Medical Ethics Assignment Essay

Develop a solution to a specific ethical dilemma faced by a health care professional by applying ethical principles. Describe the issues and a possible solution in a 3-5-page paper.

Introduction

Whether you are a nurse, a public health professional, a health care administrator, or in another role in the health care field, you must base your decisions on a set of ethical principles and values. Your decisions must be fair, equitable, and defensible. Each discipline has established a professional code of ethics to guide ethical behavior. In this assessment, you will practice working through an ethical dilemma as described in a case study. Your practice will help you develop a method for formulating ethical decisions. Medical Ethics Assignment Essay

Demonstration of Proficiency

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:

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• Competency 1: Apply information literacy and library research skills to obtain scholarly information in the field of health care.
  • Apply academic peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to an ethical problem or issue as evidence to support an analysis of the case.
• Competency 3: Apply ethical principles and academic standards to the study of health care.
  • Summarize the facts in a case study and use the three components of an ethical decision-making model to analyze an ethical problem or issue and the factors that contributed to it.
  • Discuss the effectiveness of the communication approaches present in a case study.
  • Discuss the effectiveness of the approach used by a professional to deal with problems or issues involving ethical practice in a case study.
  • Apply ethical principles to a possible solution to an ethical problem or issue described in a case study.
• Competency 4: Write for a specific audience, in appropriate tone and style, in accordance with Capella’s writing standards.
  • Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
  • Write following APA style for in-text citations, quotes, and references.

Instructions

Note: The requirements outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. At a minimum, be sure to address each point. In addition, you are encouraged to review the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed.

For this assessment, develop a solution to a specific ethical dilemma faced by a health care professional. In your assessment:

1. Access the Ethical Case Studies media piece to review the case studies you will be using for this assessment.
   • Select the case most closely related to your area of interest and use it to complete the assessment.
     • Note: The case study may not supply all of the information you need. In such cases, you should consider a variety of possibilities and infer potential conclusions. However, please be sure to identify any assumptions or speculations you make.
   • Include the selected case study in your reference list, using proper APA Style and Format.
2. Summarize the facts in a case study and use the three components of an ethical decision-making model to analyze an ethical problem or issue and the factors that contributed to it.
   • Identify which case study you selected and briefly summarize the facts surrounding it. Identify the problem or issue that presents an ethical dilemma or challenge and describe that dilemma or challenge.
   • Identify who is involved or affected by the ethical problem or issue.
   • Access the Ethical Decision-Making Model media piece and use the three components of the ethical decision-making model (moral awareness, moral judgment, and ethical behavior) to analyze the ethical issues. Medical Ethics Assignment Essay
     • Apply the three components outlined in the Ethical Decision-Making Model media.
   • Analyze the factors that contributed to the ethical problem or issue identified in the case study.
     • Describe the factors that contributed to the problem or issue and explain how they contributed.
3. Apply academic peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to an ethical problem or issue as evidence to support an analysis of the case.
   • In addition to the readings provided, use the Capella library to locate at least one academic peer-reviewed journal article relevant to the problem or issue that you can use to support your analysis of the situation. The How Do I Find Peer-Reviewed Articles? library guide will help you locate appropriate references.
     • Cite and apply key principles from the journal article as evidence to support your critical thinking and analysis of the ethical problem or issue.
     • Review the Think Critically About Source Quality resource.
       • Assess the credibility of the information source.
       • Assess the relevance of the information source.
4. Discuss the effectiveness of the communication approaches present in a case study.
   • Describe how the health care professional in the case study communicated with others.
   • Assess instances where the professional communicated effectively or ineffectively.
   • Explain which communication approaches should be used and which ones should be avoided.
   • Describe the consequences of using effective and non-effective communication approaches.
5. Discuss the effectiveness of the approach used by a professional to deal with problems or issues involving ethical practice in a case study.
   • Describe the actions taken in response to the ethical dilemma or issue presented in the case study.
   • Summarize how well the professional managed professional responsibilities and priorities to resolve the problem or issue in the case.
   • Discuss the key lessons this case provides for health care professionals.
6. Apply ethical principles to a possible solution to an ethical problem or issue described in a case study.
   • Describe the proposed solution.
   • Discuss how the approach makes this professional more effective or less effective in building relationships across disciplines within his or her organization.
   • Discuss how likely it is the proposed solution will foster professional collaboration.
7. Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
   • Apply the principles of effective composition.
   • Determine the proper application of the rules of grammar and mechanics.
8. Write using APA style for in-text citations, quotes, and references.
   • Determine the proper application of APA formatting requirements and scholarly writing standards.
   • Integrate information from outside sources into academic writing by appropriately quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing, following APA style.

Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like:

• Assessment 1 Example [PDF].

Additional Requirements

Your assessment should also meet the following requirements:

• Length: 3–5 typed, double-spaced pages, not including the title page and reference page.
• Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.
• APA template: Use the APA Style Paper Template [DOCX] as the paper format and use the APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOCX] for guidance.
• Written communication: Use correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
• References: Integrate information from outside sources to include at least two references (the case study and an academic peer-reviewed journal article) and three in-text citations within the paper.
• APA format: Follow current APA guidelines for in-text citation of outside sources in the body of your paper and also on the reference page.

If you would like assistance in organizing your assessment, or if you simply have a question about your assessment, do not hesitate to ask faculty or the teaching assistants in the NHS Learner Success Lab for guidance and suggestions. Medical Ethics Assignment Essay

case study

Jenna and Chris Smith are the proud parents of Ana, a 5–day–old baby girl born without complications at Community Hospital. Since delivery, the parents have bonded well with Ana and express their desire to raise her as naturally as possible. For the Smiths, this means breastfeeding exclusively for the first six months, making their own baby food using pureed organic foods, and not allowing Ana to be vaccinated.

The Smiths are college educated and explain they have researched vaccines and decided the potential harms caused by them far outweigh any benefits. They point to the rise in autism rates as proof of the unforeseen risk of vaccines. Their new pediatrician, Dr. Angela Kerr, listens intently to the Smiths’ description of their research, including online mommy–blogs that detail how vaccines may have caused autism in many children. The Smiths conclude by resolutely stating they’ve decided not to vaccinate Ana, despite the recommendations of the medical community.

Dr. Kerr begins by stating that while vaccines have certainly sparked controversy in recent years, she strongly recommends that Ana become fully vaccinated. Dr. Kerr explains that vaccines have saved the lives of millions of children worldwide and have been largely responsible for decreases in child mortality over the past century. For example, the decreased incidence of infection with the potentially fatal Haemophilus influenzae type b, has resulted from routine immunization against that bacterium. Similarly, epidemics such as the recent outbreak of measles are usually associated with individuals who have not been vaccinated against that pathogen.

Dr. Kerr goes on to endorse the general safety of vaccines by informing Ana’s parents that safety profiles of vaccines are updated regularly through data sources such as the federal government’s Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). The VAERS, a nationwide vaccine safety surveillance program sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is accessible to the public at https://vaers.hhs.gov/index. This system allows transparency for vaccine safety by encouraging the public and healthcare providers to report adverse reactions to vaccines and enables the federal government to monitor their safety. No vaccine has been proven casual for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or any developmental disorder. On the contrary, many studies have shown that vaccines containing thimerasol, an ingredient once thought to cause autism, do not increase the risk of ASD. Medical Ethics Assignment Essay

Finally, Dr. Kerr reminds the Smiths that some children in the general population have weakened immune systems because of genetic diseases or cancer treatment, for example. It may not be medically feasible to vaccinate such children. Other children are too young to receive certain immunizations. Instead, these children are protected because almost all other children (and adults) have been vaccinated and this decreases their exposure to vaccine–preventable illnesses (VPIs). This epidemiological concept is known as “herd immunity.” As more parents refuse immunization for their healthy children, however, the rate of VPIs will increase. This puts vulnerable children at significant risk of morbidity and mortality. Routine childhood immunization contributes significantly to the health of the general public, both by providing a direct benefit to those who are vaccinated and by protecting others via herd immunity. Dr. Kerr concludes by stating that after considering the risks versus the benefits of immunization, most states require vaccinations before children can attend school. Parents may decide not to vaccinate under specific circumstances, however, which vary by state.

