The steps for conducting a literature review and for compiling your findings

Course Project: Part 2—Literature Review

This is a continuation of the Course Project presented in Week 2. Before you begin, review the Course Project Overview document located in the Week 2 Resources area.

The literature review is a critical piece in the research process because it helps a researcher determine what is currently known about a topic and identify gaps or further questions. Conducting a thorough literature review can be a time-consuming process, but the effort helps establish the foundation for everything that will follow. For this part of your Course Project, you will conduct a brief literature review to find information on the question you developed in Week 2. This will provide you with experience in searching databases and identifying applicable resources. The steps for conducting a literature review and for compiling your findings

To prepare:

• Review the information in Chapter 5 of the course text, focusing on the steps for conducting a literature review and for compiling your findings.
• Using the question you selected in your Week 2 Project (Part 1 of the Course Project), locate 5 or more full-text research articles that are relevant to your PICOT question. Include at least 1 systematic review and 1 integrative review if possible. Use the search tools and techniques mentioned in your readings this week to enhance the comprehensiveness and objectivity of your review. You may gather these articles from any appropriate source, but make sure at least 3 of these articles are available as full-text versions through Walden Library’s databases.
• Read through the articles carefully. Eliminate studies that are not appropriate and add others to your list as needed. Although you may include more, you are expected to include a minimum of five articles. Complete a literature review summary table using the Literature Review Summary Table Template located in this week’s Learning Resources.
• Prepare to summarize and synthesize the literature using the information on writing a literature review found in Chapter 5 of the course text. The steps for conducting a literature review and for compiling your findings

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To complete:

Write a 3- to 4-page literature review that includes the following:

• A synthesis of what the studies reveal about the current state of knowledge on the question that you developed
  • Point out inconsistencies and contradictions in the literature and offer possible explanations for inconsistencies.
• Preliminary conclusions on whether the evidence provides strong support for a change in practice or whether further research is needed to adequately address your inquiry
• Your literature review summary table with all references formatted in correct APA style

Note: Certain aspects of conducting a standard review of literature have not yet been covered in this course. Therefore, while you are invited to critically examine any aspect of the studies (e.g., a study’s design, appropriateness of the theoretic framework, data sampling methods), your conclusion should be considered preliminary. Bear in mind that five studies are typically not enough to reflect the full range of knowledge on a particular question and you are not expected to be familiar enough with research methodology to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of all aspects of the studies.

By Day 7 of Week 5

This part of the Course Project is due. It will also be a component in your Portfolio Assignment in this course, which is due by Day 7 of Week 10. The steps for conducting a literature review and for compiling your findings

NURS6521 week 11 Discussion: Off-Label Drug Use in Pediatrics

The unapproved use of approved drugs, also called off-label use, with children is quite common. This is because pediatric dosage guidelines are typically unavailable since very few drugs have been specifically researched and tested with children. Explanation of circumstances under which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use

When treating children, prescribers often adjust dosages approved for adults to accommodate a child’s weight. However, children are not just “smaller” adults. Adults and children process and respond to drugs differently in their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Children even respond differently during stages from infancy to adolescence. This poses potential safety concerns when prescribing drugs to pediatric patients. As an advanced practice nurse, you have to be aware of safety implications of the off-label use of drugs with this patient group. Explanation of circumstances under which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use.

To prepare:

• Review the Bazzano et al. and Mayhew articles in the Learning Resources. Reflect on situations in which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use.
• Think about strategies to make the off-label use and dosage of drugs safer for children from infancy to adolescence. Consider specific off-label drugs that you think require extra care and attention when used in pediatrics.

With these thoughts in mind:

By Day 3

Post an explanation of circumstances under which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use. Then, describe strategies to make the off-label use and dosage of drugs safer for children from infancy to adolescence. Include descriptions and names of off-label drugs that require extra care and attention when used in pediatrics.

