The pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation

Assignment: Asthma

Complications of asthma can be sudden. Consider the case of Bradley Wilson, a young boy who had several medical conditions. He appeared in good health when he went to school, returned home, and ate dinner. However, when he later went outside to play, he came back inside wheezing. An ambulance took him to the hospital where he was pronounced dead (Briscoe, 2012). In another case, 10-year-old Dynasty Reese, who had mild asthma, woke up in the middle of the night and ran to her grandfather’s bedroom to tell him she couldn’t breathe. By the time paramedics arrived, she had passed out and was pronounced dead at the hospital (Glissman, 2012). These situations continue to outline the importance of recognizing symptoms of asthma and providing immediate treatment, as well as distinguishing minor symptoms from serious, life-threatening symptoms. Since these symptoms and attacks are often induced by a trigger, as an advanced practice nurse, you must be able to help patients identify their triggers and recommend appropriate treatment options. For this reason, you need to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation. The pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation

To Prepare

· Review “Asthma” in Chapter 27 of the Huether and McCance text. Identify the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation. Consider how these disorders are similar and different.

· Select a patient factor different from the one you selected in this week’s Discussion: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Think about how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of both disorders. Reflect on how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected.

· Review the “Mind maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in the Week 2 Learning Resources. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct two mind maps—one for chronic asthma and one for acute asthma exacerbation. Consider the epidemiology and clinical presentation of both chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation.

To Complete

Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:

· Describe the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation. Be sure to explain the changes in the arterial blood gas patterns during an exacerbation.

· Explain how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of both disorders. Describe how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment for a patient based on the factor you selected The pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation

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· Construct two mind maps—one for chronic asthma and one for acute asthma exacerbation. Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation, as well as the diagnosis and treatment you explained in your paper.

By Day 7

This Assignment is due.

Note:  The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/57.htm ). All papers submitted must use this formatting.

Reference Briscoe, K. (2012, May 12). Thetford: mother of Bradley Wilson, who died of asthma attack, told there was nothing she could have done. East Anglian Daily Times. Retrieved fromhttp://www.eadt.co.uk/news/thetford_mother_of_bradley_wilson_who_died_of_asthma_attack_told_there_was_nothing_she_could_have_done_1_1375128  Glissman, B. (2012, May 21). Girl’s death puts focus on asthma’s broader grip. Omaha World-Herald. Retrieved from http://www.omaha.com/article/20120521/LIVEWELL01/305219975

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

· Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK6Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.

· Click the Week 6 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.

· Click the Week 6 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.

· Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK6Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.

· If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.

· Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 6 Assignment Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

Submit your Week 6 Assignment draft and review the originality report. The pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation

The purpose of this paper is to define, describe and explain your personal beliefs about the four concepts of the nursing metaparadigm and their 

inter-relationship to one another as they guide your current nursing practice. There are no right or wrong thoughts, feelings or beliefs; these represent your own philosophical beliefs. Then you must correlate or link your current philosophy to one particular nursing theory(ies), identify these. The final paper is to be typed according to APA format and no more than 4 pages in length. The paper should include a title page and reference list, however, these pages are not to be included in the final count. Evaluation criteria are as follows:  Factors influencing the development of the personal nursing philosophy

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Criteria for Personal Philosophy of Nursing Paper:

1. Introduction & Brief description identifies purpose of the paper and the factors influencing the development of the personal nursing philosophy. 1.5%  

2. Define, describe and explain your personal thoughts, feelings and beliefs about the concepts of the 4 nursing metaparadigms: 3.5%  Factors influencing the development of the personal nursing philosophy

a. Person/client  

b. Environment  

c. Health  

d. Nursing  

3. Identification and brief description of the nursing theory(ies) found to be the most compatible with the student’s personal nursing philosophy. 3.5%  

4. Provided in-depth explanation with specific documentation, that demonstratescompatibility of personal philosophy with the nursing theory(ies) identified in #4 according to:  

3.5%  

5. Summary and conclusion 1.5%  

6. Organization, documentation, references followed APA format. 1.5%  

PLEASE REFER TO THE ATTACHED FILE 

Overview

Create a 3–5-page draft for a strategic plan for your selected organization using a TOWS matrix and portfolio analysis in addition to any other appropriate tool of your choosing.

