Effect associated with antiepileptic medications is CNS depression

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QUESTION 1

1. What lab value will best reflect renal function in a client taking multiple medicines?

creatinine clearance
potassium levels
sodium levels
urinalysis

0.5 points   

QUESTION 2

1. Which teaching point is correct with respect to the concept of “tolerance”?

Tolerance is a state where people become used to pain, and therefore need less pain medicine.
In tolerance, larger doses are needed to achieve prior effects because a body learns to push back.
Tolerance occurs in slow metabolizers. Slow metabolism leads to prolonged sedation.
Tolerance occurs in fast metabolizers. Faster metabolism leads to faster sedation.

0.5 points   

QUESTION 3

1. Which statement regarding the blood-brain barrier demonstrates a need for further teaching?

“It can protect the brain from potentially toxic substance injuries.”
“It can be a significant obstacle to entry of therapeutic agents.”
“It is not fully developed at birth.”
“It lets in therapeutic agents in but filters out everything else.”

0.5 points   

QUESTION 4

1. A client who has been taking an antiepileptic medication with a narrow therapeutic window for 2 weeks seems confused and forgetful. What should be the priority action of the nurse?

Call the prescriber and have them change the seizure medication.
Give an antihistamine under house protocol to stop the allergic response.
Seek a plasma drug level order from the client’s prescriber.
Set up oxygen and obtain an order for activated charcoal.

0.5 points   

QUESTION 5

1. The nurse is assessing a client who has requested an adrenergic drug for dyspnea. Which sign would make the nurse hesitate to give the medication?

Pulse oximetry saturation of 88%
Blood pressure of 130/86
Respiratory rate of 28
Irregular heart rate of 122

0.5 points   

QUESTION 6

1. A nurse is caring for a client being treated with Minipress (prazosin), an alpha blocker. What counseling should the client receive?

Rise slowly from lying to standing to avoid dizziness and a possible fall.
Void before taking the medication to avoid urine retention
Take a daily laxative to avoid constipation
Avoid drinking more than 600 mls of fluid per day while taking this medication

0.5 points   

QUESTION 7

1. For which client would a beta adrenergic blocker like Atenolol be prescribed?

A client with urinary retention
A client who suffers from diarrhea
A hypertensive client with a heart rate of 104
A client who suffers from asthma

0.5 points   

QUESTION 8

1. How would a nurse explain the way pilocarpine (Salagen), a cholinergic, would resolve dry mouth symptoms?

It stimulates salivation by blocking nicotinic receptors
It stimulates salivation by stimulating muscarinic receptors
It stimulates salivation by stimulating alpha receptors in the brain
It stimulates salivation by redirecting fluid from the optic nerve

0.5 points   

QUESTION 9

1. A client with Alzheimer’s disease has been taking Exelon (rivastigmine), a cholinesterase inhibitor for a week. What anticipated side effects of this cholinergic medication would the nurse anticipate?

Numbness and tingling in the extremities
Hypertension, tachycardia, and palpations
Diarrhea, urgency and possible bradycardia
Tinnitus and hearing loss

0.5 points   

QUESTION 10

1. A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client whose family reports that she had taken an overdose of diazepam. Which of the following medications should the nurse have available to reverse the CNS depression caused by this drug?

Ondasteron (Zofran)
Magnesium sulfate
Flumazanil (Romazicon)
Protamine sulfate

0.5 points   

QUESTION 11

1. The client diagnosed with a general anxiety disorder is prescribed alprazolam (Xanax), a benzodiazepine. Which information should the clinic nurse discuss with the client?

Explain to the client that this medication is intended for short-term use only.
Tell the client to expect rigidity as a side effect
Tell the client to avoid foods that are high in vitamin K
Instruct the client to take the medication before driving to avoid transit anxiety

0.5 points   

QUESTION 12

1. A nurse is caring for a patient who has been taking phenytoin (Dilantin) for 6 weeks. Upon review of the laboratory results, the nurse notes that the patient’s phenytoin level is 18 mcg/mL. What is the nurse’s best action?