By Day 6

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses and respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who provided a different rationale than you did, in one or more of the following ways:

• Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.
• Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

NURS6501 week 11 Discussion: Disorders of the Reproductive Systems

While the male and female reproductive systems are unique to each sex, they share a common function—reproduction. Disorders of this system range from delayed development to structural and functional abnormalities. Since many reproductive disorders not only result in physiological consequences but also psychological consequences such as embarrassment, guilt, or profound disappointment, patients are often hesitant to seek treatment Explanation of circumstances under which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use. Advanced practice nurses need to educate patients on disorders and help relieve associated stigmas. During patient evaluations, patients must feel comfortable answering questions so that you, as a key health care provider, will be able to diagnose and recommend treatment options. As you begin this Discussion, consider reproductive disorders that you would commonly see in the clinical setting.

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To Prepare

• Review Chapter 22 and Chapter 23 in the McPhee and Hammer text, as well as Chapter 32 in the Huether and McCance text.
• Select two disorders of the male and/or female reproductive systems that interest you. Consider the similarities and differences between the disorders.
• Select one of the following factors: genetics, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Think about how the factor you selected might impact the diagnosis of and treatment for the reproductive disorders. 

By Day 3

Post a description of the two reproductive disorders you selected, including their similarities and differences. Then explain how the factor you selected might impact the diagnosis of treatment for the reproductive disorders. 

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who selected different disorders or factors than you, in one or more of the following ways:

• Share insights on how the factor you selected impacts the pathophysiology of the disorder your colleague selected.
• Offer alternative diagnoses and prescription of treatment options for the disorder your colleague selected.
• Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research Explanation of circumstances under which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use.

In a formal paper of 1,000-1,250 words you will discuss the work of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Committee Initiative on the Future of Nursing and the Institute of Medicine research that led to the IOM report, “Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health.” Identify the importance of the IOM “Future of Nursing” report related to nursing practice, nursing education and nursing workforce development. What is the role of state-based action coalitions and how do they advance goals of the Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action?

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Explore the Campaign for Action webpage (you may need to research your state’s website independently if it is not active on this site): http://campaignforaction.org/states

Review your state’s progress report by locating your state and clicking on one of the six progress icons for: education, leadership, practice, interpersonal collaboration, diversity, and data. You can also download a full progress report for your state by clicking on the box located at the bottom of the webpage. Implementation of the IOM Future of Nursing Report

In a paper of 1,000-1,250 words:

1. Discuss the work of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Committee Initiative on the Future of Nursing and the Institute of Medicine research that led to the IOM report, “Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health.”
2. Identify the importance of the IOM “Future of Nursing” report related to nursing practice, nursing education and nursing workforce development.
3. What is the role of state-based action coalitions and how do they advance goals of the Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action?

Summarize two initiatives spearheaded by your state’s action coalition. In what ways do these initiatives advance the nursing profession? What barriers to advancement currently exist in your state? How can nursing advocates in your state overcome these barriers?

A minimum of three scholarly references are required for this assignment.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. Implementation of the IOM Future of Nursing Report

MY STATE IS PENNSYLVANIA

Question

Question 1

A nursing student wants to know why clients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease tend to be polycythemic. What response by the nurse instructor is best?

a. It is due to side effects of medications for bronchodilation.

b. It is from overactive bone marrow in response to chronic disease.

c. It combats the anemia caused by an increased metabolic rate.

d. It compensates for tissue hypoxia caused by lung disease.

Question 2

A nurse assesses a client who had a myocardial infarction and is hypotensive. Which additional assessment finding should the nurse expect?

a. Heart rate of 120 beats/min

b. Cool, clammy skin

c. Oxygen saturation of 90%

d. Respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min

Question 3

A nurse assesses a client in an outpatient clinic. Which statement alerts the nurse to the possibility of left-sided heart failure? Advanced Medical Surgical Nursing

a.“I have been d rinking more water than usual.”

b.“I am awakened by the need to urinate at night.”

c.“I must stop halfway up the stairs to catch my breath.”

d.“I have experienced blurred vision on several occasions.”

Question 4

A nurse assesses clients on a cardiac unit. Which client should the nurse identify as being at greatest risk for the development of left-sided heart failure?

a. A 36-year-old woman with aortic stenosis

b. A 42-year-old man with pulmonary hypertension

c. A 59-year-old woman who smokes cigarettes daily

d. A 70-year-old man who had a cerebral vascular accident

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Question 5

A client is receiving rivaroxaban (Xarelto) and asks the nurse to explain how it works. What response by the nurse is best?

a. “It inhibits thrombin.”

b. “It inhibits fibrinogen.”

c. “It thins your blood.”

d. “It works against vitamin K.”

