Health Care Disparities Essay

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Health Care Disparities Essay

To prepare for this Assignment:

  • Review the World Health Organization website in this week’s Learning Resources. Research health care disparities between the United States and another country of your choice.
  • Compare economic policies for health promotion, wellness, and prevention programs in the United States and the country you selected. How are they different? What is the economic motivation for each?

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  • Analyze implications of these economic policies and disparities. How does this relate to volume-based versus value-based health care?

  • Analyze how you might implement the policies from the country you selected in the United States (macro) and your own state (micro). Evaluate the influence of U.S. market conditions on the provision of health care. Note: If you are an international student, reflect on how you might implement the policies from the country you selected into your own country and/or region. Health Care Disparities Essay

Note:This Assignment will be graded using this rubric: Document:Week 2 Assignment Rubric (Word document)

The Assignment:

In a 4- to 6-page paper, address the following:

  • Compare the economic policies for health promotion, wellness, and prevention programs in the United States and the country you selected. Include differences in approaches to wellness and prevention.
  • Analyze implications of these policies and disparities.
  • Analyze how you might implement the policies from the country you selected in the United States and your own state. Evaluate the influence of U.S. market conditions on the provision of health care.

Note: The paper should be 4–6 pages, not including the title and reference pages. Your Assignment must be written in standard edited English. Be sure to support your work with specific citations from this module’s Learning Resources and additional scholarly sources, as appropriate.View less » Health Care Disparities Essay

Health Care Fraud and Abuse

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Health Care Fraud and Abuse

Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper on a current health care situation:
health care fraud and abuse.

Evaluate the effect of organizational structure and governance, culture, and social responsibility focus on what happened in your chosen situation. Recommend how you

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would change the organization to prevent this situation in the future. Include the following components:
• Identify and describe a health care news situation that affects a health care organization such as a hospital, clinic, or insurance company.
• Examine and evaluate how organizational structure and governance, culture and focus (or lack of focus) on social responsibility affected or influenced what happened.
• Recommend what resources will be allocated to prevent this situation in the future and what ethical issues may be tied to this decision.
• Recommend how you would change the structure, governance, culture, or focus on social responsibility to prevent this situation in the future.

grading criteria:
• Describes a health news situation that affects a health care organization
• Examines and evaluation corporate structure and governance, culture, and focus on social responsibility
• Recommends what resources will be allocated to prevent this situation in the future and what ethical issues may be tied to this decision Health Care Fraud and Abuse
• Recommends changes to structure, governance, culture, focus on social responsibility to prevent problem in the future
Organization/Development
20 Percent
• The paper is 1,400 to 1,750 words in length.
• The introduction provides sufficient background on the topic and previews major points.
• The conclusion is logical, flows, and reviews the major points.
Mechanics
20 Percent
• The paper—including the title page, reference page, tables, and any appendixes—is consistent with APA guidelines as directed by the facilitator. The paper is laid

out with effective use of headings, font styles, and white space.
• Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed; spelling is correct.View less » Health Care Fraud and Abuse

The Future Role of Government Regulations

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The Future Role of Government Regulations

Patient Centered Medical Home Models
Your paper must address the following bolded topics, which should be titled appropriately in your paper:

1.   Include an Abstract which is a synopsis of the overall paper.

2.   Managed Health Care Quality should address such factors as whether or not patient health care needs and even preferences are being met; the care is right for the illness, care is timely, and unnecessary test and procedures are not ordered. The Future Role of Government Regulations

3.   Provider Contracting is when doctors and health care practitioners have a contract agreement through a third party payer to accept a specified payment for services provided to patients.

4.   Cost Containment deals with managing the costs of doing business within a specified budget while restraining expenditures to meet a specified financial target.

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5.   Effects on Medicare and Medicaid in managed health care appear to be moving in a direction where both types of recipients will be enrolled in some type of managed health care plan in the near future.

6.   The Future Role of Government Regulations, to include ERISA and HIPAA health care policies.

7.   Include Three Recommendations each, related to quality and change in Medicare and Medicaid managed health care plans.

Writing the Final Paper

1.   Must be ten- to fifteen double-spaced pages in length and formatted according to APA style

2.   Must have a cover page

3.   Must include an introductory paragraph with a succinct thesis statement.

4.   Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.

5.   Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.

6.   Must use at least eight scholarly and /or peer-reviewed sources, published within the last five years The Future Role of Government Regulations 

7.   Must document all sources in APA style

Patient Centered Medical Home Models
Your paper must address the following bolded topics, which should be titled appropriately in your paper:

1.   Include an Abstract which is a synopsis of the overall paper.

2.   Managed Health Care Quality should address such factors as whether or not patient health care needs and even preferences are being met; the care is right for the illness, care is timely, and unnecessary test and procedures are not ordered.

3.   Provider Contracting is when doctors and health care practitioners have a contract agreement through a third party payer to accept a specified payment for services provided to patients.

4.   Cost Containment deals with managing the costs of doing business within a specified budget while restraining expenditures to meet a specified financial target.

5.   Effects on Medicare and Medicaid in managed health care appear to be moving in a direction where both types of recipients will be enrolled in some type of managed health care plan in the near future. 

6.   The Future Role of Government Regulations, to include ERISA and HIPAA health care policies.

7.   Include Three Recommendations each, related to quality and change in Medicare and Medicaid managed health care plans.