The nurse should contact the prescriber to suggest a dose increase.
This drug level is in the therapeutic range, so the nurse can give the medicine as ordered.
Suspect that another drug is preventing Phenytoin metabolism, and hold the causative medication.
This drug level is too high; the nurse should contact the prescriber about reducing the dose.

0.5 points   

QUESTION 13

1. The provider is considering starting a diabetic client on valproic acid (Depakote) for nerve pain this week. During the health history, the patient tells the nurse, “I drink a six pack of beer daily and two to three six packs on weekends.” What would be the priority nursing action?

Obtain a lab order to assess his current level of valproic acid.
Tell the client his alcoholism is causing his nerve pain, so medicine won’t help.
Seek an order for liver function labs to see if Depakote would be safe for him
Reassure the client that beer and Depakote are compatible

0.5 points   

QUESTION 14

1. A nurse is reviewing a client’s list of medications and notices that he is taking two anticholinergics. Which of his recent symptoms could be caused by his anticholinergic medications? (Select all that apply)

Epigastric distress
Tachycardia
Dry mouth
Frequent loose stools
Blurred vision

0.5 points   

QUESTION 15

1. A client is using a prn scopolamine patch for motion sickness. Knowing that the medication has anticholinergic side effects, the client should be taught to anticipate which side effects? (Select all that apply!) |

Urine retention
Blurred vision
Dry mouth
Diarrhea
Wheezes

0.5 points   

QUESTION 16

1. A nurse is taking a history on a client admitted for medication related syncope. Which of these comments from the client needs to be reported to the physician? (Select all that apply)

“I just gave you my medication list the last time I was here. Nothing’s changed! Look it up!”
“I’m taking an herbal supplements to help me sleep, but nothing else is changed.”
“I’m taking over-the-counter substitutes for the medicines I can’t afford.”
“I get my medicines over the internet, so I never run out of medicine. It’s cheaper”
“I wish I didn’t have to bother the doctor every time I need a medication refill.
“My cardiologist never orders anything. He just tells my regular doctor what to order.”

0.5 points   

QUESTION 17

1. The most common adverse effect associated with antiepileptic medications is CNS depression. Knowing this, which signs and symptoms would the nurse watch for during assessments? (Select all that apply!)

Drooling
Insomnia
Confusion
Hyperventilation
Unsteady gate

0.5 points   

QUESTION 18

1. A nurse recognizes that the actions of benzodiazepines include which of the following benefits? (Select all that apply.)

Sleep facilitation
Relief of general anxiety
Suppression of seizures and/or seizure activity
Reversal of Parkinsonism
Improvement of muscle coordination

0.5 points   

QUESTION 19

1. What advice should parents of a child taking Ritalin (methylphenidate) receive? (Select all that apply)

Insomnia is a risk. Give the medication in the morning
It should always be given before the meal
It is cheaper (wisest), to order the medication via the internet.
It is a C2 substance. Automatic refills are not allowed.
It is a gateway drug to other stimulants. Teens seek it to lose weight. Keep control of it.
There is no need to worry about addiction in these medications in well-adjusted children.

0.5 points   

QUESTION 20

1. A 68 year old male has a history of seizures and has been taking phenytoin (Dilantin) for years. His last seizure occurred 2 years ago, so he has decided that he no longer needs the medication. What would be the best action of the nurse? (Select all that apply.)

Recommend that he start cutting his pills in half, and see how it goes
Affirm his plan to stop taking it, but tell him to restart it if tremors occur
Recommend that he develop a withdrawal plan with his prescriber
Educate the client that suddenly stopping the drug could precipitate seizures.
Tell the client that once a medication for seizures is started it can never be stopped.

Model of conflict resolution and explain how a nurse manager, might resolve conflict

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–APA Format.

-Introduction or abstract page

-Summary or Conclusion page

–Four Pages Minimum, not included Introduction or abstract, Conclusion or Summary , and Bibliographic pages.

–Completely UNACCEPTABLE Copy and Paste from Internet, or other resources.

– Bibliographic have to be in APA Format, minimum 3 references citations with 3 years old  or less.

