DISORDERS OF MOTILITY

Running Head:

1 DISORDERS OF MOTILITY 1

DISORDERS OF MOTILITY 2

Assignment 1: Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility

2 Pathophysiology of Gastric Acid Stimulation and Production The gastric parietal cells are found in the walls of the stomach and form the site where gastric acid is produced.3 The cells have the secretory canaliculus which releases gastric acid into the gastric lumen. 4 Gastric acid production occurs as a response to the hormonal, neurocrine and paracrine messengers which stimulate the series of reactions to produce the acid. Acid production takes place in three phase’s namely cephalic, gastric phase and intestinal phase. 3 Chemo transmitters are associated with the stimulation, production, and regulation of gastric acid. The chemo-transmitters are typically released into the gastric mucosa through different pathways that simulate the stimulatory and inhibitory mechanism (Borrelli, 2011).DISORDERS OF MOTILITY

The production, defense and healing mechanism against the harmful effects of gastric acid are regulated by an autocrine, neutral and paracrine control pathways. Gastric acid may be associated with digestive disorders such as GERD, PUD, and gastritis although it is equally important in the digestion of calcium, proteins and vitamin B12 as well as absorption of iron into the body.

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Gastrointestinal reflux disorder (GERD) is the digestive condition that occurs due to acid reflux on the walls of the stomach. The excessive production of gastric acid leads to the overflow of the acid through the upper esophageal sphincter and causes a burning sensation on the esophageal walls. Peptic ulcer disease is more similar to GERD and involves acid action on the walls of the stomach leading to sores or wounds. Gastritis, on the other hand, is an inflammation of the intestinal walls due to the use of anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin (Huether & McCance, 2012).DISORDERS OF MOTILITY

Patient Factors Affecting Digestive Acid Disorders: 5 Behavior The common risk factors for developing gastrointestinal acid disorders are the lifestyle behaviors such as drug use, poor diet, and poor feeding habits. A person who depends more on junk foods is more likely to accumulate more fat in their bodies which triggers conditions such as gastritis. 5 Foods such as peppermint, chocolate, coffee, and alcohol are the common causes of esophageal reflux. Use of anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen and aspirin are triggers of gastritis. Smoking, drinking and substance abuse are all predisposing factors for peptic ulcers and gastritis (Camilleri, 2012).

Diagnosis and Treatment There are common symptoms of the digestive disorders that differentiate them and make them easy to diagnose. For instance, reflux disease comes with a burning sensation in the throat followed by a bitter taste in the mouth. The irritating feeling usually increases when one assumes a lying position. Patients with GERD are usually enrolled on a dietary change to control the recurrence. GERD, Gastritis, and PUD are diagnosed by an analysis of the patient’s dietary practices, the frequency of abdominal pains and stress levels (Laureate Education, Inc., 2012c). 5 The treatment of the conditions takes various forms such as lifestyle change, dietary changes and behavior change such as reduction in the levels of alcohol consumption, and avoiding the use of anti-inflammatory drugs. Patients may also be advised to avoid the consumption of spicy foods (National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, 2012).

Conclusion The discussion shows that gastric acid disorders mainly affects individuals who practice poor feeding habits, as well as alcohol consumers, and substance abusers. The best way to effectively manage gastric acid disorders is to practice a healthy diet and engage in a healthy lifestyle.

2 The Mind Map for Gastritis (Laureate Education, Inc., 2012c)-People who consume excess alcohol -Use of NSAIDS -Gastric bleeding -Vomiting and epigastric pain –

Epidemiology Clinical presentation

Epidemiology

2 Pathophysiology Diagnosis Gastritis

-Inflammation of gastric mucosa -injury to the inner stomach lining –

-Endoscopy -Blood test -Fecal occult test DISORDERS OF MOTILITY

Treatment

2 -Use of antacids to neutralize the gastric contents -Use of histamine 2 blockers to regulate acid production

5 References Borrelli, F. (2011). 2 Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor and Gastric Acid Secretion.  Dig Dis Sci, 52(11), 3102-3103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10620-006-9507-4 Camilleri, M. (2012). Pharmacology of the new treatments for lower gastrointestinal motility disorders and irritable bowel syndrome. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 91(1), 44-59.

