DHHS WEBSITE:   https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/index.html

Consents for treatment, payment, and release of records are routine components of health care delivery of services, and nurses should be familiar with the role of these types of consent in their daily work. The information in this unit presents considerations for consents for participation in research and more detailed considerations for the protection of vulnerable populations, such as minors, inmates, pregnant women, institutionalized individuals and so on.

Review the U.S Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Web site regarding HIPAA and other regulations pertinent to health information privacy. Review the information for covered entities (include provider organizations and clinicians).

For this discussion, you will:

• Discuss two key differences between consents that might be seen in your own workplace on a routine basis and the specific consent process required in research studies involving human participants.
• Conclude your post with new information that you have earned about research protocols, protection of vulnerable populations and the protection of human subjects in research endeavors.

Your initial post should be about 150 words. Use at least one APA-formatted reference.

Compliance Topic 1: Clinical staff members are not washing their hands between patients.

Compliance Topic 2: Employees are not knowledgeable in the use of fire extinguishers.

In a 4-page paper, describe the procedures for each of the two compliance plans. Break each procedure section into 2 pages each. Remember to support your procedures for each of two plans with a total of three research sources (1-2 per procedure), cited at the end in APA format. Write your procedures in a way that all employees will understand at a large medical facility where you are the Compliance Officer.

Remember, you chose two compliance policy plans under the key compliance areas of Compliance Standards, High-Level Responsibility, Education, Communication, Monitoring/Auditing (for Safety), Enforcement/Discipline, and Response/Prevention. (Check them out if you forget! Remember, you may have written about different policies for the two different compliance plans.)

1. The expression “easier said than done” can describe the challenges nurses face when actually implementing an evaluation. Throughout their planning and research efforts, nurses may identify a variety of ways to evaluate the implementation and use of a new HIT system; however, without a well-stipulated evaluation methodology plan detailing how the evaluation will actually occur, meaningful results will not be obtained. The gap between thinking about an evaluation and actually applying it can be quite large. A thoughtfully developed evaluation methodology plan helps close this gap by providing a blueprint for conducting an evidence-based evaluation. The methodology elaborates on specific steps, time frames, methods and responsibilities necessary to successfully translate the plan into practice. Nurse informaticists must take the time to generate evaluation methodologies that reflect accurate research designs and that promote data collection and data analysis.

In this part of your Evaluation Project, you determine the evaluation methodology necessary for answering your PICO question. In your methodology, you identify a research design and data collection and analysis methods.

To prepare:

• Review your PICO question. Does implementing a new unified acute and ambulatory Electronic Health Record (EHR) system within the hospital, compared to when they are not used improve the quality of healthcare for the patients through documentation?
• Consider the goal and viewpoint you developed for your Evaluation Project. Reflect on the types of information you would need to fulfill the goal and answer the PICO question. Think about the “who,” “what,” “when,” “where,” and “how” of your evaluation. This is where you determine the specific details of your evaluation, such as the number of people involved, the time frame for conducting the evaluation, the types of information you hope to gather, and how you will obtain the data.
• Reflect on the research design that would be most appropriate for answering the PICO question you developed. Common options include experimental designs, quasi-experimental designs, and surveys. Consider how you could effectively measure the success of your evaluation and how you would present your results.

To complete Part 4 of this Evaluation Project:

By Thursday 1/20/2017

In a 2- to 3-page paper, in APA format and a minimum of 3 references

1)      Describe the evaluation methodology plan you would use to answer your PICO question. Specify which research design, information sources, and data collection methods you would use.

2)      Write a paragraph detailing the “who,” “what,” “when,” “where,” and “how” of your evaluation.

3)      Identify the types of analyses you would perform on the gathered data. Justify your selections.

4)      Explain the specifics of how you would measure success in your evaluation and how you would summarize your results.

P.S. Include an introduction ending a purpose statement and a summary

Required Readings

Friedman, C. P., & Wyatt, J. C. (2010). Evaluation methods in biomedical informatics (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.

