Comorbidities Associated With Prematurity

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When a baby is born, one of the first concerns is their weight. A baby with an extremely low birth weight (ELBW) alerts the physician to a possible problem. The extremely low birth weight infants are those born with less than 1,500g (James, Wood, Nair, & Williams, 2018). According to Robbins, Hutchings, Dietz, Kuklina, & Callaghan (2014), about 40% of babies born with extremely low birth weight end up with a fairly significant disease. The diseases are cerebral palsy, mental retardation, blindness in both eyes, hearing loss, significant chronic disease that requires special medication, and often frequent hospitalization. Getting prenatal care before and during pregnancy ensures the well-being of the mother and a healthy baby.

Effect of Extremely Low Birth Weight Babies on Family and Community

Babies born with extremely low birth weight have various health and developmental complications. The birth of a baby with ELBW can result in substantial emotional and economic costs to the families. Also, the public sector services can be strained as a result. These services include social support systems, educational, and health insurance services. In the short term, the babies may require life support in the neonatal care unit because readmission risk is high. Often, the babies have immature brains and respiratory distress that will need ventilators.

Premature babies may have long-term impacts like poor health and growth, mental retardation, visual and hearing impairments, and cerebral palsy. The majority of the babies will have issues relating to breathing and feeding. The more premature the baby is, the system in the baby is premature. They will therefore have unique and life-threatening problems with each one of those systems. The babies born premature may exhibit learning difficulties, high risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, high risk of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder, socioemotional and behavioral problems. The loss of an infant is a demoralizing experience for a family.

There are significant disparities in premature and low birth weights of infants. Minority groups, the marginalized, and the poor are at a greater risk of premature and extremely low birth weight. An example of the disparities among minority populations is native Americans and African Americans to non-Hispanic white births. According to Martin, Hamilton, Osterman, and Driscoll (2019), the preterm birth rate was 10.23 in 2019. In the same year, the preterm birth rate for non-Hispanic black mothers was 14.39% as compared to 8.72% of non-Hispanic Asian mothers and 11.51% for the Hispanic subgroups. Infants born of mothers of low socioeconomic rank are more likely to be born prematurely. African Americans are at a higher risk due to a higher population of low socioeconomic status. Comorbidities Associated With Prematurity

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Prematurity is associated with increased risks for developmental delay, vision problems, hearing problems, and family stress. To assist with the problem of preterm infants in both families and the community, several measures can be implemented. Health care service providers. A developmental screening can be conducted using evidence-based tools at 9,18, and 30 months. In addition, a general screening should be done at every visit. The primary caregiver should also schedule other visits as required. For the preterm babies, the milestones should be closely monitored. A careful check of movement and tone abnormalities. The examination of the infants should focus on milestones, hypertonia, hypotonia, reflexes, abnormal movements, and postures. Healthcare practitioners can adopt a socially suitable structure for the diverse patient population. The health care workers and the general public can be educated on the effect of preterm delivery and extremely low birth weight as issues in public health. To reduce disparities, healthier physical and social environments should be promoted. Comorbidities Associated With Prematurity

References

James, E., Wood, C. L., Nair, H., & Williams, T. C. (2018). Preterm Birth and The Timing of Puberty: A Systematic Review. BMC Pediatrics, 18(1), 1-12.

Using 200-300 words APA format supporting the post with references in  discussions. Comorbidities Associated With Prematurity

Treatment Of Sleep/Wake Disorders Essay

PLEASE FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS BELOW

4 REFERENCE

ZERO PLAGIARISM

TOPIC:Non–Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal Disorders

The power of sleep to heal the body cannot be underestimated. Most research indicates that 7–8 hours of sleep are a minimum that people need to stay healthy. Clients who come to the PMHNP’s office frequently complain of sleep problems. It is estimated that 10–20% of patients report some type of sleeping problem. Treatment Of Sleep/Wake Disorders Essay

In this Discussion, you will analyze the diagnostic criteria and evidence-based psychotherapy and psychopharmacologic treatment for sleep/wake disorders.

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Learning Objectives

Students will:

• Analyze diagnostic criteria for sleep/wake disorders
• Analyze evidence-based psychotherapy and psychopharmacologic treatment for sleep/wake disorders
• Analyze criteria for referring clients to primary care physicians for treatment of sleep/wake disorders
• Compare differential diagnostic features of sleep/wake disorders

Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking Submit!

To prepare for this Discussion:

• By Day 5 of Week 9, your Instructor will have assigned you a sleep/wake disorder, which will be the focus of your original post for this Discussion.
• Review the Learning Resources. Treatment Of Sleep/Wake Disorders Essay

By Day 3

Post:

• Explain the diagnostic criteria for your assigned sleep/wake disorder.
• Explain the evidenced-based psychotherapy and psychopharmacologic treatment for your assigned sleep/wake disorder.
• Describe at what point you would refer the client to their primary care physician for an additional referral to a neurologist, pulmonologist, or physician specializing in sleep disorders and explain why.
• Support your rationale with references to the Learning Resources or other academic resource.