Question 6

A client undergoing hemodynamic monitoring after a myocardial infarction has a right atrial pressure of 0.5 mm Hg. What action by the nurse is most appropriate?

a. Level the transducer at the phlebostatic axis.

b. Lay the client in the supine position.

c. Prepare to administer diuretics.

d. Prepare to administer a fluid bolus.

Question 7

A nurse assesses a client with atrial fibrillation. Which manifestation should alert the nurse to the possibility of a serious complication from this condition?

a. Sinus tachycardia

b. Speech alterations

c. Fatigue

d. Dyspnea with activity

Question 8

A client has been diagnosed with hypertension but does not take the antihypertensive medications because of a lack of symptoms. What response by the nurse is best?

a.“Do you have trouble affording your medications?”

b.“Most people with hypertension do not have symptoms.”

c.“You are lucky; most people get severe morning headaches.”

d.“You need to take your medicine or you will get kidney failure.” Advanced Medical Surgical Nursing

Question 9

A client received tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) after a myocardial infarction and now is on an intravenous infusion of heparin. The client’s spouse asks why the client needs this medication. What response by the nurse is best?

a.“The t-PA didn’t dissolve the entire coronary clot.”

b.“The heparin keeps that artery from getting blocked again.”

c.“Heparin keeps the blood as thin as possible for a longer time.”

d.“The heparin prevents a stroke from occurring as the t-PA wears off.”

Question 10

The nurse is reviewing the lipid panel of a male client who has atherosclerosis. Which finding is most concerning?

a. Cholesterol: 126 mg/dL

b. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C): 48 mg/dL

c. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C): 122 mg/dL

d. Triglycerides: 198 mg/dL

Question 11

A hospitalized client has a platelet count of 58,000/mm3. What action by the nurse is best?

a. Encourage high-protein foods.

b. Institute neutropenic precautions.

c. Limit visitors to healthy adults.

d. Place the client on safety precautions.

Question 12

A client is in the hospital after suffering a myocardial infarction and has bathroom privileges. The nurse assists the client to the bathroom and notes the client’s O2 saturation to be 95%, pulse 88 beats/min, and respiratory rate 16 breaths/min after returning to bed. What action by the nurse is best?

a. Administer oxygen at 2 L/min.

b. Allow continued bathroom privileges.

c. Obtain a bedside commode.

d. Suggest the client use a bedpan

Question 13

A nurse is working with a client who takes atorvastatin (Lipitor). The client’s recent laboratory results include a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 33 mg/dL and creatinine of 2.8 mg/dL. What action by the nurse is best?

a. Ask if the client eats grapefruit.

b. Assess the client for dehydration.

c. Facilitate admission to the hospital.

d. Obtain a random urinalysis.

Question 14

While assessing a client on a cardiac unit, a nurse identifies the presence of an S3 gallop. Which action should the nurse take next?

a. Assess for symptoms of left-sided heart failure.

b. Document this as a normal finding.

c. Call the health care provider immediately.

d. Transfer the client to the intensive care unit.

Question 15

The nurse is evaluating a 3-day diet history with a client who has an elevated lipid panel. What meal selection indicates the client is managing this condition well with diet?

a. A 4-ounce steak, French fries, iceberg lettuce

b. Baked chicken breast, broccoli, tomatoes

c. Fried catfish, cornbread, peas

d. Spaghetti with meat sauce, garlic bread

Question 16

A client is in shock and the nurse prepares to administer insulin for a blood glucose reading of 208 mg/dL. The spouse asks why the client needs insulin as the client is not a diabetic. What response by the nurse is best?

a. “High glucose is common in shock and needs to be treated.”

b. “Some of the medications we are giving are to raise blood sugar.”

c. “The IV solution has lots of glucose, which raises blood sugar.”

d. “The stress of this illness has made your spouse a diabetic.”

