Introduction Quality and Safety Education for Nurses

Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge, Third Edition drives comprehension through a variety of strategies geared toward meeting the learning needs of students, while also generating enthusiasm about the topic. This interactive approach addresses diverse learning styles, making this the ideal text to ensure mastery of key concepts. The pedagogical aids that appear in most chapters include the following:

NURSING INFORMATICS AND THE FOUNDATION OF KNOWLEDGE

THIRD EDITION

Dee McGonigle, PhD, RN, CNE, FAAN, ANEF Chair, Virtual Learning Environments and Professor, Graduate Programs

Chamberlain College of Nursing Member, Informatics and Technology Expert Panel (ITEP)

American Academy of Nursing Member, Serious Gaming and Virtual Environments Special Interest Group for the Society for Simulation in Healthcare (SSH)

ORDER A PLAGIARISM – FREE PAPER NOW

Kathleen Mastrian, PhD, RN Associate Professor and Program Coordinator for Nursing

Pennsylvania State University, Shenango Sr. Managing Editor, Online Journal of Nursing Informatics (OJNI) Introduction Quality and Safety Education for Nurses

World Headquarters Jones & Bartlett Learning 5 Wall Street Burlington, MA 01803 978-443-5000 info@jblearning.com www.jblearning.com

Jones & Bartlett Learning books and products are available through most bookstores and online booksellers. To contact Jones & Bartlett Learning directly, call 800-832-0034, fax 978-443-8000, or visit our website, www.jblearning.com.

Substantial discounts on bulk quantities of Jones & Bartlett Learning publications are available to corporations, professional associations, and other qualified organizations. For details and specific discount information, contact the special sales department at Jones & Bartlett Learning via the above contact information or send an email to specialsales@jblearning.com.

Copyright © 2015 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company

All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.

The content, statements, views, and opinions herein are the sole expression of the respective authors and not that of Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement or recommendation by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC and such reference shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. All trademarks displayed are the trademarks of the parties noted herein. Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge, Third Edition is an independent publication and has not been authorized, sponsored, or otherwise approved by the owners of the trademarks or service marks referenced in this product.

There may be images in this book that feature models; these models do not necessarily endorse, represent, or participate in the activities represented in the images. Any screenshots in this product are for educational and instructive purposes only. Any individuals and scenarios featured in the case studies throughout this product may be real or fictitious, but are used for instructional purposes only Introduction Quality and Safety Education for Nurses.

The authors, editor, and publisher have made every effort to provide accurate information. However, they are not responsible for errors, omissions, or for any outcomes related to the use of the contents of this book and take no responsibility for the use of the products and procedures described. Treatments and side effects described in this book may not be applicable to all people; likewise, some people may require a dose or experience a side effect that is not described herein. Drugs and medical devices are discussed that may have limited availability controlled by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use only in a research study or clinical trial. Research, clinical practice, and government regulations often change the accepted standard in this field. When consideration is being given to use of any drug in the clinical setting, the health care provider or reader is responsible for determining FDA status of the drug, reading the package insert, and reviewing prescribing information for the most up-to-date recommendations on dose, precautions, and contraindications, and determining the appropriate usage for the product. This is especially important in the case of drugs that are new or seldom used.

Production Credits Executive Publisher: William Brottmiller Senior Editor: Amanda Martin Editorial Assistant: Rebecca Myrick Production Editor: Keith Henry Senior Marketing Manager: Jennifer Stiles Photo Research and Permissions Coordinator: Joe Veiga VP, Manufacturing and Inventory Control: Therese Connell Composition: diacriTech Cover Design: Kristin E. Parker Cover Image: (top) © antishock/ShutterStock, Inc., (bottom) © James Daniels/ShutterStock, Inc. Printing and Binding: Edwards Brothers Malloy Cover Printing: Edwards Brothers Malloy

To order this product, use ISBN: 978-1-284-04351-8

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge / [edited by] Dee McGonigle, Kathleen Mastrian.—3e.

p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-284-04158-3 (paperback) I. McGonigle, Dee, editor of compilation. II. Mastrian, Kathleen Garver, editor of compilation. [DNLM: 1. Nursing Informatics. 2. Knowledge. WY 26.5] RT50.5 651.5’04261—dc23 Introduction Quality and Safety Education for Nurses

2013046566

6048

Printed in the United States of America 18 17 16 15 14 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

 

 

Special Acknowledgments We want to express our sincere appreciation to the staff at Jones & Bartlett Learning, especially Amanda, Becky, and Keith, for their continued encouragement, assistance, and support during the writing process and publication of our book.