Huether, S. 2 E., & McCance, K. L. (2012). 2 Understanding pathophysiology (Laureate custom ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

2 Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012c). 2 The gastrointestinal system. Baltimore, MD: Author.

5 National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. (2012). 5 Retrieved fromhttp://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/index.aspx DISORDERS OF MOTILITY

•  NR 103 Week 6 Transitions Paper – Delegation in Professional Nursing Paper (Delegation)
•   NR-103 Week 6 Transitions Paper – Rewarding Employees for Safety (Safety)
•   NR 103 Week 6 Transitions Paper – The Importance of Prioritizing Nurses (Prioritization)

Purpose

The purpose of this assignment is to explore a critical concept in nursing. The student will be able to demonstrate application of information literacy and ability to utilize resources (library, writing center, SmartThinking, APA resources, Turn-It-In, and others) through literature search and writing the paper. Required Uniform Assignment (RUA)

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Requirements and Guidelines

Pick one of the following topics and find a scholarly nursing journal article that discusses this
nursing topic. The topics are:

•   Safety
•   Delegation
•   Prioritization
•   Caring

After you find a scholarly nursing journal article using the Chamberlain library resources, you will
complete a 1-page summary and reflection on the article. The paper should be completed in APA
format and include the following:

•   A cover page (not included in the page number requirement).
•   A reference page (not included in the page number requirement).
•   One direct quote from one of your references, appropriately cited in the body of your paper.
•   One indirect quote (or paraphrased reference) appropriately cited in the body of your paper.
•   Citations and references in APA format. Required Uniform Assignment (RUA)

        effective treatment option for a wide range of disorders                

                 Group Processes

Group therapy is an effective treatment option for a wide range of disorders and is much more cost-efficient than individual therapy. As a result, many insurance companies are showing preference for group therapy over individual therapy. This has led to more therapists including group therapy in their practices, making it very likely that you will facilitate group therapy in the future. To successfully develop groups and apply this therapeutic approach, it is essential for you to have an understanding of group processes and formation .effective treatment option for a wide range of disorders

This week, as you examine group processes and stages of formation, you explore curative factors of groups and strategies for managing intragroup conflict. You also assess progress for a client family receiving psychotherapy and develop progress and privileged psychotherapy notes for the family.

                         Assignment: Group Processes and Stages of Formation

In your role, you must understand group processes and stages of formation, as this will help you develop groups and determine an individual’s appropriateness for group therapy. Whether you are at the beginning stages of group formation or facilitating a session for a developed group, it is important to consider factors that may influence individual client progress. 

For this Assignment, as you examine the video Group Therapy: A Live Demonstration in this week’s Learning Resources, consider the group’s processes, stages of formation, and other factors that might impact the effectiveness of group therapy for clients.

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                                                                                To prepare:

· Review this week’s Learning Resources and reflect on the insights they provide 

  on group processes.

· View the media, Group Therapy: A Live Demonstration, and consider the group  effective treatment option for a wide range of disorders

 dynamics. (THE VIDEO TRANSCRIPT IS ATTACHED TO THIS ASSIGNMENT)

                                               The Assignment

  In 3-page paper, address the following:

· Explain the group’s processes and stage of formation.

· Explain curative factors that occurred in the group. Include how these factors 

   might impact client progress.

· Explain intragroup conflict that occurred and recommend strategies for 

  managing the conflict. Support your recommendations with evidence-based 

  literature.

N.B: REMEMBER TO INCLUDE INTRODUCTION, CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES

                                                              Learning Resources

Required Readings

Yalom, I. D., & Leszcz, M. (2005). The theory and practice of group psychotherapy (5th ed.). New York, NY: Basic Books.

The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy, 5th Edition by Yalom, Irvin D. ; Leszcz, Molyn. Copyright 2005 by Hachette Books Group. Reprinted by permission of Hachette Books Group via the Copyright Clearance Center. 

