PPACA

1) Use your critical thinking skills to write a paper of 1,000–1,200 words that responds to the question, “Is the PPACA legislation an improvement or a liability to our health care delivery system?” Use examples to illustrate your points and include pros and cons of the changes.

2) Refer to the assigned readings to incorporate specific examples and details into your paper.

3) Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

4) This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.

Rubic

Demonstrates thorough knowledge of the principles of health care reform in the PPACA legislation. Clearly develops a strong analysis of the pros and cons. Introduces appropriate examples.

Supports main points with references, examples, and full explanations of how they apply. Thoughtfully analyzes, evaluates and describes major points of the criteria.

Thesis and/or main claim are comprehensive. The essence of the paper is contained within the thesis. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.

Clear and convincing argument presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative

Reading

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

What Are Accountable Care Organizations?

Creating Accountable Care Organizations

Asthma is a chronic lung disease caused by inflammation of the lower airways and episodes of airflow obstruction. Asthma episodes or attacks can vary from mild to life-threatening. In 2007, about 7% percent of the U.S. population was diagnosed with asthma and there have been a growing number of new cases since that time. There are several known risk factors identified as triggers of asthma symptoms and episodes, including inhalation of allergens or pollutants, infection, cold air, vigorous exercise, and emotional upsets. There is also growing evidence relating body-mass index to asthma in both children and adults. Design a study to investigate whether there is such an association.

Choose a study design and justify the reasons you chose the design over others.

Select a statistical measure you would use to describe the association (if there is one) between body mass index and asthma.

In addition, address:

1. Subject selection
2. Issues relating to the measurement of both the exposure and the outcome
3. Potential biases that the study might be prone to, and how they might be handled
4. Possible confounding factors and effect modifiers and how to overcome their effect

Present the information in a 750-1000-word report, using section headings where each requirement is described and justified under each of the following headings: Study Design, Statistical Measures, Subject Selection, and Measurement Issues.

Refer to the “Key Elements of a Research Proposal.”

You are required to use a minimum of three scholarly resources.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

Required Reading

Berke, D. M. (2016). Drive-by-doctoring: Contractual issues and regulatory solutions to increase patient protection from surprise medical bills. American Journal of Law and Medicine, 42(1), 170-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0098858816644720

Computers, software; minimizing Medicare fraud internally. (2015). State & Local Health Law Weekly, 23.

DuBois, J. M., Walsh, H. A., Chibnall, J. T., Anderson, E. E., Eggers, M. R., Fowose, M., & Ziobrowski, H. (2017). Sexual violation of patients by physicians: A mixed-methods, exploratory analysis of 101 cases. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment. ePub. Retrieved from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1079063217712217

Hospitals sued: Claims of sexual abuse, harassment. (2016, April 1) Healthcare Risk Management, 38(4). Retrieved from the Trident Online Library.

Kim, C. J. (2014). The trial of Conrad Murray: Prosecuting physicians for criminally negligent over-prescription. American Criminal Law Review 51(517). Retrieved from: http://www.americancriminallawreview.com/files/3214/0943/7056/Kim.pdf

Licensed professional counselors sentenced for roles in $9.5 million fraudulent billing health care fraud scheme to siphon and steal money from workers’ compensation program. (2016). Lanham: Federal Information & News Dispatch, Inc.

New Jersey Board of Medical Examiners imposes 5-year suspension on former prison doctor whose ‘gross negligence’ contributed to the death of state prison inmate in 2009 (2016, Aug 04). US Fed News Service. Retrieved from the Trident Online Library.

Showalter, J. S. (2015) Chapter 1: The Anglo-American legal system. In The law of healthcare administration. Chicago: Health Administration Press.

Showalter, J. S. (2015) Chapter 15: Fraud laws and corporate compliance. In The law of healthcare administration. Chicago: Health Administration Press.

Teegardin, C., Robbins, D., Ernsthausen, J., & Hart, A. (2016) Doctors & sexual abuse. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved from: http://doctors.ajc.com/

U.S. Department of Justice (2016, July 6). Dental management company Benevis and its affiliated Kool Smiles Dental Clinics to pay $23.9 million to settle False Claims Act allegations relating to medically unnecessary pediatric dental services. Retrieved from: https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/dental-management-company-benevis-and-its-affiliated-kool-smiles-dental-clinics-pay-239

Optional Reading

Benevis, Kool Smiles to pay $23.9 million in settlement with Department of Justice. (2018, Jan 12). ADA News. Retrieved from https://www.ada.org/en/publications/ada-news/2018-archive/january/benevis-kool-smiles-to-pay-239-million-in-settlement-with-department-of-justice

Dance, S. (2014, Sep 03) Dando won’t face trial: Sexual assault charges dropped; doctor gives up his state license. The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved from the Trident Online Library.

Metrick, B. (2017, Mar 02). Doctor guilty of sexual assault, drugging. Public Opinion. Retrieved from the Trident Online Library.

