Antimicrobial agents are essential components in the treatment of various bacterial infections as they help to kill or prevent the growth of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoans. Prior to the discovery of antimicrobial agents, treatment options for patients with bacterial infections were limited.

For many patients, treatment often resulted in the amputation of limbs or even death. Today, treatment options for bacterial infections typically have a more positive prognosis. Due to the various types of infections presented in patients, it is essential to be able to identify the underlying cause of the infection—whether bacterial or viral—before recommending drug treatments.

This will help you identify whether or not an antimicrobial agent would be appropriate and which specific agent would target the infection. In this Assignment, you consider the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents for infections.

To prepare:

• Review this week’s media presentation on principles of antimicrobial therapy, as well as Chapter 8 of the Arcangelo and Peterson text.
• Consider the categories of antimicrobial agents.
• Think about differences between viral and bacterial infections.
• Reflect on why proper identification of the infection is key to selecting the proper antimicrobial agent.

By Day 7

Write a 2- to 3- page paper that addresses the following:

• Describe the categories of antimicrobial agents.
• Describe differences between viral and bacterial infections.
• Explain why proper identification of viral and bacterial infections is key to selecting the proper antimicrobial agent.

Several years ago, researchers discovered a part of the nuclear chromosome called a telomere.  The telomere is found at the end of chromosomes and they fall off at regular intervals of a year or two. Since they are just a segment of chromosomes of 4-6 base pairs it appears to be insignificant except for their reliability over time of the organism or person’s life. 

Researchers were fascinated by these small segments and the apparent correlation with the aging of the person.  In addition, these segments accelerated their action of dropping off when the person was diagnosed with cancer or a disease that was categorized as eventually fatal.  Review the Telomeres video below.

Instructions:

1. Reread Chapter 3 and answer the following questions.
   
   1. Would you classify telomere-based aging as stochastic or non-stochastic?
   2. What theory would you classify this under considering those listed in the chapter?
   3. How would you, if you were a gerontological researcher, manipulate the telomeres through telomerase to assist persons to live longer? Be specific about each step. 
2. Your paper should be:
   • One (1) page or more.
   • Use factual information from the textbook and/or appropriate articles and websites.
   • Cite your sources – type references according to the APA Style Guide.

Write a 2-3 page APA formatted paper (not including cover sheet or reference page) utilizing a minimum of three resources based on the case scenario below. 

You may opt to do a power point presentation or Prezi with a minimum of 10 – 15 slides (not including cover sheet or reference slide) instead of the written paper. 

Scenario: A gravida two, para-one 34 year old woman comes into the office for pre-natal care. She is 28 weeks pregnant. Her blood pressure is 160/90 with a weight of 220 lbs and a height of 5’1. Her previous blood pressure at her visit 4 weeks ago was 122/ 78. Her previous weight was 210 lbs. She reports a history of gestational diabetes. Her fasting glucose is 108 with an A1C of 6.0. 

What focused assessments would you expect the practical nurse to perform? What important data would need to be communicated to her health care team?

Spelling and grammar is correct throughout the presentation. APA format is consistently done and correct. All information is referenced throughout the body of the presentation. Uses a minimum of 3 credible references.

1

Discusses the significance of blood pressure. What will be reported based on this finding? What condition are you looking for? How urgent is the reporting of this problem? 

2

Discusses the significance of the blood glucose finding. Outline what other focused assessments will be made based on this finding. What will be reported based on this finding? What condition are you looking for? 

-Briefly discuss the common findings of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), and nursing care and management of this disorder.

-Briefly discuss the common findings of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and nursing care and management of this disorder.

-Includes SBAR report for this patient

Select a health care organization in your community to conduct an interview with an appropriate risk management employee. The organization can be your current employer, or a different health care facility in your community. Acute care, urgent care, large multi-provider private medical clinics, assisted living facilities, and community/public health clinical facilities are all ideal options to complete the requirements of this assignment. Make sure to select an individual who can provide sufficient information regarding how that organization manages risk within its facility to answer the questions below.

In your interview, address the following:

1. Identification of the challenges the organization faces in controlling infectious diseases.
2. Risk management strategies used in the organization’s infection control program, along with specific examples.
3. How the facility’s educational risk management program addresses key professional issues, such as prevention of negligence, malpractice litigation, and vicarious liability.
4. Policies the facility has implemented that address managing emergency triage in high-risk areas of health care service delivery.
5. Strategies the facility utilizes to monitor and maintain its risk management program.

Post-interview, compose a 750-1,000 word summary analysis of the interview to include the questions above as well as the following elements:

1. A brief assessment of the organization’s risk management program, including what works well and what could work better (the pros and cons).
2. Action steps you would take to improve the program. Select one area and provide your rationale and possible steps required to implement your suggestion.

Maladaptive responses to disorders are compensatory mechanisms that ultimately have adverse health effects for patients. For instance, a patient’s allergic reaction to peanuts might lead to anaphylactic shock, or a patient struggling with depression might develop a substance abuse problem. To properly diagnose and treat patients, advanced practice nurses must understand both the pathophysiology of disorders and potential maladaptive responses that some disorders cause.

Consider immune disorders such as HIV, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus E. What are resulting maladaptive responses for patients with these disorders?

To Prepare

· Review Chapter 6 and Chapter 8 in the Huether and McCance text. Reflect on the concept of maladaptive responses to disorders.

· Select two of the following immune disorders: HIV, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, or systemic lupus E (SLE).

· Identify the pathophysiology of each disorder you selected. Consider the compensatory mechanisms that the disorders trigger. Then compare the resulting maladaptive and physiological responses of the two disorders.

· Select one of the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factor might impact your selected immune disorders.

Post a brief description of the pathophysiology of your selected immune disorders. Explain how the maladaptive and physiological responses of the two disorders differ. Finally, explain how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of each disorder.

Pick whichever one is easiest for you