Chapter 5, “The Therapist: Basic Tasks” (pp. 117–140)

Chapter 8, “The Selection of Clients” (pp. 231–258)

Chapter 9, “The Composition of Therapy Groups” (pp. 259–280)

Crane-Okada, R. (2012). The concept of presence in group psychotherapy: An operational definition. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 48(3), 156–164. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6163.2011.00320.x

Lerner, M. D., McLeod, B. D., & Mikami, A. Y. (2013). Preliminary evaluation of an observational measure of group cohesion for group psychotherapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(3), 191–208. doi:10.1002/jclp.21933

Nicholson, R. (2002). The dilemma of psychotherapy notes and HIPAA. Journal of AHIMA, 73(2), 38–39. Retrieved from http://library.ahima.org/doc?oid=58162#.V5J0__krLZ4http://library.ahima.org/doc?oid=58162#.V5J0__krLZ4 

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (n.d.). HIPAA privacy rule and sharing information related to mental health. Retrieved March 18, 2017, from http://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/special-topics/mental-health/ 

                                                    Required Media

Psychotherapy.net (Producer). (2011a). Group therapy: A live demonstration. [Video file]. Mill Valley, CA: Author. (SEE THE ATTACHED VIDEO TRANSCRIPT)

Optional Resources

American Counseling Association (Producer). (2015). Leading counseling groups with adults: A demonstration of the art of engagement. [Video file]. Alexandria, VA: Author. effective treatment option for a wide range of disorders

Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Introduction

Assignment: Applying Current Literature to Clinical Practice

Literature in psychotherapy differs from other areas of clinical practice. Generally, there are no clinical trials in psychotherapy because it is often neither appropriate nor ethical to have controls in psychotherapy research. This sometimes makes it more difficult to translate research findings into practice. In your role, however, you must be able to synthesize current literature and apply it to your own clients. For this Assignment, you begin practicing this skill by examining current literature on psychodynamic therapy and considering how it might translate into your own clinical practice. Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Introduction

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Learning Objective

· Evaluate the application of current literature to clinical practice

To prepare:

· Review and evaluate the psychodynamic therapy article attached in the file and reflect on the insights they provide.

The Assignment

In a 5- to 10-slide PowerPoint presentation, address the following:

· Provide an overview of the article you selected.

· What population is under consideration?

· What was the specific intervention that was used? Is this a new intervention or one that was already used?

· What were the author’s claims?

· Explain the findings/outcomes of the study in the article. Include whether this will translate into practice with your own clients. If so, how? If not, why?

· Explain whether the limitations of the study might impact your ability to use the findings/outcomes presented in the article. Support your position with evidence-based literature.

Note: The presentation should be 5-10 slides, not including the title and reference slides. Include presenter notes (no more than ½ page per slide) and use tables and/or diagrams where appropriate. Be sure to support your work with specific citations from the article you selected. Support your approach with evidence-based literature.

BELOW ARE THE ARTICLE TO SELECT FROM

Select one of the following articles on psychodynamic therapy to evaluate in your Assignment:

Aznar-Martinez, B., Perez-Testor, C., Davins, M., & Aramburu, I. (2016). Couple psychoanalytic psychotherapy as the treatment of choice: Indications, challenges, and benefits. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 33(1), 1–20. doi:10.1037/a0038503

Karbelnig, A. M. (2016). “The analyst is present”: Viewing the psychoanalytic process as performance art. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 33(supplement 1), S153–S172. doi:10.1037/a0037332

LaMothe, R. (2015). A future project of psychoanalytic psychotherapy: Revisiting the debate between classical/commitment and analytic therapies. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 32(2), 334–351. doi:10.1037/a0035982

Migone, P. (2013). Psychoanalysis on the Internet: A discussion of its theoretical implications for both online and offline therapeutic technique. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 30(2), 281–299. doi:10.1037/a0031507

Tummala-Narra, P. (2013). Psychoanalytic applications in a diverse society. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 30(3), 471–487. doi:10.1037/a0031375 Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Introduction