Sanderson, S. (2018, Jan 26) Casper doctor found guilty of sexually assaulting patients. Casper Star Tribune. Retrieved from: http://trib.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/casper-doctor-found-guilty-of-sexually-assaulting-patients/article_e323fd54-ad21-5681-a70e-639d589274f0.html#tracking-source=home-top-story-1

Temecula doctor convicted of 25 charges in sexual assault case. (2017, March 1). Temecula Patch.Retrieved from: https://patch.com/california/temecula/temecula-doctor-convicted-25-charges-sexual-assault-case

Twohey, M. (2010, Apr 30) Women charged rape; doctor still practiced: Since 2000, 7 women have accused Dr. Bruce Sylvester Smith of sexual assault. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved from: http://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/health/chi-100430doctor-story.html

HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT:

The 2018 trial of gymnastics doctor Dr. Larry Nassar has shone a light on sexual abuse and misconduct by medical professionals. After reviewing the background literature, discuss the following in a 3- to 5-page paper.

1. Choose a case focused on assault and/or sexual abuse from the background readings or from your own research and provide a brief synopsis of the case and the outcome.
2. After reviewing State Report Cards, provide an analysis of the current state of protections for victims as well as penalties for perpetrators. Be sure to provide specific examples to support your analysis.
   
   State report cards retrieved from: Datar, S. (2016). State report cards: How well does your state protect patients? The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved from: http://doctors.ajc.com/states/
3. What are the ethical responsibilities of other professionals (colleagues, medical boards, employers, etc.) who may be aware of improper conduct by a medical provider? Be sure to discuss ethical principles covered earlier in the course.

Assignment Expectations

1. Conduct additional research to gather sufficient information to support your analysis.
2. Limit your response to a maximum of 3-5 pages.
3. Support your paper with peer-reviewed articles and reliable sources, and use at least 3 references. For additional information on how to recognize peer-reviewed journals, see http://www.angelo.edu/services/library/handouts/peerrev.php and for evaluating internet sources:
   https://www.library.georgetown.edu/tutorials/research-guides/evaluating-internet-content
4. You may use the following source to assist in your formatting your assignment: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

To help you move forward with your Course Project, this week you identify a quality issue that you would like to address and submit a description of this issue for Instructor feedback.   Your proposed issue should reflect a genuine need for improvement within your selected health care organization. Through your Course Project, you will analyze this issue and propose strategies to improve outcome(s), including the redesign of a related process.  

To prepare: •Review the six quality improvement aims from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) presented in Chapter 3 of the Sadeghi, Barzi, Mikhail, and Shabot text. 

•Conduct a search of the literature to help you identify a specific issue that warrants attention and action to promote quality improvement. 

•Consider what you have surmised thus far through your analysis of the organization that you selected. What have you noticed that could help you identify a quality-related need for improvement? For instance: 

•What has captured your attention in meetings, reports, and/or daily activities? 

•Have you noticed discrepancies between activities in the organization and recommendations in the research literature, quality standards, and/or the organization’s stated policies and procedures? 

•If so, what do you think could be the reason(s) for variations or gaps between what you have observed and what is recommended?  

•Identify a quality improvement issue that you would like to investigate for this project.

The instructions for this assignment asks for students to identify a quality improvement issue, and provide a description of the issue they wish to pursue. This can be accomplished in 2 paragraphs.

ReferencesHickey, J. V., & Brosnan, C. A. (2017). Evaluation  of health care quality in for DNPs (2nd  ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.  

•Chapter 10, “Evaluation of Patient Care Standards, Guidelines, and Protocols” (pp. 207-226)

 •Chapter 12, “Evaluating Populations and Population Health” (pp. 265-280) Chapter 10 reviews methods for using national, local, and organizational standards to evaluate the quality of health care practices. Chapter 12 examines strategies for identifying quality issues through the evaluation of populations.   Sadeghi, S., Barzi, A., Mikhail, O., & Shabot, M. M. (2013). Integrating quality and strategy in health care organizations, Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. 

 •Chapter 3, “General Concepts in Quality” (pp. 45–82) See the six aims for quality proposed by the Institute of Medicine (IOM).   Bellot, J. (2011). Defining and assessing organizational culture. Nursing Forum, 46(1), 29–37.

 APA style with citation, needs 3 credible sources reference not later than 2013.

Discussion

Patients with endocrine and musculoskeletal disorders often require long-term treatment and care resulting in the need for extensive patient education. By appropriately educating patients, advanced practice nurses can assist patients with the management of their disorders. In clinical settings, patients with endocrine and musculoskeletal disorders typically seek treatment for symptoms that pose problems to their everyday lives as ordinary tasks may become difficult to complete. For instance, patients might have difficulty walking short distances, preparing meals, or even running errands. To reduce these symptoms and additional health risks, it is essential to develop drug therapy plans with individual patient factors in mind.

To prepare:

• -Select one of the following endocrine or musculoskeletal disorders: thyroid disease, osteoarthritis, rheumatic arthritis, gout, multiple sclerosis, or fibromyalgia. Consider the types of drugs that would be prescribed to patients to treat symptoms associated with this disorder.
• -Select one of the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how this factor might impact the effects of prescribed drugs, as well as any measures you might take to help reduce negative side effects.

With these thoughts in mind:

By Day 3

Post a description of the endocrine or musculoskeletal disorder you selected including types of drugs that would be prescribed to patients to treat associated symptoms. Then, explain how the factor you selected might impact the effects of prescribed drugs, as well as any measures you might take to help reduce negative side effects.