Writing the Final Paper

1.   Must be ten- to fifteen double-spaced pages in length and formatted according to APA style

2.   Must have a cover page

3.   Must include an introductory paragraph with a succinct thesis statement.

4.   Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.

5.   Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.

6.   Must use at least eight scholarly and /or peer-reviewed sources, published within the last five years

7.   Must document all sources in APA style

8.   Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to APA style.View less »

8.   Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to APA style.View less » The Future Role of Government Regulations

HIM4610 – Medical Terminology

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HIM4610 – Medical Terminology

UNIT 8 Assignment

Health Topic Presentation

For this course project assignment, use credible sources to research the health topic, disease, or syndrome your instructor approved in Unit 5. Develop a presentation, and deliver it via screen and webcam recording so that your slides are visible, your face is included in a video capture, and your voice is recorded simultaneously. This is important, so that the instructor can evaluate your spelling, pronunciation, and use of the medical terminology related to your topic. Guidance for how to record your presentation can be found at Using Kaltura [PDF], listed in the Resources. HIM4610 – Medical Terminology

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Your presentation should not exceed 30 minutes in length. In addition to the recording, submit your presentation slides and a transcript of your presentation. Use APA style and format to cite scholarly sources.

In your presentation, you should define and describe your topic, and present information about it, including causes, signs and symptoms, at-risk populations, prognoses, diagnostic and testing procedures, treatment protocols, support systems, and prevention.

You will be graded according to how well you demonstrate the course competencies, which will be measured by the following criteria and requirements:

Pronounce medical terms properly.

Spell health care terms correctly.

Apply medical terminology related to pharmacology or other treatment to a health topic.

Apply medical terminology related to the structure and functions of the human body to a health topic.

Apply medical terminology related to human body systems to a health topic.

Apply medical terminology related to a specialized area of medicine to a health topic.

Submission Requirements HIM4610 – Medical Terminology

Format: Recording, plus a transcript with title page and reference page in a Microsoft Word document.

References: Include references in APA style and format.

Writing: Create a presentation that is clearly written and generally free of grammatical errors.View less » HIM4610 – Medical Terminology

NSG3PHN: Primary Healthcare Nursing- Chronic Illness

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NSG3PHN: Primary Healthcare Nursing- Chronic Illness

Task:

Select a specific primary health care (PHC) nurse role of interest to you (e.g. prison nurse, home based nursing, school nurse, women’s health nurse, men’s health nurse, sexual health nurse, substance use nurse, chronic illness nursing, rural health nursing, OH&S nursing, refugee nurse). Please ensure that the role selected is different from that you will experience on clinical placement. Describe the key attributes of this role and explain why it is considered a PHC nursing role. NSG3PHN: Primary Healthcare Nursing- Chronic Illness

1. Describe the general characteristics and relevant demographic information of the clientele this type of nurse is likely to provide health services for. If the clientele are a general population group, identify a geographical location such as a local government area (LGA) and discuss this in terms of the LGA data available.

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2. Consider the characteristics/demographic data of the nurse’s client group toidentify a relevant health issue of concern. Explain how you determined this issue as a concern relevant to the clientele. Provide justification for why the PHC nurse would engage in action to address this concern.

3. Identifythree resources/initiativescurrently available or in place to support health promotion activity in relation the health issue of concern, whichdo not focus on the development of personal skills. Explain how these relate to the remaining promotion strategies outlined in the Ottawa Charter.

4. Propose two responses the PHC nurse could initiate to address the identified health issue for their client group, of whichonly onemay relate to the development of personal skills. Provide a rational for each of these interventions. Outline the goal, objectives and strategies that will be used to implement each initiative, and justify these.

5. Please refer to the marking rubric for further clarification of expectations related to this assessment task.

Q.1 Describe the key attributes of this role and explain why it is considered a PHC nursing role.

Q.2 Describe the general characteristics and relevant demographic information o the clientele this type of nurse is likely to provide health services for. If the clientele are general population group, Identify a geographical location such as local government area (LGA) and Discuss this in terms of the LGA data available
a) Identify what type of PHN role you are discussing ?
b) What type of work does this nurse do?
c) Who are the clients that this nurse works with?
d) Are there any specific issues this group of client have?
e) Do any of the social determinants of health influence this group of clients and their health?

Q.3 Consider the characteristics/demographic data of the nurse’s client group to identify a relevant health issue of concern. Explain how you determined this issue as a concern relevant to the clientele. Provide justification for why the PHC nurse would engage in action to address this concern. NSG3PHN: Primary Healthcare Nursing- Chronic Illness
a) Explain why you think it is likely that this health issue is likely to be relevant to this particular client group?
b) What evidence can you provide that would support or inform this belief?

I thought that others of you might similarly be concerned when you commence this assignment and that it might be useful to clarify this educational device.This is aninstruction is to help lead your thinking, it is basically connecting two parts of the assignment, rather than being a specific component being assessed. So I would expect a sentence or two addressing this, which basically contextualises the discussion responding to the key aspects of the assessment task.