Chapter 4, “The Structure of Objectivist Studies” (pp. 85–112)

 This chapter examines the key concepts in relation to the design of studies and the measurement of results. It includes definitions for fundamental terms, a discussion on the levels of measurement, and a description of the different types of study designs.

Chapter 9, “Subjectivist Approaches to Evaluation” (pp. 248–266)

 This chapter introduces the subjectivist approach to evaluation and highlights the key ways it differs from an objectivist approach. The chapter also examines the premises upon which this type of study is based, and how qualitative data are recorded and analyzed.

 Centers for Disease Control. (n.d.). Evaluation planning: What is it and how do you do it? Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/healthcommunication/research/evaluationplanning.pdf

 This document provides a brief overview of planning an evaluation, including the different types of evaluations and the components needed in developing the evaluation methodology.

Stroud, S., & Gansauer, L. (n.d.). Nursing evidence-based nursing practice tool kit: Practice, evidence, and translation process. Spartanburg Regional Health Care System.

 This paper provides guidelines for conducting an evaluation. It highlights the different phases of conducting an evaluation and the steps included in each phase.

Before developing a new drug, pharmaceutical companies research products that are currently on the market. In their research process, corporations may ask questions such as, “What are current health needs, and how could a new drug address these needs differently than drugs that are currently available?” or “What new innovations can counteract certain diseases?” Before fully refining the focus of any research, individuals should attempt to determine the current state of affairs in their area of interest.

One of the most common ways to accomplish this is to conduct a literature review. A literature review allows one to take a “snapshot” of the established knowledge in a particular area. Using this snapshot, researchers can determine the merit of their research questions and how they may need to modify their research goals. For this part of your Evaluation Project, you create a Literature Review Summary Table and synthesize the current state of research surrounding the PICO question you developed.

To prepare:

• Review the Week 6 Learning Resources on procedures for conducting a literature review.
• Using your approved PICO question and relevant search terms, locate a minimum of five full-text research articles to use in your literature review (Articles must be scholarly and peer-reviewed and no older than 5 years old) See Attached PDF files
• Read through the articles carefully. Eliminate studies that are not appropriate, and add others to your list as needed. Although you may include more, you are expected to include a minimum of five appropriate articles.

To complete Part 3 of the Evaluation Project:

By Day Thursday 1/19/17

1)      Complete a Literature Review Protocol Summary Table using the template in this week’s Learning Resources. (See attached PDF file below)

2)      Write a 1-page literature review that synthesizes the findings in the literature related to the question you developed.

3)      Explain how the literature demonstrates the significance of your PICO question topic. My PICO question is: Does implementing a new unified acute and ambulatory Electronic Health Record (EHR) system within the hospital, compared to when they are not used improve the quality of healthcare for the patients through documentation?

4)      Describe original conclusions that you derived from the evidence you gathered. Support your synthesis and conclusions using evidence from the literature.

P.S. Include an introduction and a summary. The introduction must end with a purpose statement (e.g. “the purpose of this paper is …) Cite at least 3 references from the list below in addition of all references from the Literature Table.

Required Readings

Aveyard, H. (2007). Doing a literature review in health and social care: A practical guide. McGraw-Hill International [UK] Limited.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Chapter 4, “How Do I Search for Literature?” (p. 57–74)

 This chapter highlights strategies for conducting a systematic search of the literature. It stresses the importance of developing criteria for identifying literature that may help answer a research question.

Chapter 5, “How Do I Critically Appraise the Literature?” (pp. 75–123)

 In this selection, the focus is on how to appraise the literature you locate. The chapter includes suggestions for determining the validity of research by identifying such things as sample size, the appropriateness of the sample selected, how the data were collected, and how they were analyzed.