Jenna and Chris Smith confirm their understanding of what Dr. Kerr has explained, but restate that they do not want Ana vaccinated at this time. Dr. Kerr is perplexed as to what to do. Medical Ethics Assignment Essay

Policy Making And Community Health Advocacy

Policy Making and Community Health Advocacy
It is very important that community health nurses provide not only input to policy
circles through advocacy but also leadership at decision-making tables. The
community health nurse is reviewing an online in-service program on the
importance of this role in providing an essential influence and unique perspective in
health care.

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1. Seasoned advocates have developed skills in influencing policy decisions.
Some individuals use the “ten commandments of lobbying.” What are the
basic ideas that are inherent to advocates?
2. The community health nurse needs to know something about the forces
shaping health policy and the policy process in order to be in a better
position to influence policy outcomes. What are the three components of
Kingdon’s framework for policy analysis? Policy Making And Community Health Advocacy

NUR4636 – Community Health Nursing
Case Study
Chapter 9
Environmental Health and Safety
Nurses are charged to incorporate knowledge of the environment into their nursing
practice. Nurses are essential to improve environmental health through nursing
education, research, and practice. A public health nurse incorporates an “upstream”
focus in the community health position working with the community population. The
community health nurse must consider the precautionary principle in the upstream
focus. The nurse has to consider how the core functions of public health will be
applied. Environmental Health And Safety

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1. What strategic actions does the community health nurse need to consider as
part of the upstream framework?
2. The community health nurse is using the precautionary principle in the
upstream framework in the community. What is the precautionary principle
and how is it applied to public health and the core functions?
3. The core functions of public health can be applied to public health nursing.
What are the core functions of public health?

Health Promotion: Achieving Change Through Education

NUR4636 – Community Health Nursing
Case Study
Chapter 11
Health Promotion: Achieving Change Through Education
The community health nurse is preparing a smoking cessation program to be
presented at the local high school for individuals who are thinking about quitting
smoking. The community health nurse is identifying appropriate education activities
that include the three domains of learning and the three stages of change.
1. The community health nurse has to consider the three stages of change in
considering individual reasons to stop smoking. What are the three stages of
change?

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2. Planned or managed change is a purposeful, designed effort to effect
improvement such as smoking cessation with the help of a change agent who
is the community health nurse. What are the eight steps of planned change
that the community health nurse needs to consider?
3. The community health nurse understands that encompassing strategies are
the critical change strategies to consider in planning the health education
program. What are the three major change strategies that must be
considered by the community health nurse?
4. The community health nurse understands that the nature of learning
contributes to the effectiveness of teaching on smoking cessation. The nurse
needs to include the three domains of learning in the presentation. What are
the three learning domains that must be considered in planning the
education program? Health Promotion: Achieving Change Through Education

NUR4636 – Community Health Nursing
Case Study
Chapter 20
Violence Affecting Families
Crisis is a temporary state of severe disequilibrium for persons who face a
threatening situation. The community health nurse has been requested to follow up
on domestic violence cases as part of the workload. The student nurse is
accompanying the community health nurse on the visits. The community health
nurse is assessing the student nurse’s current understanding of violence affecting
families by asking some theoretical questions concerning this critical issue.
1. The student nurse shares with the community health nurse that a crisis is a
state that individuals can neither avoid nor solve with their usual coping
abilities and occurs when some force disrupts normal functioning, thereby
causing a loss of balance or normalcy in life. Crises create tension;
subsequently, efforts are made to solve the problem and reduce the tension.
The community health nurse asks the student nurse to identify and describe
the two main types of crisis. What is a brief description of the two types of
crisis? Violence Affecting Families

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2. The community health nurse has to follow up on an abuse case involving a
child and adolescent. The community health nurse asks the student nurse
what are the ages that child abuse occurs and how is shaken baby syndrome
or Munchausen syndrome diagnosed?
3. Community health nurses use three levels of prevention when working with
families. What type of focus is involved in the three levels of prevention?
4. People in crisis need and often seek help. Crisis intervention builds on these
two phenomena to achieve its primary goal—reestablishment of equilibrium.
What are the two major methods with a brief description of crisis
intervention? Violence Affecting Families