Q.4 Identifythree resources/initiativescurrently available or in place to support health promotion activity in relation the health issue of concern, whichdo not focus on the development of personal skills. Explain how these relate to the remaining promotion strategies outlined in the Ottawa Charter.

a) Review and explain each of the five areas for action (health promotion strategies) identified in the Ottawa Charter
b) What resources /policies/activities/ action that do not relate to the development of personal skills can you identify that have been put in place to address the health issue of concern you identified as impacting on this client
group?

Q.5 Propose two responses the PHC nurse could initiate to address the identified health issue for their client group, of which only one may relate to the development of personal skills. Provide a rational for each of these interventions. Outline the goal, objectives and strategies that will be used to implement each initiative, and justify these. NSG3PHN: Primary Healthcare Nursing- Chronic Illness

a) Think about program planning – what outcome would you like to see for the client group in relation to the health issue you have identified?
b) What factors contribute to or influence the health issue?
c) What changes would have to occur to have an impact on the health issue?
d) What action could the nurse takes to create the change needed? Explain how these strategies might be effective.
e) Remember only one of these action can relate to improving the personal skill of cliental

FORUM POST WITH SUBJET COORDINATOR TO GUIDE IN CORRECT PATH:
Q.2 Describe the general characteristics and relevant demographic information of the clientele this type of nurse is likely to provide health services for. If the clientele are a general population group, identify a geographical location such as a local government area (LGA) and discuss this in terms of the LGA data available

I was just wondering if it would be more appropriate to choose a LGA as the clientele because they do provide services to a broad group.. or would it be more appropriate to focus on a group like sex-workers or those HIV affected – as these are groups the PHN are likely to provide services for. I’m just not sure what is more appropriate for the task. Any suggestions are welcome.
Thanks,

Ans: Good question! I would suggest that you select a client group that you are interested in discussing. Some sexual health nurses are employed to work in a geographical area,however I think it might be more interesting to choose a group like sex workers or adolescents etc. People with HIV are a very small client group in Australia, however if this
is your area of interest, then feel free to discuss this.

Try not to get too stereotypical about your view of sex workers though. I remember having a conversation with a sexual health nurse who did sexual health screenings for the local sex workers, and she informed me that most of the women she saw were married women who were working as escorts to pay their children’s private school fees.Of course she was not employed in an arearecognised as catering to the sex industry, but it does put a different perspective on how the nurse engages with the client group.
Best wishes,
Diana

Q.3
Hello All,
I have just been contacted by a student who noticed that’on LMS there are 5 questions but on the rubric it only has 4 criteria… “Consider the characteristics/demographic data of the nurse’s client group to identify a relevant health issue of concern. Explain how you determined this issue as a concern relevant to the clientele. Provide justification for why the PHC nurse would engage in action to address this concern.” is not part of the rubric. I thought that others of you might similarly be concerned when you commence this assignment and that it might be useful to clarify this educational device.This is aninstruction is to help lead your thinking, it is basically connecting two parts of the assignment, rather than being a specific component being assessed. So I would expect a sentence or two addressing this, which basically contextualises the discussion responding to the key aspects of the assessment task.

This device is used specifically with setting essay questions, to help you structure acoherent response, rather than simply encouraging the clumping of short answer responses together and labelling it an essay. Remember essays also require an introduction and conclusion, do not include headings, dot points, tables or graphs etc.(These features are acceptable in reports, but not essays!).

It is always important to read both the assignment question and the marking rubric together, to fully understand what is required and the weighting of each component should guide you in how much of the word count you allocate to each section. In this essay you have a lot to includewith a very limited word count, so choose your words wisely.There is no room for ‘padding’ i.e. content that doesnot specifically answer what is asked for. NSG3PHN: Primary Healthcare Nursing- Chronic Illness
Regards,
Diana

Q.4
Identify three resources/initiatives currently available or in place to support health promotion activity in relation the health issue of concern, which do not focus on the development of personal skills. Explain how these relate to the remaining promotion strategies outlined in the Ottawa Charter When talking about promotion strategies outlined by the ottawa charter are youreferringtoo

The five strategies set out in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
? build healthy public policy
? create supportive environments
? strengthen community action
? develop personal skills
? reorient health services.
ORAdvocate,Mediate andEnable ??

A little confused because the programs/initiative cant be focused on development of skills which is one of the strategies set out by the Ottawa Charter. Thanks in advance.
ANS: (Diana is subject coordinator for this subject)
Diana:
You are quite correct in identifying the five ‘areas for health promotion action’ as the strategies to whichthe question refers . Advocate, mediate and enable underpin these strategies, and are sometimes referred to as the principles underpinning the strategies, or the principles of health promotion. If you consider these as principles, it follows that you then have to have to have ways in which these can be enacted, resulting in the five strategies we use to do this.

Sometimes the activities or intervention put in place to promote health could be considered as engagingseveral of thesesstrategies at the same time. When this occurs the intervention/action is more likely to have a positive result. It is possible that developing personal skills will be one of several strategies addressed through an initiative, but I am hoping that it is not the sole focus, as I want to encourage you all to think more broadly.

Here is one of Diana’s responses to this question:
Developing personal skills isone strategy of the five areas for health promotion actionoutlined in the Ottawa Charter. Nurses tend to focus on this, because health education is an obvious activity. InsteadI want you to focus on the other four health promotion strategiesidentified in the Ottawa Charter. The best resources/initiatives simultaneously engage multiple strategies at the same time (so may involve the development of personal skills as well, but I really want you to focus on how the other strategies can be enacted). Remember you will need to briefly explain how the initiatives/resourcesare examples of the strategiesbeing used.

