Computational Practice

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A retrospective comparative study examining the presence of candiduria (presence of Candida species in the urine) among 97 adults with a spinal cord injury is presented as an additional example. The differences in the use of antibiotics were investigated with the Pearson χ2 test (Goetz, Howard, Cipher, & Revankar, 2010). These data are presented in Table 35-2 as a contingency table.

TABLE 35-2

CANDIDURIA AND ANTIBIOTIC USE IN ADULTS WITH SPINAL CORD INJURIES

 Candiduria  No Candiduria   Totals

Antibiotic use 15 43 58
No antibiotic use 0 39 39
Totals 15 82 97
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Name: ___________________________________________ Class: _________

Date: _______________________________________________________________________

Follow your instructor’s directions to submit your answers to the following questions for grading. Your instructor may ask you to write your answers below and submit them as a hard copy for grading. Alternatively, your instructor may ask you to use the space below for notes and submit your answers.

  1. Do the example data in Table 35-2 meet the assumptions for the Pearson χ2 test? Provide a rationale for your answer.
  2. Compute the χ2 test. What is the χ2 value?
  3. Is the χ2 significant at α = 0.05? Specify how you arrived at your answer.
  4. If using SPSS, what is the exact likelihood of obtaining the χ2 value at least as extreme as or as close to the one that was actually observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true?

420

  1. Using the numbers in the contingency table, calculate the percentage of antibiotic users who tested positive for candiduria.
  2. Using the numbers in the contingency table, calculate the percentage of non-antibiotic users who tested positive for candiduria.
  3. Using the numbers in the contingency table, calculate the percentage of veterans with candiduria who had a history of antibiotic use.
  4. Using the numbers in the contingency table, calculate the percentage of veterans with candiduria who had no history of antibiotic use.
  5. Write your interpretation of the results as you would in an APA-formatted journal.
  6. Was the sample size adequate to detect differences between the two groups in this example? Provide a rationale for your answer.

(Grove 409-420)

Grove, Susan K., Daisha Cipher. Statistics for Nursing Research: A Workbook for Evidence-Based Practice, 2nd Edition. Saunders, 022016. VitalBook file.

The citation provided is a guideline. Please check each citation for accuracy before use.

Need answers of questions to be graded at the end of each exercise.