Rozas, L. W., & Klein, W. C. (2010). The value and purpose of the traditional qualitative literature review. Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 7(5), 387–399.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

 In this article, the authors assess the role and purpose of qualitative literature reviews, and they give specific descriptions of how they differ from a quantitative review. The authors stress the importance of using both qualitative and quantitative literature, and they provide justification for this advice.

Scutt, D. (2008). How to review literature. Radiologic Technology, 79(4), 306–308.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

 This article provides a list of questions to ask when organizing a literature review. The author suggests that, when searching for research in a specific area, the reviewer takes the time to identify the key researchers in the field and to begin the review by becoming familiar with their work.

 Barker, J. (n.d.). Basic search tips and advanced Boolean explained. Retrieved from http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Internet/Boolean.pdf

This resource provides a graphical representation of different approaches to research and gives examples of each.

 Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library. (n.d.). Evidence-based clinical practice resources. Retrieved from Tags: http://guides.library.yale.edu/content.php?pid=9786&sid=73113

 This article provides a listing of evidence-based clinical resources, including systemic reviews and meta-analyses, critically appraised topics, background information and expert opinions, and unfiltered resources.

 Library of Congress Online Catalog. (2008). Boolean searching. Retrieved from http://catalog.loc.gov/help/boolean.htm

 This website provides a basic overview of Boolean searches, as well as simple examples of key search terms.

 Indiana State University Library Guides. (n.d.). Literature reviews: Database search strategies. Retrieved from http://libguides.indstate.edu/content.php?pid=118904&sid=1065428

 In this resource, the most common types of database searches are highlighted. This selection includes topics such as nesting searches, phrase searches, and the use of synonyms of key words in the search.

 Walden University (2013). Searching & retrieving materials in the databases. Retrieved from http://libraryguides.waldenu.edu/content.php?pid=162865&sid=1375878

 This resource provides tips for searching in the Walden Library. It includes a guide to keyword searches, an explanation of Boolean searches, and tips on locating specific journals or articles.

 Document: Literature Review Protocol Summary Table (Word document)

 You will use this document to complete your literature review for your Evaluation Project.

In completing the case study, students will be addressing the following learning objectives:

Identify common medical conditions that can have accompanying psychiatric complications or symptoms. Describe general nursing implications for clients experiencing psychiatric disorders that are intertwined with other nonpsychiatric illnesses.

1. Carla, a 27-year-old white single mother of two preschool-age children, is in the psychiatric hospital for treatment of anxiety and depression.   Carla has a cardiac condition that requires surgery.  Carla is concerned over the financial cost of the surgery and caretakers for her children while she is in the hospital and undergoing rehabilitation. Carla is also worried that she may be unable to continue in her present employment as a salesperson due to the physical demands of this position.  Carla’s case is representative of many patients with medical conditions who develop psychiatric symptoms.

(Learning Objectives: 1, 2)

a. What are some prevalent medical conditions that can also be accompanied by psychiatric symptoms or complications?

b.What are some nursing implications for Carla that address both the psychiatric and nonpsychiatric illnesses?

In completing the case study, students will be addressing the following learning objectives:

Discuss factors that contribute to homelessness in people with mental illness.

Discuss barriers that prevent homeless people with mental illness from receiving care measures to promote access.

1.      Kevin, a 39-year-old unemployed homeless male who has paranoid schizophrenia, was brought to the psychiatric hospital by the police.  Citizens called the police because Kevin was in the street directing pedestrians and traffic in opposition to the traffic lights and verbally abusing everyone who did not follow his directions.  Kevin is known to the police since he is often homeless, and states that his family does not want him.  Kevin also has a history of poly substance abuse with alcohol, heroin, and crack cocaine, and he has been jailed for public intoxication several times.  The nursing assessment reveals that Kevin has not been taking his prescribed psychotropic medications for 3 weeks.  Kevin states that he does not have any money, and he does not remember where to go for mental health care (Learning Objectives: 2)

a. What are the major factors that contribute to Kevin’s frequent homelessness?

b. What barriers does Kevin face in the receiving treatment? How can these barriers be addressed?