A quick example of this, might beinvolvement with akindergarden parents committee, fundraising to erect shade sails over the children’s play area. This initiative demonstrates both creating a supportive environment (promoting protection of skin fromsun damage) and strengthening community action (the community group is taking action for themselves to improve their health and health outcomes). You could possibly include building health public policy, if the parents committee decide to implement a policy at the kindergarden that play is restricted to areas under the sails during days with high UV ratings.

Q.5
In reference to this question:
Propose two responses the PHC nurse could initiate to address the identified health issue for their client group, of whichonly onemay relate to the development of personal skills. Provide a rational for each of these interventions. Outline thegoal, objectives and strategiesthat will be used to implement each initiative, and justify these. When outlining the goal, objective and strategies do I simply state that the goal of thisprogram is…. without a reference (seeing as I am developing a program backed by evidence) as I am hoping to create the change thatIwant to see? NSG3PHN: Primary Healthcare Nursing- Chronic Illness

Hope this makes sense.
Thanks

m just going through the PHN assessment 2 essay, I have chosen sexual health nursing as the PHC nurse role. NSG3PHN: Primary Healthcare Nursing- Chronic Illness

Character’s starting health

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Character’s starting health

As a junior programmer, your work last week on “Legendary Epics” is earning you some kudos from your fellow coders; however, your overbearing supervisor, Lester Zamboni, wants you to re-write your code from the prior week to make it a little more “efficient, re-usable, and modular.” Here are his directives: You need to write a class definition named Character. In that class definition, you will need these PRIVATE instance variables: A string called charName An integer called startHealth A double called startCurrency Also in that class definition, you will need a setter and a getter method for each instance variable, totaling 6 methods in all: setCharName; getCharName; setHealth; getHealth; setCurrency; getCurrency This class needs to be named Character.java. Your executable class will still need to be called Charactergen.java.

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You believe that you will still need these variables in your main method: final double BASE_CURRENCY = 10.55; final int BASE_HEALTH = 50; int minHealthBonus = 1; int maxHealthBonus = 5; String cName; In pseudocode, your main method MUST do 5 things: // Create a new character object named human // Use the Character class method to SET the character’s name object data field by prompting the user to enter a character name // Use the Character class method to SET the character’s health object data field by calling the calculateHealth method // Use the Character class method to SET the character’s currency object data field by calling the calculateCurrency method // Call the displayOutput Method by passing the set object data field values of character name, starting health, and starting currency through the Character class GETTER methods In order to be more modular, you decide that you need three additional methods besides the main method: calculateHealth(), which accepts passing BASE_HEALTH, minHealthBonus, and maxHealthBonus as parameters, and performs the calculation as done in last week’s assignment. Remember that starting health is a random number between 50 and 55. calculateCurrency(), which accepts BASE_CURRENCY as a parameter, performs the calculation to generate starting currency, which is always 10.55 minus a random number between 0 and 1. displayOutput(), which accepts the values of character name, starting health, and starting currency as parameters and displays them to the end user in a message dialog box, identical to last week’s assignment. You MUST use the 3 getter methods to get the human object’s data field values. Character’s starting health 

LAST WEEK ASSIGNMENT :

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

import java.text.*;

public class Charactergen

{

public static void main(String[] args)

{

String charName;

int minHealthBonus = 1; //Minimun possible amount for starting health bonus

int maxHealthBonus = 5; //Maximun posible amount for starting health bonus

int startingHealth; //Character’s starting health after bonus has been applied

final int BASE_HEALTH = 50; //Initial health

double startingCurrency; //Character’s starting currency after deduction has been made

final double BASE_CURRENCY = 10.55; //Character’s starting currency before deduction is made

DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat(“#.##”);

//The following creates a pop up menu prompting the user to enter a character name, the user’s input is stored as a string called charName

charName = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null, “Enter your character’s name:”, “Welcome to Legendary Epics!”, JOptionPane

.QUESTION_MESSAGE);

//Calculates the character’s starting health.

//A random # between 1-5 is added to the characters base health. Health cannot be less than 51 or higher than 55

startingHealth = BASE_HEALTH + (minHealthBonus + (int)(Math.random() * maxHealthBonus));

//Calculates the character’s starting amount of currency

//A random number between 0 and 1 is subtracted from the character’s base currency. Currency will start at no less than 9.55 or higher than 10.55

startingCurrency = BASE_CURRENCY – (Math.random());

//The following creates a pop up menu displaying the name the user entered and also the character’s starting health and currency amounts

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, “Your name is ” + charName + “, your starting health is ” + startingHealth + ” and your starting credits are ” + (Double.valueOf(df.format(startingCurrency))), “Your Character Stats”, JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE); Character’s starting health 

challenges of providing health care in underdeveloped countries

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challenges of providing health care in underdeveloped countries

According to the CDC, “in the United States, the proportion of the population aged >65 years is projected to increase from 12.4% in 2000 to 19.6% in 2030,” (CDC, 2003, para. 2). Caring for this aging population is going to be one of the greatest challenges facing the health care industry. Not only will the number of individuals requiring care rise, but so will the cost. As poignantly stated by Crippen and Barnato, “unless we change the practice of medicine and reduce future costs, and explicitly address the ethical dilemmas we face, there may come a time when our kids simply cannot afford us” (2011, p. 128).