Note: The assessments in this course are presented in sequence and must be completed in order.

The TOWS Matrix is a decision-making process for developing strategic alternatives. You will be able to better develop a more effective strategic plan based upon an in-depth understand of the current environment.

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria: The TOWS matrix and portfolio analysis

•Competency 1: Analyze organizational structure, design, culture, and climate in relation to environmental forces. ◦Apply methodologies from the knowledge-economy management approach appropriately to the organization.

◦Integrate recent research into a strategic management plan.

•Competency 2: Develop a strategic organizational plan that provides human and financial resources to support targeted organizational outcomes. ◦Synthesize operational and financial components into a strategic planning process.

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◦Analyze strategy in relation to achieving competitive advantage.

•Competency 3: Recommend an organizational structure and design to optimize a strategic plan. ◦Recommend an alternative organizational structure model that aligns with organizational goals.

Context

Development of strategies involves awareness of the environment, intellectual curiosity, and a willingness to be open to creative ideas and solutions.

The Assessment 2 Context document contains important information about the following topics related to Adaptive and Market Entry strategies:

•The TOWS Matrix.

•Service/Product Life Cycle.

•Product (or service) Development Process.

•Strategy Implementation & Organizational Culture.

•When Cultures Need Changing.

Questions to Consider

To deepen your understanding, you are encouraged to consider the questions below and discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested friend, or a member of the business community The TOWS matrix and portfolio analysis

Required Resources (Attached)

The following resources are required to complete the assessment.

Click the links provided below to view the following multimedia pieces:

•Riverbend City: Ruby Lake Evacuation Mission | Transcript.

•TOWS Matrix.

Suggested Resources

The following optional resources are provided to support you in completing the assessment or to provide a helpful context. For additional resources, refer to the Research Resources and Supplemental Resources in the left navigation menu of your courseroom.

Library Resources

The following e-books or articles from the Capella University Library are linked directly in this course:

•Ginter, P. M., Duncan, W. J., & Swayne, L. E. (2013). Strategic management of health care organizations (7th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. ◦Chapter 7, “Evaluation of Alternatives and Strategic Choice,” pages 255–304.

◦Chapter 8, “Value-Adding Service Delivery Strategies,” pages 307–341.

•Littlejohns, P., Sharma, T., & Jeong, K. (2012). Social values and health priority setting in England: “Values”-based decision making. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 26(3), 363–373.

Assessment Instructions

Note: Assessment 1, Current Environmental Analysis, must be completed before beginning this assessment. You will be revisiting and revising strategies throughout each of the assessments in this course. Each assessment builds on your previous work.

Step One: Critical Thinking Skills Practice

The TOWS Matrix is a decision-making process for developing strategic alternatives. Your ability to think critically is key to organizing your thoughts throughout the strategic planning process.

In preparation for this assessment, you are required to view the Riverbend City: Ruby Lake Evacuation Mission simulation (linked in the Resources). This activity is an ideal setting to practice thoughtful application of critical thinking skills. This media piece addresses multiple competencies, some of which are difficult to practice and assess without a real world or a simulated setting. As you begin your TOWS matrix, keep the following categories of critical thought in mind as you consider the threats, opportunities, strengths, and weaknesses of the Ruby Lake Evacuation scenario The TOWS matrix and portfolio analysis

•Assumptions: What assumptions are being taking for granted by the people in this simulation? What alternative assumptions could be useful in this situation?

•Information: What information did people have and what kind of information were they missing?

•Fairness: How was intellectual and intercultural fairness demonstrated?

•Criteria for Evaluation: What criteria would you use to evaluate the quality of the information, implementation and/or effectiveness?

Complete a practice TOWS Matrix for this scenario before proceeding to Step Two. This practice matrix does not need to be submitted.

