Professionalism And Social Media Paper

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Professionalism And Social Media Paper

Social media plays a significant role in the lives of nurses in both their professional and personal lives. Additionally, social media is now considered a mainstream part of the process for recruiting and hiring candidates. Inappropriate or unethical conduct on social media can create legal problems for nurses as well as the field of nursing.

Login to all social media sites in which you engage. Review your profile, pictures and posts. Based on the professional standards of nursing, identify items that would be considered unprofessional and potentially detrimental to your career and that negatively impact the reputation of the nursing field Professionalism And Social Media Paper

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In 500-750 words, summarize the findings of your review. Include the following:

  1. Describe the posts or conversations in which you have engaged that might be considered inappropriate based on the professional standards of nursing.
  2. Discuss why nurses have a responsibility to uphold a standard of conduct consistent with the standards governing the profession of nursing at work and in their personal lives. Include discussion of how personal conduct can violate HIPAA or be considered unethical or unprofessional. Provide an example of each to support your answer.
  3. Based on the analysis of your social media, discuss what areas of your social media activity reflect Christian values as they relate to respecting human value and dignity for all individuals. Describe areas of your social media activity that could be improved.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. Professionalism And Social Media Paper

Module 7 Case Study Assignment – 1 Page

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Module 7 Case Study Assignment – 1 Page

An understanding of the factors surrounding women’s and men’s health, infections, and hematologic disorders can be critically important to disease diagnosis and treatment in these areas. This importance is magnified by the fact that some diseases and disorders manifest differently based on the sex of the patient. Module 7 Case Study Assignment – 1 Page

Effective disease analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond the human systems involved. The impact of patient characteristics, as well as racial and ethnic variables, can also have an important impact..

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An understanding of the symptoms of alterations in systems based on these characteristics is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For APRNs, this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.

In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.

To prepare:

By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study scenario for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.

Assignment (1-page case study analysis)

In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following as it applies to the scenario you were provided (not all may apply to each scenario):

  •  Anemia and the different kinds of anemia (i.e., micro and macrocytic). Module 7 Case Study Assignment – 1 Page 

Scenario: 67-year-old female presents with chief complaint of shortness of breath, fatigue, weakness, unintentional weight loss, and mild numbness in her feet. She states she feels unsteady when she walks. PMH includes hypothyroidism well controlled on Synthroid 100 mcg/day. No hx of HTN or CHF.

Vital signs: Temp 98.7 F, pulse 118, Respirations 22, BP 108/64, PaO2 95% on room air.

Physical exam revealed pale, anxious female appearing older than stated years.

HEENT- pale conjunctiva of eyes and pale palate. Tongue beefy red and slightly swollen with loss of normal rugae. Turbinates pale but no swelling. Thyroid palpable but no nodules felt. No lymph nodes palpated.

Cardiac-regular rate and rhythm with soft II/VI systolic murmur. Respiratory- lungs clear with no adventitious breath sounds. Abdomen-soft, non-tender with positive bowel sounds. Liver edge palpated two finger breadths below right costal margin. Lab data- hgb, hct, reticulocyte count, serum B12 levels low, mean corpuscle volume, plasma iron, and writing levels high, folate, TIBC are normal.  Module 7 Case Study Assignment – 1 Page

 

The Pathophysiology of Disorders

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Report Issue
APA format 6 peer review references 3 from Walden Library. Please pick the topic Congestive Heart Failure or COPD from below list and follow instructions

Assignment: Application: The Pathophysiology of Disorders

In previous weeks, you explored various body systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, endocrine, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and hematological. These seven systems work together, along with other body systems, to complete a myriad of functions. For this reason, when disorders occur within one body system, they can create potentially devastating effects throughout the entire body. For instance, Parkinson’s disease is a disorder of the central nervous system, yet its alterations actually affect multiple body systems, from the cardiovascular system to the gastrointestinal system. In this Assignment, you examine alterations associated with disorders, as well as the impact of the alterations on multiple body systems.

To prepare:

From the list below, select a disorder of interest to you:

Alzheimer’s disease

Asthma in children

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Congestive heart failure

Hepatic disease (liver disease)

Hypertension

Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism

Seizures

Sepsis

Reflect on alterations associated with the disorder you selected. Consider the pathophysiology of the alterations. Think about how these alterations produce pathophysiological changes in at least two body systems.

Think about the types of drugs that would be used to treat alterations associated with the disorder you selected.