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In this Discussion, you will examine the ethical issues that the United States and other nations must address when faced with the health care challenges of an aging population. challenges of providing health care in underdeveloped countries

To prepare:
Consider the ethical aspects of health care and health policy for an aging population.
Review the Hayutin, Dietz, and Mitchell report presented in the Learning Resources. The authors pose the question, “What are the economic consequences, now and for future generations of taxpayers if we fail to adapt our policies to the changing reality of an older population?” (p. 21). Consider how you would respond to this question. In addition, reflect on the ethical decisions that arise when dispersing limited funds.
Contemplate the impact of failing to adjust policy in accordance with the changing reality of an older population.
Reflect on the ethical dilemmas that arise when determining expenditures on end-of-life health care.

Due 8/3/17
Discussion: What Can Nurses Do?
Many people, most of them in tropical countries of the Third World, die of preventable, curable diseases. . . . Malaria, tuberculosis, acute lower-respiratory infections—in 1998, these claimed 6.1 million lives. People died because the drugs to treat those illnesses are nonexistent or are no longer effective. They died because it doesn’t pay to keep them alive.
–Ken Silverstein, Millions for Viagra. Pennies for Diseases of the Poor, The Nation, July 19, 1999

Unfortunately, since 1998, little has changed. For many individuals living in impoverished underdeveloped countries, even basic medical care is difficult to obtain. Although international agencies sponsor outreach programs and corporations, and although nonprofit organizations donate goods and services, the level of health care remains far below what is necessary to meet the needs of struggling populations. Polluted water supplies, unsanitary conditions, and poor nutrition only exacerbate the poor health prevalent in these environments. Nurses working in developed nations have many opportunities/advantages that typically are not available to those in underdeveloped countries. What can nurses do to support their international colleagues and advocate for the poor and underserved of the world?
In this Discussion, you will consider the challenges of providing health care for the world’s neediest citizens, as well as how nurses can advocate for these citizens. challenges of providing health care in underdeveloped countries

To prepare:
Consider the challenges of providing health care in underdeveloped countries.
Consider the factors that impact the ability of individuals in underdeveloped nations to obtain adequate health care.
Consider strategies nurses can use to advocate for health care at the global level. What can one nurse do to make a difference?View less  challenges of providing health care in underdeveloped countries

implementing nursing interventions

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implementing nursing interventions

Whilst on your professional practice placement you are required to select a client with confusion or Dementia to complete an assessment and discharge procedure. You must provide the client with the details of the assessment and obtain their consent. You must complete the following tasks:
• Task 1- one paragraph: Nursing history (must also be observed by the facilitator) (20-30 words)
• Task 2- Physical assessment (must also be observed by the facilitator) (30-50 words)

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• Task 3 a) -Develop a care plan identifying three nursing diagnosis (select a client with confusion or Dementia) and three nursing interventions using respectful practices that also support the person’s dignity and privacy (100-200 words)
• Task 3 b) – Explain/reflect (while implementing nursing interventions) how did you Encouraged the person, family or carer to assist with the person’s self-care care as appropriate (20-30 words) implementing nursing interventions
• Task 3 c) – reflect on how you planned and adjusted nursing interventions to assist the person to meet their daily living activities. (20-30 words)
• Task 3 d) – reflect on how did you Identified and prioritised nursing interventions according to the person’s needs (20-30 words)
• Task 3 e)- reflect on how did you monitored, evaluated and documented the person’s response to nursing interventions and their progress toward primary health goals, and reported findings to relevant interdisciplinary health care team (30-60 words)
• Task 4-Admission and discharge plan (30-40 words)
You must contact the facilitator when you are ready to undertake this assessment as they will observe you completed the nursing history and physical assessment. Refer to Tollefson Essential Clinical Skills: Enrolled/Division 2 Nurses manual for the criteria for assessment.
In addition, you are to prepare a report that discusses/includes all following:
• Task 5-Developmental stage through the lifespan of this client (Maximum 40 words)
• Task 6- The impact and issues of hospitalisation for the client (Maximum 30 words)
• Task 7- Age/gender specific health care needs (Maximum 30 words)
• Task 8- Cross cultural issues (maximum 40 words)
• Task 9 – effective decision-making- explain any two effective decisions you made and initiated action based on results of clinical assessment and in collaboration with various members of the interdisciplinary health care team (Maximum 40 words)
• Task 10 – Give one example where you Contributed to health policy in the primary health care environment and participated in health education programs for the person and community groups (Maximum 40 words) implementing nursing interventions
• Task 11 – Explain how and give one example where you analysed health information and the clinical presentation of 1 person in the workplace to reach a substantiated conclusion about possible nursing interventions related to their primary health care needs, in consultation with a registered nurse. (40-50 words)
• Task – 12 – Give 1 example where you reviewed and updated a plan of care for 1 person to address their specific primary health care needs. (40-50 words) For this assessment, you are to submit:
• Health assessment findings (nursing history and physical assessment) = task 1 and task 2
• Care plan and reflective questions = Task 3a to Task 3e
• Admission and discharge plan = Task 4
• Report = Task 5, Task 6, Task 7, Task 8, Task 9, Task 10, Task 11, Task 12.View less » implementing nursing interventions

Quality and Safety in Health Care

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Quality and Safety in Health Care

3806NRS: National Safety and Quality Health Service – Blood Management – Nursing Assignment Help

Task:

The Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC) leads and coordinates national improvements in safety and quality in health care. It has developed a framework for safe and high quality care with three core principles – that care is consumer centred, driven by information, and organised for safety (ACSQHC, 2010). Quality and Safety in Health Care 

In addition to this framework, ACSQHC have developed National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) Standards to ‘protect the public from harm and to improve the quality of health service provision’ (ACSQHC, 2017, p. 5). The Registered Nurse is integral to every standard that has been developed by the ACSQHC.