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Step Two: Complete a TOWS Matrix

Apply the same critical thought process to a real world setting that is relevant for your selected health care organization’s future success. In addition to completing a TOWS matrix, you may use any other appropriate analysis tools to determine alternative strategies.

Include the following as you develop alternative strategies:

•Incorporate the use of new methodologies from the knowledge-economy management approach that might be appropriate for this organization.

•Correlate recent research findings regarding strategy management into your approach.

•Synthesize operational and financial components in your strategic planning process.

•Incorporate your findings from your current environment analysis.

•Determine the organizational structure that best facilitates the strategy—functional, divisional, or matrix.

Step Three: Draft Strategic Plan

Re-examine your work from Assessment 1 and create a high level draft of a strategic plan that incorporates insights from your environmental analysis and the TOWS matrix exercise.The goal is to focus upon application of the concepts and new insight. Keep it brief and substantive.

Preface your draft with the core assumptions regarding environmental opportunities and threats, organizational strengths and weaknesses, and organizational behavior dynamics that are foundational to the strategy.

Include a brief description of the proposed strategy that reflects the choices made regarding:

•Service/product domain The TOWS matrix and portfolio analysis

•Market domain.

•Level of investment in the respective service/product and market domains.

•Positioning approach for achieving competitive advantage.

•Maneuvers that will be used to implement the positioning approach.

•Distinctive competencies or assets that will be relied on to gain and sustain competitive advantage.

Additional Requirements

Submit your selected health organization’s TOWS Matrix from Step Two, with the high-level components of a strategic plan, as an attachment to this assessment.

•Length: 3–5 double-spaced, typed pages. Note: Feel free to construct images/diagrams to summarize information where appropriate (for example, TOWS matrix…).

•APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to current APA style and formatting.

•Resources: Use evidence from the literature to support your recommendations The TOWS matrix and portfolio analysis

Overview

Create a 4-6 page annotated bibliography and summary based on your research related to best practices addressing a current health care problem or issue of interest to you.

For this assessment, you will select and research a current health care problem or issue faced by a health care organization. Read each portion of the assessment carefully and use the Suggested Resources to help you complete the assessment. This assessment provides an opportunity to apply research skills to a current health care problem or issue.

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:

Competency 1: Apply information literacy and library research skills to obtain scholarly information in the field of health care. Health care problem or issue faced by a health care organization

· Identify academic peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to a health care problem or issue and describe the criteria used for the literature search.

· Summarize what was learned from developing an annotated bibliography.

Competency 2: Apply scholarly information through critical thinking to solve problems in the field of health care.

· Assess the credibility and relevance of information sources.

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· Analyze academic peer-reviewed journal articles using the annotated bibliography organizational format.

Competency 4: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and respectful of the diversity, dignity, and integrity of others, and that is consistent with expectations for health care professionals.

· Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.

· Write following APA style for in-text citations, quotes, and references.

Assessment Instructions

Note: The requirements outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. At a minimum, be sure to address each point. In addition, you are encouraged to review the performance level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed.

For this assessment, you will research best practices related to a current health care problem. Your selected problem or issue will be utilized again in Assessment 3. To explore your chosen topic, you should use the first two steps of the Socratic Problem-Solving Approach as described on Campus to aid your critical thinking. Health care problem or issue faced by a health care organization

1. View the Assessment Topic Areas media piece linked in the Resources and select one of the health care problems or issues in the media piece to research. Write a brief overview of the selected topic. In your overview: 

. Describe the health care problem or issue.

. Describe your interest in the topic.

. Describe any professional experience you have with this topic.

· Conduct a search for scholarly or academic peer-reviewed literature related to the topic and describe the criteria you used to search for articles, including the names of the databases you used. 

. You will want to access the applicable Undergraduate Library Research Guide related to your degree (found at the NHS Learner Success Lab) for tips to help you in your search.

. Use keywords related to the health care problem or issue you are researching to select relevant articles.

· Assess the credibility of the information sources you find. 

. Determine if the source is from an academic peer-reviewed journal.

. Determine if the publication is current.