Question 17

The nurse gets the hand-off report on four clients. Which client should the nurse assess first?

a. Client with a blood pressure change of 128/74 to 110/88 mm Hg

b. Client with oxygen saturation unchanged at 94%

c. Client with a pulse change of 100 to 88 beats/min

d. Client with urine output of 40 mL/hr for the last 2 hours

Question 18

A nurse cares for a client with right-sided heart failure. The client asks, “Why do I need to weigh myself every day?” How should the nurse respond?

a. “Weight is the best indication that you are gaining or losing fluid.”

b. “Daily weights will help us make sure that you’re eating properly.”

c. “The hospital requires that all inpatients be weighed daily.”

d. “You need to lose weight to decrease the incidence of heart failure.”

Question 19

A nurse cares for a client who has a heart rate averaging 56 beats/min with no adverse symptoms. Which activity modification should the nurse suggest to avoid further slowing of the heart rate?

a. “Make certain that your bath water is warm.”

b.“Avoid straining while having a bowel movement.”

c.“Limit your intake of caffeinated drinks to one a day.”

d.“Avoid strenuous exercise such as running.”

Question 20

A nurse is caring for a client after surgery. The client’s respiratory rate has increased from 12 to 18 breaths/min and the pulse rate increased from 86 to 98 beats/min since they were last assessed 4 hours ago. What action by the nurse is best? Advanced Medical Surgical Nursing

a. Ask if the client needs pain medication.

b. Assess the client’s tissue perfusion further.

c. Document the findings in the client’s chart.

d. Increase the rate of the client’s IV infusion.

Question 21

An emergency room nurse obtains the health history of a client. Which statement by the client should alert the nurse to the occurrence of heart failure?

a. “I get short of breath when I climb stairs.”

b. “I see halos floating around my head.”

c. “I have trouble remembering things.”

d. “I have lost weight over the past month.”

Question 22

The health care provider tells the nurse that a client is to be started on a platelet inhibitor. About what drug does the nurse plan to teach the client?

a. Clopidogrel (Plavix)

b. Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

c. Reteplase (Retavase)

d. Warfarin (Coumadin)

Question 23

A nurse assesses a client’s electrocardiograph tracing and observes that not all QRS complexes are preceded by a P wave. How should the nurse interpret this observation?

a. The client has hyperkalemia causing irregular QRS complexes.

b. Ventricular tachycardia is overriding the normal atrial rhythm.

c. The client’s chest leads are not making sufficient contact with the skin.

d. Ventricular and atrial depolarizations are initiated from different sites.

Question 24

A nurse caring for a client with sickle cell disease (SCD) reviews the client’s laboratory work. Which finding should the nurse report to the provider?

a. Creatinine: 2.9 mg/dL

b. Hematocrit: 30%

c. Sodium: 147 mEq/L

d. White blood cell count: 12,000/mm3

Question 25

A nurse assesses clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which client should the nurse identify as having the greatest risk for cardiovascular disease?

a. An 86-year-old man with a history of asthma

b. A 32-year-old Asian-American man with colorectal cancer

c. A 45-year-old American Indian woman with diabetes mellitus

d. A 53-year-old postmenopausal woman who is on hormone therapy

Question 26

A student nurse is assessing the peripheral vascular system of an older adult. What action by the student would cause the faculty member to intervene?

a. Assessing blood pressure in both upper extremities

b. Auscultating the carotid arteries for any bruits

c. Classifying capillary refill of 4 seconds as normal

d. Palpating both carotid arteries at the same time

Question 27

A nurse assesses a client after administering a prescribed beta blocker. Which assessment should the nurse expect to find?

a. Blood pressure increased from 98/42 mm Hg to 132/60 mm Hg

b. Respiratory rate decreased from 25 breaths/min to 14 breaths/min

c. Oxygen saturation increased from 88% to 96%

d. Pulse decreased from 100 beats/min to 80 beats/min

Question 28

A nurse evaluates prescriptions for a client with chronic atrial fibrillation. Which medication should the nurse expect to find on this client’s medication administration record to prevent a common complication of this condition?

a. Sotalol (Betapace)

b. Warfarin (Coumadin)

c. Atropine (Sal-Tropine)

d. Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

Question 29

A nurse assesses an older adult client who has multiple chronic diseases. The client’s heart rate is 48 beats/min. Which action should the nurse take first?

a. Document the finding in the chart.

b. Initiate external pacing.

c. Assess the client’s medications.

d. Administer 1 mg of atropine.