This assessment is designed to enable you to demonstrate an understanding of quality and safety in health care through the critical discussion of one of the National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards.

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This assessment will address learning outcome 2. Quality and Safety in Health Care 

TASK INSTRUCTIONS:

This task requires you to write a 2,000-word assignment. Before you write your assignment, you will need to:

Choose one of the following National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) Standards (ACSQHC, 2017) as the topic of your assignment.

Clinical governance (Standard 1)

Partnering with consumers (Standard 2)

Preventing and controlling healthcare-associated infection (Standard 3)

Comprehensive care (Standard 5)

Communicating for safety (Standard 6)

Blood management (Standard 7)

Please note, the following two NSQHS standards are not included as topic choices. Quality and Safety in Health Care 

Medication safety (Standard 4)

Recognising and responding to acute deterioration (Standard 8).

Identify the type of process and outcome data that could be collected, analysed and fed back for improvements in care relevant to your chosen standard. (You may wish to refer to the article by Donabedian, 1988, as a starting point). This area for action aligns with step 2.2 of the Australian Safety and Quality Framework for Health Care (ACSQHC, 2010).

Research the topic of quality and safety in health care in Australia then identify and analyse scholarly literature that is relevant to your assignment topic, namely your:

chosen standard,

a clinical care activity relevant to this standard,

process and outcome data required to monitor outcomes/improvements relevant to the standard.

Following these steps, write your assignment. Your assignment should include:

An introduction or first paragraph that clearly introduces the topic, identifies the NSQHS standard (from the allocated options), outlines what will be covered in the assignment and provides a thesis statement (what to expect in the assignment).

A critical discussion of quality and safety in the Australian health care system, supported by scholarly literature (at least five sources published after 2014).

A critical discussion of a clinical care activity relevant to your chosen standard, including the risks or impact of low quality care and how it can be improved. Discussion is supported by scholarly literature (at least five sources published after 2014).

A critical discussion of how process and outcome data could be collected, analysed and fed back for improvements in clinical care. Discussion is supported by scholarly literature (at least five sources published after 2014). Quality and Safety in Health Care 

 

NURS 6050 Discussion Essay

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Program/Policy Evaluation

RNs and APRNs need to be involved in the evaluation process of policies and programs to ensure they are functioning and accomplishing the intended goals. This practice is an essential piece of the policy implementation process that nurses and even policymakers forget (Laureate Education, 2018b). The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) passed in 2010 required healthcare facilities to evaluate and plan their programs and policies. Part of this requirement focuses on the leadership roles of nurses and meeting what is considered the quadruple aim (Milstead & Short, 2019). The quadruple aim consists of improved quality of care, reduced costs, improved population health, and job satisfaction of the healthcare employees (Milstead & Short, 2019) NURS 6050 Discussion Essay.

RNs and APRNs should look to actively participate in policy reviews to assess how and if the quadruple aim is meeting expectations. Nurses use assessment and evaluation skills in their day-to-day practice. There are informal and formal evaluation processes. Informal evaluation occurred in small groups and is more gossip than an evaluation. This informal evaluation can cause information gathered to be inaccurate (Milstead & Short, 2019). Formal evaluations involve standardized processes that keep all stakeholders involved in the process and assess the effectiveness of the program or policy overall (Milstead & Short, 2019). An ongoing evaluation must begin during the planning stage of the policy change (Laureate Education, 2018a). Nurses should be consistently assessed for improvement and challenges while planning and implementing policy and program changes (Milstead & Short, 2019) NURS 6050 Discussion Essay.

Policy evaluation does not come without its challenges. Sometimes policy changes can happen too quickly or too slowly. Policy changes may be rushed due to pressure from the government. It is essential to be aware of the economic conditions of a sample population, public awareness of the policy change, and the influence of social media outlets and ongoing political campaigns (Milstead & Short, 2019). Nurses must ensure that evaluation reports contain carefully collected data, analyzed, and released by reputable sources and if the answer regarding the desired outcomes is clear (Milstead & Short, 2019).

Nurses can be involved with policy evaluation by being active in professional nursing organizations such as the American Nurses Association (ANA). The ANA is active in the policy-making process by lobbying for improvements to the nursing profession. They are involved in ongoing data collection and disseminating the results to the public and interprofessional networks (Milstead & Short, 2019). As stated above, nurses are constantly assessing and re-assessing the effectiveness of nursing interventions, and the same process is used for policy evaluation (Milstead & Short, 2019). During the entire process of policy planning, implementation, and evaluation, nurses should monitor and gather data and present it to and educate stakeholders on whether the data shows the policy is working or not working (Yoder-Wise, 2020) NURS 6050 Discussion Essay.