. Determine if information in the academic peer-reviewed journal article is still relevant.

· Select four current scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles published during the past three to five years that relate to your topic.

· Explain the relevance of the information sources. 

. Describe how the health care problem or issue is addressed in each source.

. Discuss what kind of contribution each source provides on your selected topic.

· Analyze the scholarly literature or academic peer-reviewed journal articles using the annotated bibliography organizational format.  Health care problem or issue faced by a health care organization

. The purpose of an annotated bibliography is to document a list of references along with key information about each one. The detail about the reference is the annotation. Developing this annotated bibliography will create a foundation of knowledge about the selected topic.

. List the full reference for the source in APA format (author, date, title, publisher, et cetera) and use APA format for the annotated bibliography.

. Make sure the references are listed in alphabetical order, are double-spaced, and use hanging indents.

. Follow the reference with the annotation.

· In your annotation: 

. Identify the purpose of the article.

. Summarize the source: 

. What are the main arguments?

. What topics are covered?

· Include the conclusions and findings of the article.

· Write your annotation in a paragraph form. The annotation should be approximately 150 words (1 to 3 paragraphs) in length.

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· In a separate paragraph or two at the end of the paper, summarize what you learned from your research. 

· List the main points you learned about.

· Summarize the main contributions of the sources you chose and how they enhanced your knowledge about the topic.

Example Assessment: You may use the assessment example, linked in the Assessment Example section of the Resources, to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like.

Additional Requirements

1. Length: At least 4 typed, double-spaced pages, not including the title page and reference page.

2. Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.

3. APA Template: Use the APA Style Paper Template as the paper format and the APA Style Paper Tutorial for guidance. See the Resources for these documents.

4. Written communication: Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.

5. Content: Provide a title page and reference page following APA style.

6. References: Use at least four scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles.

7. APA format: Follow current APA guidelines for in-text citation of outside sources in the body of your paper and also on the reference page.

8. Turnitin: Submit your assessment to Turnitin prior to grading. Then, only submit your final assessment to faculty for grading.

Note: Review the Applying Research Skills Scoring Guide for the grading criteria applied to this assessment.

If you would like assistance in organizing your assessment, or if you simply have a question about your assessment, please do not hesitate to ask your courseroom instructor or the teaching assistants in the NHS Learner Success Lab for guidance and suggestions. Health care problem or issue faced by a health care organization

Literature in psychotherapy differs from other areas of clinical practice. Generally, there are no clinical trials in psychotherapy because it is often neither appropriate nor ethical to have controls in psychotherapy research. This sometimes makes it more difficult to translate research findings into practice. In your role, however, you must be able to synthesize current literature and apply it to your own clients. For this Assignment, you begin practicing this skill by examining current literature on psychodynamic therapy and considering how it might translate into your own clinical practice. ( see attachment) Applying Current Literature to Clinical Practice

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Learning Objectives

Students will:

• Evaluate the application of current literature to clinical practice

To prepare:

• Review this week’s Learning Resources and reflect on the insights they provide.
• Select one of the psychodynamic therapy articles from the Learning Resources to evaluate for this Assignment.

Note:In nursing practice, it is not uncommon to review current literature and share findings with your colleagues. Approach this Assignment as though you were presenting the information to your colleagues.

The Assignment

In a 5- to 10-slide PowerPoint presentation, address the following:

• Provide an overview of the article you selected.
  • What population is under consideration?
  • What was the specific intervention that was used? Is this a new intervention or one that was already used?
  • What were the author’s claims? Applying Current Literature to Clinical Practice
• Explain the findings/outcomes of the study in the article. Include whether this will translate into practice with your own clients. If so, how? If not, why?
• Explain whether the limitations of the study might impact your ability to use the findings/outcomes presented in the article. Support your position with evidence-based literature.

Note:The presentation should be 5–10 slides, not including the title and reference slides. Include presenter notes (no more than ½ page per slide) and use tables and/or diagrams where appropriate. Be sure to support your work with specific citations from the article you selected. Support your approach with evidence-based literature.