Isaac has worked as a staff nurse on the telemetry floor for over 15 years. He holds seniority in the unit. His patient care is satisfactory; however, his interpersonal behaviors are becoming an increasing issue for his coworkers. He throws papers around the unit, gives short answers to questions, and seems generally miserable. He tells the staff that they are lazy and stupid. He is constantly questioning their decisions. You have come from another local hospital in the role of the assistant nurse manager. Based on your observations, you have met with Isaac informally and discussed his behaviors, but they have not changed. Now three new nurses have already come to you saying that this unit is a great match for them, except for one problem. Although they have not identified Isaac by name, they have told you that one of the nurses is extremely abusive verbally, and they have been calling in sick on the days they are scheduled to work with this person.

1. What are your responsibilities as an assistant nurse manager in regard to Isaac’s behavior problem?

2. What is the next step in dealing with Isaac’s behaviors?

3. How will you, as the manager, have Isaac develop more effective people skills?

This is your first position as a nurse manager. The holidays are rapidly approaching, and the hospital policy states that each unit will negotiate holiday coverage individually. You are already getting requests via e-mail and on Post-it notes for holiday time. Several staff members have come to you stating that they “never” seem to get their requests for holidays. Discussion among the staff members is creating dissension and conflict.

1. Discuss the potential impact of this problem on you and the unit staff.

2. Describe a minimum of one positive consequence and one negative consequence of this conflict.

3. Select a model of conflict resolution and explain how you, as a nurse manager, might resolve this conflict.

The Dangers of failing to consider the Validity of a Research Study

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Validity in research refers to the extent researchers can be confident that the cause and effect they identify in their research are in fact causal relationships. If there is low validity in a study, it usually means that the research design is flawed, and the results will be of little or no value. Four different aspects of validity should be considered when reviewing a research design: statistical conclusion validity, internal validity, construct validity, and external validity. In this Discussion, you consider the importance of each of these aspects in judging the validity of quantitative research.

To prepare:

Review the information in Chapter 10 of the course text on rigor and validity.

Read the method section of one of the following quasi-experimental studies (also located in this week’s Learning Resources). Identify at least one potential concern that could be raised about the study’s internal validity.

Metheny, N. A., Davis-Jackson, J., & Stewart, B. J. (2010). Effectiveness of an aspiration risk-reduction protocol. Nursing Research, 59(1), 18–25.

Padula, C. A., Hughes, C., & Baumhover, L. (2009). Impact of a nurse-driven mobility protocol on functional decline in hospitalized older adults. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 24(4), 325–331.

Yuan, S., Chou, M., Hwu, L., Chang, Y., Hsu, W., & Kuo, H. (2009). An intervention program to promote health-related physical fitness in nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18(10), 1,404–1,411.

Consider Strategies that could be used to strengthen the study’s internal Validity and How this would impact the Three Other Types of Validity.

Think about the consequences of an advanced practice nurse neglecting to consider the validity of a research study When reviewing the research for potential use in developing an Evidence-Based Practice.

By Day 3

Post the Title of the study that you selected and your Analysis of the potential concerns that could be raised about the study’s internal validity.

Propose Recommendations to strengthen the Internal Validity and Assess the effect your Changes could have with regard to the other Three types of Validity.

Discuss the Dangers of failing to consider the Validity of a Research Study

The impact on the health care delivery system

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The benchmark assesses the following competencies:

1.4 Participate in health care policy development to influence nursing practice and health care.

Research public health issues on the “Climate Change” or “Topics and Issues” pages of the American Public Health Association (APHA) website. Investigate a public health issue related to an environmental issue within the U.S. health care delivery system and examine its effect on a specific population.

Write a 750-1,000-word policy brief that summarizes the issue, explains the effect on the population, and proposes a solution to the issue.

Follow this outline when writing the policy brief:

Describe the policy health issue. Include the following information: (a) what population is affected, (b) at what level does it occur (local, state, or national), and (c) evidence about the issues supported by resources.

Create a problem statement.

Provide suggestions for addressing the health issue caused by the current policy. Describe what steps are required to initiate policy change. Include necessary stakeholders (government officials, administrator) and budget or funding considerations, if applicable.