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References

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018a). The Importance of Program Evaluation [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018b). Program Policy and Evaluation [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Yoder-Wise, P. S. (2020). A framework for planned policy change. Nursing Forum, 55(1), 45-53 NURS 6050 Discussion Essay.

response

I agree with your statements of nurses needing to be a part of policy review since they are mainly the personnel implementing policies. it is simpler for nurses to implement policies because of their lifelong learning, development of their knowledge, and skills and competency throughout their professional lives (Hlongwa et. al, 2019). As you stated, nurses use assessment and evaluation skills in their day-to-day practice that can help them be good addition in policy review. Policy review can be more beneficial and have better outcomes when different individuals are helping to make a decision. According to Clifford et. al, policy process theory can usefully articulate the complexity of working with multiple policy actors in differing contexts (2019). Every individual has their own input and role in policy review. Nurses have an important role in policy review because of the responsibilities they have in patient care. Nurses assess, evaluate, and carry out decisions and policies daily. With that being said, nurses are key people in policy review because they can see first-hand the effectiveness of policies. As you stated, policy review is not simple and can have challenges. When it comes to nurse’s input in policy review; nurses may have challenges in ensuring feedback and data is collected carefully and presented appropriately. According to Glasgow et. al, greater attention needs to be paid to documenting intervention reach, adoption, implementation, and maintenance. Recommendations are offered to help close the gap between efficacy and effectiveness research and to guide evaluation and possible adoption of new programs (2003) NURS 6050 Discussion Essay.

References

Clifford, B., Wilson, A., & Harris, P. (2019). Homelessness, health and the policy process: a literature review. Health Policy, 123(11), 1125–1132. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2019.08.011

Glasgow, R. E., Lichtenstein, E., & Marcus, A. C. (2003). Why don’t we see more translation of health promotion research to practice? rethinking the efficacy-to-effectiveness transition. American Journal of Public Health, 93(8), 1261–1267.

Hlongwa, E. N., & Sibiya, M. N. (2019). Challenges affecting the implementation of the policy on integration of mental health care into primary healthcare in KwaZulu-Natal province. Curationis, 42(1), 1–9. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.4102/curationis.v42i1.1847 NURS 6050 Discussion Essay

response 2

Hello, xx. The policy evaluation process is essential because there are chances of omitting fundamental aspects of the health care system during the policymaking process (Scott et al., 2020). Health care policy evaluation involves a systematic approach of gathering and analyzing the vital information in the policy to enhance the policy’s ability to promote public health. The nurses’ involvement in the evaluation process of the health care policies is essential because it results in improved service delivery and performance in the health care system.  According to Poorchangizi et al. (2017), crucial patients’ needs that were omitted during policy making will be added during policy review. The importance of involving the nurses in health care policy evaluation is because they are always involved in most of the activities in the system to ensure that therefore knowledgeable about the challenges and the areas the policy will affect. Thus, the nurses will point out the areas of the policy that need an adjustment NURS 6050 Discussion Essay.

                                                               References                                               

Poorchangizi, B., Farokhzadian, J., Abbaszadeh, A., Mirzaee, M., & Borhani, F. (2017). The importance of professional values from clinical nurses’ perspective in hospitals of a medical university in Iran. BMC medical ethics, 18(1), 1-7. https://bmcmedethics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12910-017-0178-9

Scott, J. W., Schwartz, T. A., & Dimick, J. B. (2020). Practical guide to health policy evaluation using observational data. JAMA Surgery, 155(4), 353-354. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2019.4398 NURS 6050 Discussion Essay

Discussion: The Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation

In the Module 4 Discussion, you considered how professional nurses can become involved in policy-making. A critical component of any policy design is evaluation of the results. How comfortable are you with the thought of becoming involved with such matters?

Some nurses may be hesitant to get involved with policy evaluation. The preference may be to focus on the care and well-being of their patients; some nurses may feel ill-equipped to enter the realm of policy and political activities. However, as you have examined previously, who better to advocate for patients and effective programs and polices than nurses? Already patient advocates in interactions with doctors and leadership, why not with government and regulatory agencies?

In this Discussion, you will reflect on the role of professional nurses in policy evaluation NURS 6050 Discussion Essay.

To Prepare:

  • In the Module 4 Discussion, you considered how professional nurses can become involved in policy-making.
  • Review the Resources and reflect on the role of professional nurses in policy evaluation.

By Day 3 of Week 9

Post an explanation of at least two opportunities that currently exist for RNs and APRNs to actively participate in policy review. Explain some of the challenges that these opportunities may present and describe how you might overcome these challenges. Finally, recommend two strategies you might make to better advocate for or communicate the existence of these opportunities. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 6 of Week 9

Respond to at least two of your colleagues* on two different days by suggesting additional opportunities or recommendations for overcoming the challenges described by your colleagues.