Question 30

A client presents to the emergency department in sickle cell crisis. What intervention by the nurse takes priority?

a. Administer oxygen.

b. Apply an oximetry probe.

c. Give pain medication.

d. Start an IV line.

Question 31

A nurse assesses a client admitted to the cardiac unit. Which statement by the client alerts the nurse to the possibility of right-sided heart failure?

a.“I sleep with four pillows at night.”

b.“My shoes fit really tight lately.”

c.“I wake up coughing every night.”

d.“I have trouble catching my breath.”

Question 32

A nursing student is caring for a client who had a myocardial infarction. The student is confused because the client states nothing is wrong and yet listens attentively while the student provides education on lifestyle changes and healthy menu choices. What response by the faculty member is best?

a.“Continue to educate the client on possible healthy changes.”

b.“Emphasize complications that can occur with noncompliance.”

c.“Tell the client that denial is normal and will soon go away.”

d.“You need to make sure the client understands this illness.”

Question 33

A client is receiving an infusion of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). The nurse assesses the client to be disoriented to person, place, and time. What action by the nurse is best?

a. Assess the client’s pupillary responses.

b. Request a neurologic consultation.

c. Stop the infusion and call the provider.

d. Take and document a full set of vital signs.

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Question 34

A client in sickle cell crisis is dehydrated and in the emergency department. The nurse plans to start an IV. Which fluid choice is best?

a.0.45% normal saline

b.0.9% normal saline

c. Dextrose 50% (D50)

d. Lactated Ringer’s solution

Question 35

A student is caring for a client who suffered massive blood loss after trauma. How does the student correlate the blood loss with the client’s mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

a. It causes vasoconstriction and increased MAP.

b. Lower blood volume lowers MAP.

c. There is no direct correlation to MAP.

d. It raises cardiac output and MAP.

Question 36

A client has a serum ferritin level of 8 ng/mL and microcytic red blood cells. What action by the nurse is best?

a. Encourage high-protein Foods.

b. Perform a Hemoccult test on the client’s stools.

c. Offer Frequent oral care.

d. Prepare to administer cobalamin (vitamin B12).

Question 37

A nurse is assessing clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which client should the nurse identify as being at greatest risk for atrial fibrillation?

a. A 45-year-old who takes an aspirin daily

b. A 50-year-old who is post coronary artery bypass graft surgery

c. A 78-year-old who had a carotid endarterectomy

d. An 80-year-old with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 38

A client hospitalized with sickle cell crisis frequently asks for opioid pain medications, often shortly after receiving a dose. The nurses on the unit believe the client is drug seeking. When the client requests pain medication, what action by the nurse is best?

a. Give the client pain medication if it is time for another dose.

b. Instruct the client not to request pain medication too early.

c. Request the provider leave a prescription for a placebo.

d. Tell the client it is too early to have more pain medication.

Question 39

A nurse is caring for a client after surgery who is restless and apprehensive. The unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) reports the vital signs and the nurse sees they are only slightly different from previous readings. What action does the nurse delegate next to the UAP?

a. Assess the client for pain or discomfort.

b. Measure urine output from the catheter.

c. Reposition the client to the unaffected side.

d. Stay with the client and reassure him or her.

Question 40

A nurse is assessing a dark-skinned client for pallor. What action is best?

a. Assess the conjunctiva of the eye.

b. Have the client open the hand widely.

c. Look at the roof of the client’s mouth.

d. Palpate for areas of mild swelling.

Evolving Practice of Nursing and Patient Care Delivery Models

The week 2 assignment is a little confusing. You are to write an informal presentation and present to some other nurses. After that, write the second paper and summarize their feedback. You can tie them together in one document, or submit them separately, whichever you want to do. I just need to see that they are separate, not just one big paper. I’ll attach an example of tieing the 2 together in one document. If you have questions, please let me know.

As the country focuses on the restructuring of the U.S. health care delivery system, nurses will continue to play an important role. It is expected that more and more nursing jobs will become available out in the community, and fewer will be available in acute care hospitals.