Discuss the impact on the health care delivery system.

Include three peer-reviewed sources and two other sources to support the policy brief.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

How you introduce this prospective change to your staff

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Rebecca is the manager of an Intermediate Care Unit of a major urban hospital. Administration has informed Rebecca that there are going to be some major changes on the unit. Studies have shown that, instead of centralized nursing stations, small modules between patient rooms are more effective. This brings the nurses closer to the patients. Rebecca was part of a management task force that visited hospitals with this type of structure, and, together, the task force decided on the particular floor plan.The remodeling will only take one month, and Rebecca wants to be sure the staff is ready for this change. She knows there will be resistance, and she wants to be able to handle that.

Discuss this case and the following issues:

1-How would you introduce this prospective change to your staff?

2-What change theory would you apply to help you?

3-What trust- building behaviors might help you? (From The Speed of Trust)

4-How would you handle a staff member that was spreading negativity? (Consider your style of conflict resolution.)

Your response should consist of complete sentences and should be at least one complete paragraph, but it should be no more than three paragraphs in length

Strategic Plan Resource Idnetification

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 Strategic Plan Resource Identification

At Jones Memorial, a well-known trauma center in a densely populated urban area, administrators and the rest of the strategic planning team are considering adopting a new health information technology system. They anticipate this will help to monitor health care quality and patient safety, improve communication, and streamline patient flow from intake through discharge and billing.

What resources may be needed to successfully implement this change? What considerations related to finances, personnel, and timeline should health care leader-managers and others take into account?

This week, you examine the process of assessing resource needs for a proposed change and allocating the required resources appropriately. For your Course Project, you apply budgeting concepts to evaluate the financial resources that may be needed and use a Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) or other tool to create a timeline for your proposed change.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

· Analyze fiscal, human, and time resources needed for meeting unmet health care-related needs

· Apply performance measurement concepts to the creation of metrics for a proposed planned change

· Apply budgeting and timeline concepts to the creation of strategic planning tools

Photo Credit: alengo/E+/Getty Images

Learning Resources

Note:  To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2017). Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

· Chapter 1, “Pitfalls in Using Decision-Making Tools”

· Chapter 10, “Fiscal Planning”

(Note: You may have read this in a previous course.)

See page 23 for an example of a PERT chart. Chapter 10 provides foundational information related to budgeting.

Sare, M. V., & Ogilvie, L. (2010). Strategic planning for nurses: Change management in health care. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.

· Chapter 5, “Tools from the Strategic Planning Workbench” (pp. 83–100)

· Appendix 7, “Sample Template of the Strategic Planning Process” (pp. 142–143)

Chapter 5 provides an overview of tools that can be used to guide strategic planning. Appendix 7 provides a template you may use to prepare for your Course Project.

Inc. (n.d.). Budgets and budgeting. Retrieved from https://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/budgets-and-budgeting.html

This website examines strategies for creating a budget.

Mind Tools. (2013). Critical path analysis and PERT charts. Retrieved from http://www.mindtools.com/critpath.html

Mind Tools has numerous resources that facilitate and support the planning process.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2013h). Timeline tools [Video file]. Retrieved from https://class.waldenu.edu

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 3 minutes.

Dr. Carol Huston addresses time management as a key aspect of strategic planning and explains various timeline tools.

Accessible player 

Discussion: Identifying Resources

All change involves a negotiation of resources.

Think of a significant change you have made in your personal or professional life, such as your decision to enroll in this graduate program. Did you consider what resources would be needed in order to succeed with this planned change? If so, how did you evaluate the fiscal and time commitments you would need to make? How did you assess your readiness to take on the challenges that might lie ahead? What activities or milestones functioned as dependencies in your plan? What other obligations, plans, or aspirations did you deprioritize or delay to make available the necessary resources? Did you discover—after you were already invested in this change—that you needed more or different resources to continue on?

As you propose and evaluate changes with an organizational or systems-level impact, it is especially important to consider what resources may be required and what trade-offs may be needed to bring the change to fruition and achieve sustainability.