By Day 6

Treatment Of Sleep/Wake Disorders Essay

Psychopharmacologic Approaches To Treatment Of Psychopathology

Examine Case 3: You will be asked to make three decisions concerning the diagnosis and treatment for this client. Be sure to consider co-morbid physical as well as mental factors that might impact the client’s diagnosis and treatment.

At each Decision Point, stop to complete the following:

• Decision #1: Differential Diagnosis
  • Which Decision did you select?
  • Why did you select this Decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
  • What were you hoping to achieve by making this Decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
  • Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #1 and the results of the Decision. Why were they different?
    

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• Decision #2: Treatment Plan for Psychotherapy

  • Why did you select this Decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
  • What were you hoping to achieve by making this Decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
  • Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #2 and the results of the Decision. Why were they different? Psychopharmacologic Approaches To Treatment Of Psychopathology
• Decision #3: Treatment Plan for Psychopharmacology
  • Why did you select this Decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
  • What were you hoping to achieve by making this Decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
  • Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #3 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
• Also include how ethical considerations might impact your treatment plan and communication with clients and their family.

Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2014). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

and 2 or more academic resoursces/ references

Psychopharmacologic Approaches To Treatment Of Psychopathology

Discussion Question – Differential Diagnosis

Discussion Prompt

Discuss the differential diagnosis (DD) process. Identify 3 different DD processes used in clinical practice.  Describe the risks/benefits of these 3 processes.

Responses to students should include an example of when the student identifies one of the differential diagnosis processes used in the clinical setting.

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It is crucial to appropriately utilize APA 7th ed. All assignments; group work discussions and responses require accurate and appropriate APA citations. It is recommended to use nursing literature, medical literature and ancillary research in other disciplines as necessary. Current citations are required.

When possible evidence based literature and primary sources that are up to date and are most desirable. Works such as WebMD and the patient “self-help” resources are not appropriate for graduate discussions. Discussion Question – Differential Diagnosis

Expectations

Initial Post:

• Due: Thursday, 11:59 pm PT
• Length: A minimum of 250 words, not including references
• Citations: At least one high-level scholarly reference in APA from within the last 5 years

Peer Responses:

• Due: Saturday, 11:59 pm PT
• Number: A Minimum of 2 to Peer Posts, at least one on a different day than the main post
• Length: A minimum of 150 words per post, not including references
• Citations: At least one high-level scholarly reference in APA per post from within the last 5 years

Discussion: Respond to Posts in Your Own Thread

See USU NUR APA Discussion Rubric for additional details and point weighting.

Discussion Question – Differential Diagnosis

Pulmonary Edema Discussion Essay

Competency

Explain care for the client with lower respiratory disorders.

Instructions

Read the scenarios below and answer the questions. If you use sources, site them using APA format. Pulmonary Edema Discussion Essay

Case # 1

An elderly woman comes into the ER with severe dehydration after spending the day at the beach. The client is weak and feels like she is going to faint. An IV is started, and the RN hangs 0.9% Normal Saline. There are no IV pumps available. The client begins to feel better after 500 mL’s are infused, and the rest of the IV bag is infused. The client begins to have difficulty breathing. Auscultation of the lungs reveals crackles to ½ of the lower lung fields. The provider diagnoses pulmonary edema, and the client is treated with Lasix. She is stabilized but needs to be admitted to the ICU.

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Question # 1: What nursing action could have prevented the client from having pulmonary edema? (5-10 sentences)

Question # 2: What makes this client at risk for pulmonary edema? (5-10 sentences)

Case # 2 

A 22-year-old special-needs client comes to the ER with fever and difficulty breathing. The client weighs 66 LBS. The client is admitted with pneumonia and IV fluids, antibiotics, and respiratory treatments are started. The client is dehydrated, so she receives several bags of IV fluids over three days. On the third day, the client has worsening shortness of breath, and an X-ray is ordered which shows pulmonary edema. An echocardiogram is ordered. It shows normal cardiac function. The client is given Lasix, and the shortness of breath resolves. Pulmonary Edema Discussion Essay

Question # 3: How did the client’s size (body weight) put her at risk for pulmonary edema? (5-10 sentences)

Question # 4: How could pulmonary edema have been prevented in this client? (5-10 sentences)

Case # 3

A 32-year-old male with a history of cardiomyopathy is admitted to the medical-surgical floor with a diagnosis of flu. The client has a high fever and receives multiple bags of 0.9%NS. One day into the admission the client develops severe shortness of breath. An X-ray shows pulmonary edema.

Question # 5: What puts this client at risk for pulmonary edema? (5-10 sentences)

Format

• Standard American English (correct grammar, punctuation, etc.)
• Logical, original, and insightful
• Professional organization, style, and mechanics in APA format
• Submit document through Grammarly to correct errors before submission.

Pulmonary Edema Discussion Essay