Policy Review Opportunities

There are numerous opportunities for registered nurses (RNs) and advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) to participate in policy review. First, nurses can participate in a program evaluation design within their organization (Milstead & Short, 2019). During a program evaluation meeting, the team can discuss organizational policies, expected outcomes of the policies, data collection methods, and final result planning (Milstead & Short, 2019). To illustrate this, let us say that a hospital decides to implement mandatory influenza vaccines yearly for all employees. If an employee is non-compliant with the vaccine, they must wear a mask on the property from the start to end of flu season NURS 6050 Discussion Essay. The expected outcome would be that most hospital employees would be compliant in receiving the influenza vaccine. Data collection would consist of tracking the number of employees who received the vaccine versus the number of employees who declined to receive the vaccine. Based on the results, the program evaluation team may choose to implement additional restrictive measures for employees who decline the vaccine or offer incentives for employees who receive the vaccine to increase hospital-wide compliance. Second, as with aiding in policy-making, nurses can join a professional nursing organization to assist with policy review. Nurses played a significant role in implementing the Affordable Care Act by reviewing processes and supplying data to lawmakers (Milstead & Short, 2019).

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Challenges and Strategies 

When reviewing policies, nurses are bound to face challenges. Very few prevention and health promotion interventions are applied in healthcare settings (Glasgow et al., 2003). Two challenges may arise in social media and public awareness, or lack thereof (Milstead & Short, 2019). Let us take the policy discussed above regarding compliance with the influenza vaccine within a hospital system. As we have seen with COVID-19, many individuals refuse the vaccine due to a lack of education and social media’s strong influence. Education of hospital employees should include facts and efficacy statistics of the vaccine to combat false information seen on the internet NURS 6050 Discussion Essay. To advocate for policy-review opportunities, nurses must know the positive impact they make at the state and national levels. In Hawaii, policy teams have worked together to reduce health disparities for state citizens (Shiramizu et al., 2018). Word of mouth is the best advocate in this scenario. Nurses should also be encouraged to participate on local nursing boards and with national nursing organizations. Being involved with nursing groups provides strength in numbers when it comes to policymaking and review.

References

Glasgow, R., Lichtenstein, E., & Marcus, A. (2003). Why don’t we see more translation of health promotion research to practice? Rethinking the efficacy-to-effectiveness transition. American Journal of Public Health, 93(8), 1261-1267.

Milstead, J., & Short, N. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide. Jones & Bartlett.

Shiramizu, B., Shambaugh, V., Petrovich, H., Seto, T., Ho, T., Mokuau, N., & Hedges, J. (2018). Leading by success: Impact of a clinical & translational research infrastructure program to address health inequities. NCBI. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-016-0302-4

sample response

You provide an excellent example about vaccine education and the importance of being able to dispel rumors regarding illnesses and vaccines. The hospital I work at has said that employees will likely have to wear barrier masks during cold and flu seasons in the future, regardless of vaccination status. After reading your discussion, I wonder if this will affect the influenza vaccine rate of employees at UW Hospital. UW has sent out numerous emails to staff about how to have conversations with patients and family members about conspiracy theories and misinformation surrounding Covid-19. I am grateful that my hospital supports us to have these conversations thoughtfully, but as a nurse, I am frustrated that these conversations even exist NURS 6050 Discussion Essay.

Nurses often discuss vaccines with patients and family members (Navin, Kozak, & Deem, 2020). Nurses need to develop a positive rapport and gain the trust of the individual before discussing the importance of vaccination, as this is a topic that some individuals do not take lightly. Education can occur through more than just discussion, though. As you pointed out, social media can be very polarizing and often supports the spread of vaccine misinformation. Enhanced vaccine education can occur through social media, virtual reality, cartoons, smartphone apps, and more. People are entitled to their own beliefs, but hopefully, people who have false beliefs about Covid-19 and vaccines have good opportunities for education during the pandemic. 

References

Kashangura, C. (2020). Enhanced education on vaccines can reduce the scourge of vaccine rejection and hesitation. South African Journal of Science, 116(9/10). https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.17159/sajs.2020/8143

Navin, M. C., Kozak, A. T., & Deem, M. J. (2020). Perspectives of public health nurses on the ethics of mandated vaccine education. Nursing Outlook, 68(1), 62–72. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2019.06.014 NURS 6050 Discussion Essay

sample response 2

There are indeed many opportunities for the nurses to participate in the health care policy evaluation.  They can participate through the nurses’ professional organizations such as the American Nursing Association, The National League for Nursing (NLN), The American Board of Nursing Specialties (ABNS), Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing (Sigma), and The National Student Nurses Association (NSNA) (Lake et al., 2019). These organizations participate actively in politics during elections, creating a political environment that will enable them to be considered by Congress during the policy evaluation process. They have advocates who will efficiently evaluate the policies to ensure the policies meet the healthcare system’s needs (O’Rourke et al., 2017). The organizations also influence the members to vote for several professional nurses to Congress during the elections.  When they are elected, they can represent the nurses in evaluating the health care policies that might not be forwarded to the organizations for evaluation. The representatives will also influence the other legislatures in Congress to support their recommendations to solve the challenges in the health care system.

 

References

Lake, E. T., Sanders, J., Duan, R., Riman, K. A., Schoenauer, K. M., & Chen, Y. (2019). A meta-analysis of the associations between the nurse work environment in hospitals and 4 sets of outcomes. Medical care, 57(5), 353. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097%2FMLR.0000000000001109

O’Rourke, N. C., Crawford, S. L., Morris, N. S., & Pulcini, J. (2017). Political efficacy and participation of nurse practitioners. Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice, 18(3), 135-148. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1527154417728514 NURS 6050 Discussion Essay