As preparation for your Course Project, in this Discussion you consider the resources that would be required to implement your proposed change.

To prepare:

· Review the resources listed in “Appendix 7: Sample Template of the Strategic Planning Process” in the Sare and Ogilvie course text. In addition, consider the other Learning Resources that focus on the process of identifying resources for a strategic plan. Conduct additional research as necessary to deepen your thinking about resource identification for strategic planning.

· Reflect on the results of the SWOT analysis you conducted for your Course Project (submitted in Week 7), and consider what resources may be needed to address the weaknesses and threats and build upon opportunities and strengths you identified. Evaluate the specific financial, personnel, and time resources that you would need to carry out your proposed change.

· Think about how you would leverage the resources you currently have and those you plan to acquire or develop to create the best possible results. For instance, consider the following:

· What trade-offs would you need to make to ensure that you have sufficient financial resources? How would you raise capital?

· Who would you need to hire or promote, what training should be provided, and/or what workload adjustments would you need to make to have the right personnel in place?

· What is a reasonable timeline for adoption and implementation given the parameters of this change and other organizational or group priorities?

Discussion Aggressive Behavior

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Discussion Aggressive Behavior

Provide a substantive contribution that advances the discussion in a meaningful way by identifying strengths of the posting, challenging assumptions, and asking clarifying questions. Your response is expected to reference the assigned readings, as well as other theoretical, empirical, or professional literature to support your views and writings. Reference your sources using standard APA guidelines. Review the Participation Guidelines section of the Discussion Participation Scoring Guide to gain an understanding of what is required in a substantive response. Discussion Aggressive Behavior

Peer 1 Response: Cait

Anderson & Bushman (2001) conducted the meta-analysis, Effects of Violent Video Games On Aggressive Behavior, Aggressive Cognition, Aggressive Affect, Physiological Arousal, and Prosocial Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Scientific Literature, which determined that there was a correlation between playing video games and aggressive behaviors. In a set of 21 controlled experimental studies, Anderson & Bushman (2001) concluded that there was a correlation between playing video games (x) and engaging in the aggressive behavior (y). Table 1 determined that aggressive behavior was measured at r= .19, therefore concluding that the correlation was statistically significant due to a large number of participants that were involved in the research study. Aggressive behavior in conjunction with playing violent video games was tested with 3,033 participants. If there was a smaller sample size (in this case, less than 3,033 participants), the correlation r=.19 may not have been as large or as significant. This result also yielded significant results because r=.19 is positive, rather than negative. In Table 1 it can also be determined that the results displayed significant results because of the homogeneity test. The homogeneity test determined an outcome of x2(32)  23.25, p > .05 (Anderson & Bushman, 2001). It was measured that the p score was 23.25, compared to the normal value used by SPSS and researchers, which is .05. Because the p-value was larger than .05, it yielded significant results for this research study. If the p-value was smaller than .05, it would not hold the same level of significance.  Discussion Aggressive Behavior

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Reference

Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2001). Effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, physiological arousal, and prosocial behavior: A meta-analytic review of the scientific literature. Psychological Science, 12(5), 353–359.

Peer 2 Response: Teddick

A meta-analysis (Anderson & Bushman, 2001) reported that the average correlation between time spent playing video games (X) and engaging in aggressive behavior (Y) in a set of 21 well-controlled experimental studies was .19. This correlation was judged to be statistically significant. In your own words, what can you say about the nature of the relationship?

Warner (2013) explained that in a result of .19 will fall among the small (r<.10) and the medium (r<.30) and in less than the large (r<.50). This is an indicator that there is a compelling association, but this does not mean there is a causation between aggressive behavior and video games. Because of the insufficient information provided, we must consider every factor that contributes to the research, for example age of the gamer, time spent playing, time spent watching movies of violence, how much the parents are involved in their child’s life, if that person is involved with the wrong group of individuals, their surrounding neighborhood, and even their social and academic intellect. However, there still is a relationship of correlation on the meta-analysis, but does not necessarily means a causation. The meta-analysis shows a significant association on aggressive behavior being affected by playing violent video games, but does not prove or show that it causes the behavior. If anything it does encourage parents to look for more age appropriate video games and limit the access of violent-themed games for their kids (Anderson, C. & Bushman, B., 2001).

