention theoretical or conceptual framework.	30
Provide a review of literature related to interventions that address the problem.	30
Develop a research-based intervention to address the problem in the selected population/setting.	30
Description of intended outcomes.	15
Description of the evaluation plan to measure efficacy of the proposed intervention.	35
Use good writing skills, appropriate grammar, and application of APA formatting throughout paper, citations, and references.	20
Total:	200

Identification of Health Promotion/Disease Prevention Issue

A single health promotion/disease prevention issue that can find meaningful application from finding the much-needed redress is the issue of heart disease and stroke. These cardiovascular diseases contribute significantly to increased mortality and morbidity in the United States (US). According to statistics from the CDC (2015), the leading cause of fatalities in the US is heart disease, which takes the lives of approximately 610,000 individuals annually. The subtype of heart disease responsible for a majority of the deaths is coronary heart disease, which on its own claims 365,000 persons annually. Furthermore, in every minute, a person in the US dies from an event related to heart disease, a condition that costs the nation approximately $207 billion annually. Stroke is also a major cause of deaths in the nation, killing well over 130,000 citizens annually. Someone in the US dies from stroke every four minutes and in every 40 seconds; someone in the US gets a stroke. With these overwhelming statistics, it is evident that there is need for coming up with responsive interventions in order to improve the wellbeing of Americans and ensure positive health outcomes. Assignment : Health Promotion Proposal

Target Population and the Setting

The targeted population for the health promotion and disease prevention initiative are individuals aged over 18 years old in the local community. The initiative will target members of all genders, that is, both male and females. Apart from the heterogeneity in gender, the targeted population will also come from diverse demographics in terms of other aspects such as race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, religious orientation, physical ability, immigration status, nationality and sexual orientation. Noteworthy, the cardiovascular diseases including stroke and heart disease affect all members of the society irrespective of the aforementioned attributes. Therefore, it is essential to involve all these at-risk groups in the health promotion initiative. The setting for the intervention will be in the local community. In this setting, most individuals are highly susceptible to developing heart disease and stroke because of various factors. For instance, most of the targeted individuals have little awareness about disease processes, risk factors, symptoms and other important aspects related to heart disease and stroke. Furthermore, they also lack information on where they can access appropriate and patient-centered care should the need arise. Lack of this informational awareness increases the risk and susceptibility of individuals to acquiring the life threatening conditions. It is also important to mention that individuals in the targeted population lack financial empowerment because a majority comes from low socioeconomic status. This lack of financial resources further undermines their access to quality care should they require it. The levels of social and community support is also low, a factor that has the potential of undermining their wellbeing. Assignment : Health Promotion Proposal

How Selected Problem Applies to Advance Practice Role

The selected problem of heart disease and stroke directly applies to the advanced practice role. Nurses in advanced specialty roles have an obligation to initiate tailored interventions that have a positive influence on health outcomes some of these interventions include direct care of individual patients, development of health policy and management of care for individuals as well as populations. Heart disease and stroke pose significant challenges to individuals and populations. Therefore, the issue of heart disease and stroke finds immense relevance in the advanced practice role. The preparation of advanced practice nurses such as nurse practitioners coupled with their extensive clinical training enables them to provide a wide array of acute and preventive health care services to diverse individuals. Some aspects of NP responsibilities that find direct application in the case of heart disease and stroke include recommending appropriate therapies, engaging in health teaching/health promotion, referring patients to other health providers as needed and providing supportive counseling that emphasizes on health maintenance and prevention of illness. The educational preparation and vast clinical training of advanced practice nurses also mandates them to implement evidence-based guidelines, practices and interventions when dispensing their duties to populations of interest. This is especially true for NPs, whose role essentially revolves around the population foci. In order to address the heart disease and stroke issue, practitioners must implement interventions that have found efficacy and support among researchers in the field. Moreover, advanced practice nurses must work collaboratively with members of multidisciplinary teams in order to assure success of the planned interventions. This is indeed a requisite when working with the local community that is at high risk of becoming victims of stroke and heart disease. Apart from improving efficiency, the team-based approach pursued by nurses in advanced practice helps to improve quality of care received by patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, it is important to mention that in order to improve the success of the team, there must be clear roles and shared goals among all the members. Assignment : Health Promotion Proposal