1. Write an informal presentation (500-700 words) to educate nurses about how the practice of nursing is expected to grow and change. Include the concepts of continuity or continuum of care, accountable care organizations (ACO), medical homes, and nurse-managed health clinics.
2. Share your presentation with nurse colleagues on your unit or department and ask them to offer their impressions of the anticipated changes to health care delivery and the new role of nurses in hospital settings, communities, clinics, and medical homes. Evolving Practice of Nursing and Patient Care Delivery Models
3. In 800-1,000 words summarize the feedback shared by three nurse colleagues and discuss whether their impressions are consistent with what you have researched about health reform.
4. A minimum of three scholarly references are required for this assignment.

While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

Evolving Practice of Nursing and Patient Care Delivery Models

1 Unsatisfactory 0.00%

2 Less than Satisfactory 75.00%

3 Satisfactory 79.00%

4 Good 89.00%

5 Excellent 100.00%

80.0 %Content

40.0 % Clearly States How the Practice of Nursing and Patient Delivery Will Evolve, While Addressing Relevant Concepts That Include Continuity or Continuum of Care, Accountable Care Organizations, Medical Homes, and Nurse-Managed Health Clinics

Main concept is not clearly identified, and subconcepts do not consistently branch from the main idea. Does not address any issues related to the evolving practice of nursing and patient care delivery.

Main concept is not clearly identified, and few subconcepts branch appropriately. Addresses at least one issue related to the evolving practice of nursing and patient care delivery.

Main concept is identified, and a few subconcepts branch from the main idea. Addresses many of the issues related to the evolving practice of nursing and patient delivery and patient care delivery.

Main concept is easily identified and most subconcepts branch from the main idea. Addresses all of the issues related to the evolving practice of nursing and patient care delivery. Evolving Practice of Nursing and Patient Care Delivery Models

Main concept is easily identified, and subconcepts branch appropriately from the main idea. Addresses all of the issues related to the evolving practice of nursing and patient care delivery.

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20.0 % Evidence of Feedback and Forecasting of Nursing Role From Colleagues

No evidence of feedback and forecasting of the nursing role from colleagues is included.

Evidence of feedback and forecasting of the nursing role from colleagues may be incomplete or lack relevant scope.

Evidence of feedback and forecasting of the nursing role from colleagues is included.

Evidence of feedback and forecasting of the nursing role from colleagues is described in detail.

Evidence of feedback and forecasting of the nursing role from colleagues is described in detail, with relevant personal insight, reflection, or analysis. Evolving Practice of Nursing and Patient Care Delivery Models

20.0 % Use of Vocabulary Regarding Evolving Practice of Nursing and Patient Care Delivery

No recommended terms have been included in the correct context.

Few recommended terms have been included in the correct context.

Some recommended terms have been included in the correct context.

Most recommended terms have been included in the correct context.

All of the recommended terms have been included in the correct context.

15.0 %Organization and Effectiveness

10.0 % Originality

Content is an extensive collection and rehash of other people’s ideas, products, images, or inventions. There is no evidence of new thought or inventiveness.

Content is a minimal collection or rehash of other people’s ideas, products, images, or inventions. There is no evidence of new thought.

Content shows evidence of originality. While based on other people’s ideas, products, images, or inventions, the work does offer some new insights.

Content shows evidence of originality and inventiveness. While based on an extensive collection of other people’s ideas, products, images, or inventions, the work extends beyond that collection to offer new insights.

Content shows significant evidence of originality and inventiveness. The majority of the content and many of the ideas are fresh, original, inventive, and based upon logical conclusions and sound research.

15.0 %Organization and Effectiveness

5.0 % Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, and language use)

Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice and/or sentence construction are employed.

Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) and/or word choice are present.

Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but are not overly distracting to the reader. Audience-appropriate language is employed.

Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech.

The writer is clearly in command of standard, written academic English. Evolving Practice of Nursing and Patient Care Delivery Models

5.0 %Format

2.0 % Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)

Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.

Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent.

Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.

Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style.

All format elements are correct.

3.0 % Research Citations (in-text citations for paraphrasing and direct quotes, and reference page listing and formatting, as appropriate to assignment)

No reference page is included. No citations are used.

Reference page is present. Citations are inconsistently used.

Reference page is included and lists sources used in the paper. Sources are appropriately documented, although some errors may be present.

Reference page is present and fully inclusive of all cited sources. Documentation is appropriate and style is usually correct.

In-text citations and a reference page are complete. The documentation of cited sources is free of error. Evolving Practice of Nursing and Patient Care Delivery Models