References:

Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2001). Effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, physiological arousal, and prosocial behavior: A meta-analytic review of the scientific literature. Psychological Science, 12(5), 353–359.

Warner, R. M. (2013). Applied Statistics: From Bivariate Through Multivariate Techniques (2nd ed.). Sage Publications Discussion Aggressive Behavior

How have social psychology theories been used in promoting breast cancer awareness

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Use of Psychosocial Theories in Nursing

For this Discussion, you will explore how social and behavioral theories apply in a clinical setting by analyzing a case study.

To prepare:

With information from this week’s Learning Resources in mind, reflect on the influence of sociological and behavioral factors on health.

Read the case study of the woman admitted for a mastectomy presented on page 328, #3 of the course text Theoretical Basis for Nursing. Consider which concepts from sociological and/or behavioral theories could be used in nursing practice for addressing the patient’s health care needs. Conduct additional research as necessary using credible websites and the Walden library. Also consider how these theories are used in your own clinical practice.

Write 2 pages on the following:

1) What concepts from the various theories could be used in planning the 65-year-old woman’s care?

2) How might her care be changed if the woman were 25 years old or 45 years old?

3) How have social psychology theories been used in promoting breast cancer awareness? Provide at least one example to support your response.

4) How have social psychology theories been used in your clinical practice area? Provide at least one example to support your response.

References

Required Readings

McEwin, M., & Wills, E.M. (2014). Theoretical basis for nursing. (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health.

Chapter 13, “Theories From the Sociologic Sciences”

Chapter 14, “Theories From the Behavioral Sciences”

Carnegie, E., & Kiger, A. (2009). Being and doing politics: An outdated model or 21st century reality? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(9), 1976–1984. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05084.x

Conrad, P., & Barker, K. (2010). The social construction of illness: Key Insights and policy implications. Journal of Health and Social Behavior: Special Issue, 51, S67–S79. doi: 10.1177/0022146510383495

Ford, C. L., & Airhihenbuwa, C. O. (2010). Critical race theory, race equity, and public health: Toward antiracism praxis. American Journal of Public Health, 100(S1), S30–S35. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.171058

Discussion Positive Psychology

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Discussion Positive Psychology

Chapter 9 Becoming and Being Wise Developing Wisdom

Many theorists argue that wisdom develops from knowledge, cognitive skills and personality factors. Understanding culture and the environment also considered vital. Mentors are believed to be an important mechanism for developing wisdom “Two heads are better than one”

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Wise People and Their Characteristics

Longitudinal studies have determined thatDiscussion Positive Psychology a person’s childhood does not determine the development of wisdom and that wise people achieve greater life satisfaction than the unwise. Orwell and Achenbaum suggest that women’s acts of wisdom typically occur in private whereas men’s acts of wisdom are more public Baltes and Staudinger report no age differences between 25 and 75 years but that the time between 15 and 25 is particularly important in developing wisdom. Some professions associated with higher levels of wisdom: clinical psychologists

a. Do you know a wise person? a) What kinds of characteristics make him/her a wise person?

b. Do you consider yourself a wise person b) How can we cultivate wisdom in everyday life?

Chapter 10 Forgiveness

· Defined by Thompson and colleagues, forgiveness is freeing from a negative attachment to the source of the transgression. This definition allows the target of forgiveness to be oneself, another person, or a situation.

· Defined by McCullough and colleagues, forgiveness is an increase in prosocial motivation, in that there is less of a desire to avoid or seek revenge against the transgressor and an increased desire to act positively towards the transgressing person. This definition is only applicable when another person is the target of the transgression. Discussion Positive Psychology

· Defined by Enright and colleagues, forgiveness is the willingness to give up resentment, negative judgment, and indifference towards the transgressor and give undeserved compassion, generosity, and benevolence to the transgressing person. This definition is limited to people and does not include situations.

· Defined by Tangney and colleagues, giving up negative emotions is the core of forgiveness.