 

 

Contents

Preface Acknowledgments Authors’ Note Contributors

SECTION I: BUILDING BLOCKS OF NURSING INFORMATICS

1 Nursing Science and the Foundation of Knowledge Kathleen Mastrian and Dee McGonigle

Introduction Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Summary References

2 Introduction to Information, Information Science, and Information Systems Dee McGonigle and Kathleen Mastrian

Introduction Information Information Science Information Processing Information Science and the Foundation of Knowledge Introduction to Information Systems Information Systems Summary References

3 Computer Science and the Foundation of Knowledge Model June Kaminski

Introduction The Computer as a Tool for Managing Information and Generating Knowledge Components What Is the Relationship of Computer Science to Knowledge? How Does the Computer Support Collaboration and Information Exchange? What Is the Human–Technology Interface? Looking to the Future Summary Working Wisdom Application Scenario Internet and Software Resources References

4 Introduction to Cognitive Science and Cognitive Informatics Dee McGonigle and Kathleen Mastrian

Introduction Cognitive Science Sources of Knowledge Nature of Knowledge How Knowledge and Wisdom Are Used in Decision Making Cognitive Informatics CI and Nursing Practice What Is AI? Summary References Introduction Quality and Safety Education for Nurses

5 Ethical Applications of Informatics Kathleen Mastrian, Dee McGonigle, and Nedra Farcus

Introduction Ethics Bioethics Ethical Issues and Social Media Ethical Dilemmas and Morals Ethical Decision Making Theoretical Approaches to Healthcare Ethics Applying Ethics to Informatics Case Analysis Demonstration New Frontiers in Ethical Issues Summary References

SECTION II: PERSPECTIVES ON NURSING INFORMATICS

6 Overview of Nursing Informatics Ramona Nelson and Nancy Staggers

Introduction Metastructures, Concepts, and Tools of NI The Future of NI Summary References

7 Informatics Roles and the Knowledge Work of Nursing Julie A. Kenney and Ida Androwich

Introduction The Nurse as a Knowledge Worker The Knowledge Needs and Competencies of Nurses What Is Nursing Informatics Specialty Practice? The Future of Nursing Informatics Summary References

8 Information and Knowledge Needs of Nurses in the 21st Century Lynn M. Nagle, Nicholas Hardiker, Kathleen Mastrian, and Dee McGonigle

Introduction Definition and Goal of Informatics Health Information Technologies Impacting Nursing Nurses Creating and Deriving New Knowledge Generating Nursing Knowledge Challenges in Getting There The Future Summary References

9 Legislative Aspects of Nursing Informatics: HITECH and HIPAA Kathleen M. Gialanella, Kathleen Mastrian, and Dee McGonigle

Introduction Overview of the HITECH Act How a National HIT Infrastructure Is Being Developed How the HITECH Act Changed HIPAA Implications for Nursing Practice Summary References

SECTION III: NURSING INFORMATICS ADMINISTRATIVE APPLICATIONS: PRECARE AND CARE SUPPORT

10 Systems Development Life Cycle: Nursing Informatics and Organizational Decision Making Dee McGonigle and Kathleen Mastrian Introduction Waterfall Model Rapid Prototyping or Rapid Application Development Introduction Quality and Safety Education for Nurses

Object-Oriented Systems Development Dynamic System Development Method Computer-Aided Software Engineering Tools Open Source Software and Free/Open Source Software Interoperability Summary References

11 Administrative Information Systems Marianela Zytkowski, Susan Paschke, Dee McGonigle, and Kathleen Mastrian Introduction Types of Healthcare Organization Information Systems Communication Systems Core Business Systems Order Entry Systems Patient Care Support Systems Department Collaboration and Exchange of Knowledge and Information Summary References

12 The Human–Technology Interface Judith A. Effken, Dee McGonigle, and Kathleen Mastrian Introduction The Human–Technology Interface The Human–Technology Interface Problem Improving the Human–Technology Interface A Framework for Evaluation Future of the Human–Technology Interface Summary References

13 Electronic Security Lisa Reeves Bertin, Dee McGonigle, and Kathleen Mastrian Introduction Securing Network Information Authentication of Users Threats to Security Security Tools Off-Site Use of Portable Devices Summary References

14 Nursing Informatics: Improving Workflow and Meaningful Use Denise Hammel-Jones, Dee McGonigle, and Kathleen Mastrian Introduction Workflow Analysis Purpose Workflow and Technology Workflow Analysis and Informatics Practice Informatics as a Change Agent Measuring the Results Future Directions Summary References