Theoretical or Conceptual Framework

An appropriate theoretical framework for health promotion and disease prevention for the problem of stroke and heart disease is the Health Promotion Model (HPM) advocated by Nola Pender. The purpose of the HPM is assisting nurses in a variety of settings to understand the major health behavior determinants as a basis of counseling in order to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors. Although the model identifies some background factors that may influence behavior, its central focus is on eight beliefs that are vital points for nursing intervention. … contends that through using the model and working in collaboration with patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases, nurses can assist patients in changing their problem behaviors in order to enhance the quality of their lives. The theoretical framework also acknowledges that life experiences as well as individual characteristics shape health behaviors of persons and populations. Hence, experiences such as lack of informational awareness and can make people to overlook risk factors linked to stroke and heart disease, thereby making such individuals more susceptible to cardiovascular diseases. Individual experiences and characteristics fall under two broad categories. These include prior related behavior and personal factors such as psychological, biological and socio-cultural factors. To this end, the HPM acknowledges that characteristics such s age, race, personality structure, socioeconomic status and ethnicity can significantly influence health behaviors related to incidence of conditions such as heart disease and stroke. HPM has various assumptions and proposition underpinning its formulation. Apart from individual experiences and characteristics, other important components of Pender’s Health Promotion Model are behavior-=specific cognitions and behavior outcomes. Behavior-specific cognitions encompass perceived benefits of action, activity-related affect, perceived self-efficacy and perceived barriers to action. The cognitions also include interpersonal influences such as those stemming from peers, family and health care providers. Perceptions of role models concerning the behaviors, attitudes or beliefs concerning engagement in specific health behaviors can significantly provide motivation for engaging in similar behavior. Other behavior-specific cognitions as envisaged by the Health Promotion Model are situational influences, commitment to a plan of action as well as preferences and immediate competing demands. The other important component of the HPM is behavioral outcome, which essentially refers to the desired behavior outcomes. In the case of the selected topic of heart disease and stroke, the desired outcomes include increased understanding of the risk factors that make individuals more susceptible to developing the condition, an understanding that will consequently lead to engagement in health promoting behaviors to realize the desired outcomes. The HPM model has a number of propositions that can be essential for guaranteeing positive outcomes in the targeted population. The overbidding proposition is that acquired and inherited characteristics as well as prior behavior exhibited by the individuals influence beliefs related to enacting health promoting behaviors. The other proposition is that when individuals anticipate deriving benefits that re personally valued, then there is a higher probability that the personal will engage in this type of behavior that will produce the benefits. Moreover, Pender in her Health Promotion Model proposes that when individuals have higher self-efficacy, then the perceived barriers to action will subsequently reduce. The other important proposition advanced by the theoretical framework is that the probability of action and commitment increases when there is a greater association between positive emotions and the specific targeted behavior. Pender’s HPM framework can find meaningful application in dealing with the selected issues of heart disease and stroke. Through relying on the tenets of this model, it will be critical to emphasize on various issues such as improving the self-efficacy of the targeted populations, providing them with positive role models to reinforce behavior and ensuring that individuals have appropriate information for engaging health promotion behaviors. Assignment : Health Promotion Proposal

Review of Literature Related to Interventions

The main intervention strategy to employ within the targeted population will be providing health education/health teaching to ensure the members of the targeted population understand various aspects related to cardiovascular diseases and take the necessary actions to mitigate these risk factors. The rationale for choosing the health education intervention stems from the reality that most members of the targeted population lack the appropriate informational awareness on various aspects such as disease process, risk factors, symptoms and preventive measures that they can take to shield themselves from the incidence of these diseases. There are a number of empirical and theoretical studies exploring the issue of health education among patients afflicted with heart disease and stroke. Brown, Clarlk, Dalal et al. (2011) conducted a systematic review to ascertain the efficacy of patient education in addressing the needs of populations at risk of coronary heart disease. In their review, the researchers conducted their search from the Cochrane Library, (CDSR, CENTRAL, DARE, NHSEED, HTA), EMBASE (OVID), MEDLINE (OVID), EBSCO host and CINAHL (EBSCO host). The researchers also searched previous systematic reviews and reference lists of included studies. They did not apply any language restrictions in their search. In their selection criteria, the researchers included randomized control trials where the intent of primary intervention was education, studies published later than 1990, those with a minimum of six months follow-up and those dealing with adults diagnosed with coronary heart disease. Results from this study affirmed the efficacy of patient education among patients diagnosed with coronary heart diseases such as heart disease. Assignment : Health Promotion Proposal