How does one learn forgiveness?

· According to the model developed by Gordon, Baucom, and Snyder, three steps are needed for achieving forgiveness toward another person. The initial impact stage includes negative emotions such as fear, anger and hurt. The search for meaning stage investigates why the incident happened. And the recovery stage is when the people move forward in their lives.

· The REACH model developed by Everett Worthington is a five-step process to forgiveness regarding infidelity. The acronym stands for Recall the hurt and the nature of the injury caused; Empathy promotion in both partners; Altruistic gift giving of forgiveness between partners; Committing verbally to forgive partner, and; Holding onto the forgiveness for each other.

· Self-forgiveness is aimed at lessening the feelings of shame or guilt. The individual is encouraged to take responsibility for the action and to let go and to move forward. The goal is to prevent the individual from letting the negative feelings interfere with positive living.

· Thought stopping and examination of thinking behind negative situations are needed to forgive situations and inanimate objects. The individual will learn that they should not blame happenings in their lives for their problems.

Why forgive? Discussion Positive Psychology

· An evolutionary advantage to forgiveness is that it may break the violence cycle in human beings and the survival chances will be increased. With lower levels of hostility and aggression and higher levels of positive feelings, the social order may be stabilized.

· Forgiveness requires a sense of self, which is often damaged due to problems requiring the forgiveness. If one learns to forgive, one will build the sense of self up and it may become stronger.

· Forgiveness creates positive emotions.

Think about a situation in which you forgave someone.  a) Explain how you felt before and after forgiving.  b) Do you think that this forgiveness was true forgiveness and why? (Link your comments to one or more of the forgiveness theories presented in the chapter.) Discussion Positive Psychology

The impact of the article contents on your own future practice

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PREPARING THE SCHOLARLY PAPER PHASE 2

  1. Carefully read these instructions and the Rubric.
  2. Download the Week 6 Scholarly Paper Phase 2 Template (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. Use of the assigned template is required. Rename that document as Your Last Name Scholarly Paper Phase 1.docx, for example Smith Scholarly Paper Phase 2. Save it to your own computer or drive in a location where you will be able to retrieve it later.
  3. Type your assignment directly on the saved template using Microsoft Word. The document must be saved as a .docx. Save frequently to prevent loss of your work.
  4. The only resource for your paper is the following assigned article: Article link (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
    Note: Logging in to the Chamberlain Library is needed to access this article. Use of the assigned article is required. You must click on the PDF Full Text link on the upper left portion of the page to download the correct version of this required article.
  5. Follow the instructions and specifics on the assigned required template and the rubric. You will demonstrate your scholarly writing abilities as well as APA abilities in references, citations, quotations, and paraphrasing.
  6. See rubric for length limitations for each section and other criteria.
  7. For the Introduction section (see rubric for details),
    1. introduce the assigned paper topic;
    2. explain that the purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of the assigned article;
    3. explain that that the impact of the article contents on your own future practice will be included; and
    4. length must be 50–75 words.
  8. For the Article Summary section (see rubric for details),
    1. clearly summarize the major content of the assigned article using 175–200 words;
    2. content must include main ideas from across the entire article;
    3. specifics should be excellent;
    4. content must be attributed to the correct source; and
    5. instructor feedback from Week 4 Scholarly Paper Phase 1 must be used to revise and improve this section.
  9. For the Impact section,
    1. clearly state how learning from the assigned article will impact your future practice;
    2. length must be 125–150 words;
    3. writing must be concise and clearly relate the assigned article contents to practice;
    4. use first person in this section; and
    5. instructor feedback from Week 4 Scholarly Paper Phase 1 must be used to revise and improve this section.
  10. For the Conclusion,
    1. write a concise summary of main points of the paper;
    2. provide a concluding statement; and
    3. length must be 75–100 words.
  11. Double check your work with the rubric prior to submission.
  12. Note: Assigned Template must be used for this assignment. The Assigned Template has been specially prepared to help you do well on this assignment. See #2 above. 
  13. Note: Assigned Article must be used for this assignment. Failure to do so may result in loss of points and/or Academic Integrity violation investigation.