SECTION IV: NURSING INFORMATICS PRACTICE APPLICATIONS: CARE DELIVERY

15 The Electronic Health Record and Clinical Informatics Emily B. Barey, Kathleen Mastrian, and Dee McGonigle Introduction Setting the Stage Components of Electronic Health Records Advantages of Electronic Health Records Ownership of Electronic Health Records Flexibility and Expandability The Future Summary References Introduction Quality and Safety Education for Nurses

 

 

16 Informatics Tools to Promote Patient Safety and Clinical Outcomes Kathleen Mastrian and Dee McGonigle Introduction What Is a Culture of Safety? Strategies for Developing a Safety Culture Informatics Technologies for Patient Safety Role of the Nurse Informaticist Summary References

17 Supporting Consumer Information and Education Needs Kathleen Mastrian and Dee McGonigle Introduction Consumer Demand for Information Health Literacy and Health Initiatives Healthcare Organization Approaches to Education Promoting Health Literacy in School-Aged Children Supporting Use of the Internet for Health Education Future Directions Summary References

18 Using Informatics to Promote Community/Population Health Margaret Ross Kraft, Ida Androwich, Kathleen Mastrian, and Dee McGonigle Introduction Core Public Health Functions Community Health Risk Assessment: Tools for Acquiring Knowledge Processing Knowledge and Information to Support Epidemiology and Monitoring Disease Outbreaks Applying Knowledge to Health Disaster Planning and Preparation Informatics Tools to Support Communication and Dissemination Using Feedback to Improve Responses and Promote Readiness Summary References

19 Telenursing and Remote Access Telehealth Original contribution by Audrey Kinsella, Kathleen Albright, Sheldon Prial, and Schuyler F. Hoss; revised by Kathleen Mastrian and Dee McGonigle Introduction History of Telehealth Nursing Aspects of Telehealth Driving Forces for Telehealth Telehealth Care Telenursing Telehealth Patient Populations Tools of Home Telehealth Home Telehealth Software Home Telehealth Practice and Protocols Legal, Ethical, and Regulatory Issues A Day in the Life of a Home Telenurse The Patient’s Role in Telehealth Telehealth Research The Foundation of Knowledge Model and Home Telehealth Parting Thoughts for the Future and a View Toward What the Future Holds Summary References

SECTION V: EDUCATION APPLICATIONS OF NURSING INFORMATICS

20 Nursing Informatics and Nursing Education Heather E. McKinney, Sylvia DeSantis, Dee McGonigle, and Kathleen Mastrian Introduction: Nursing Education and the Foundation of Knowledge Model Knowledge Acquisition and Sharing Hardware and Software Considerations Delivery Modalities Technology Tools Internet Tools: Webcasts, Searching, Instant Messaging, Chats and Online Discussions, Electronic Mailing Lists, and Portals Promoting Active and Collaborative Learning Introduction Quality and Safety Education for Nurses

Knowledge Assessment Methods Knowledge Dissemination and Sharing The Future Exploring Information Fair Use and Copyright Restrictions Summary References

21 Simulation in Nursing Informatics Education Nickolaus Miehl Introduction Nursing Informatics Competencies in Nursing Education A Case for Simulation Incorporating EHRs into the Learning Environment Challenges and Opportunities What Does the Future Hold? Summary References

22 Games, Simulations, and Virtual Worlds for Educators Brett Bixler Introduction Case Scenario Educational Games Educational Simulations Virtual Worlds Choosing Among Educational Games, Simulations, and Virtual Worlds The Future of Games, Virtual Worlds, and Simulations Summary References

SECTION VI: NURSING INFORMATICS: RESEARCH APPLICATIONS

23 Research: Data Collection, Processing, and Analysis Heather E. McKinney, Sylvia DeSantis, Kathleen Mastrian, and Dee McGonigle Introduction: Nursing Research and the Foundation of Knowledge Model Knowledge Generation Through Nursing Research Acquiring Previously Gained Knowledge Through Internet and Library Holdings Fair Use of Information and Sharing Informatics Tools for Collecting Data and Storage of Information Tools for Processing Data and Data Analysis The Future Summary References

24 Data Mining as a Research Tool Dee McGonigle and Kathleen Mastrian Introduction: Big Data, Data Mining, and Knowledge Discovery KDD and Research Data Mining Concepts Data Mining Techniques Data Mining Models Benefits of KDD Ethics of Data Mining Summary References

25 Translational Research: Generating Evidence for Practice Jennifer Bredemeyer and Ida Androwich Introduction Clarification of Terms History of Evidence-Based Practice Evidence Bridging the Gap Between Research and Practice Barriers to and Facilitators of Evidence-Based Practice The Role of Informatics Developing EBP Guidelines Meta-Analysis and Generation of Knowledge Introduction Quality and Safety Education for Nurses