Reflect on how patient factors, such as genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, and behavior might impact the pathophysiology of the alterations you identified. Then, consider how these factors might impact the effects of prescribed drugs, as well as measures you might take to help reduce any negative side effects.

Locate an agency that provides patient education on your selected disorder and review the available materials and curriculum. Consider how you might be able to use those materials to educate a patient on the disorder, treatment options, management, and self-care.

By Day 7

Develop a 5- to 10-slide PowerPoint Presentation that addresses the following:;

Describe the disorder you selected, as well as associated alterations. Explain the pathophysiology of the alterations, including changes that occur in at least two body systems.

Describe the types of drugs that would be prescribed to treat alterations associated with the disorder.

Explain how genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, and behavior might impact the pathophysiology of the alterations you identified and the effects of prescribed drugs. Then, describe measures you might take to help reduce any negative side effects.

Explain how you would use materials from a supporting agency to educate patients on the disorder, treatment options, management, and self-care.

Nursing Assessment

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While interviewing and examining a 17-year-old male, you discover a white patch on his buccal mucosa and slanting palpebral fissures in his eyes. He also states during the interview that he plays baseball and is hoping to earn an athletic scholarship to college.

· What do you suspect? What kind of client teaching is appropriate in this situation?

· Discuss appropriate educational materials for health promotion and disease prevention

· When would slanting palpebral fissures be normal?

· While performing a retinal examination on this patient, you discover that the margins of the optic disc become blurred and indistinct. What further testing would be required? Why?

Second part student post/I needs answer to this post base on the homework

Week 2 physical assessment 17 year old

Joh

Symptoms and Treatment

   Buccal mucosa is the inner lining of the lips and cheeks. Presence of white patches in the mouth of the patient could be as a result of irritation of the walls of the mouth cavity. This white patch is hard to come off and mainly attaches itself to the buccal mucosa. This condition is prevalent in tobacco and alcohol users. The patient is probably a smoker; if this is true, he needs to desist from smoking to avoid further irritation of the mouth walls which is a good disease prevention measure. Most teenagers of the patient’s age are likely to engage in smoking an activity which they do as fun. The patient should find other alternatives to smoking such as taking snacks and being with the right company in sports to ensure he succeeds in his quest of securing a scholarship.


  The palpebral fissure is the meeting point of the lower and upper eyelids. Slanting of palpebral fissures occurs normally on Asians which is a probable indication of the patient’s descent. The slanting of palpebral fissures is prevalent in people suffering from downs syndrome which has not been stated by the patient. More than 80% of the patients with Down’s syndrome suffer from palpebral fissure ("Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)", 2018).

Drug Treatments For HIV/AIDS

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Needs 3 reference sources above 2013 in APA.

While HIV/AIDS is still currently incurable, the prognosis for patients with this infectious disease has improved due to advancements in drug treatments. Consider the case of Kristy Aney. Kristy was diagnosed with HIV in 1992 and was told she would survive, at most, 10 more years. Despite unfavorable odds, Kristy is still alive 20 years later. Since her diagnosis, she has witnessed tremendous improvements in HIV/AIDS treatments which have helped patients live longer with fewer side effects. While she acknowledges that these drug treatments have kept her alive, she fears that improvements in drug therapy have led to more people becoming complacent about the disease (Idaho Statesmen, 2012). In fact, the number of people living with HIV/AIDS in the United States is higher than it has ever been (CDC, 2012). This poses the question: Is there a relationship between drug advancements, societal complacency, and infection?

To prepare:

Review Chapter 49 of the Arcangelo and Peterson text, as well as the Krummenacher et al. and Scourfield articles in the Learning Resources.

Reflect on whether or not the prevalence of HIV cases might be attributed to increased complacency due to more advanced drug treatment options for HIV/AIDS.

Consider how health care professionals can help to change perceptions and make people more aware of the realities of the disease.

Think about strategies to educate HIV positive patients on medication adherence, as well as safe practices to reduce the risk of infecting others.

With these thoughts in mind:

By Day 3

Post an explanation of whether or not you think the prevalence of HIV cases might be attributed to increased complacency due to more advanced drug treatment options.Then, explain how health care professionals can help to change perceptions and increase awareness of the realities of the disease. Finally, describe strategies to educate HIV positive patients on medication adherence, as well as safe practices to reduce the risk of infecting others.

Workflow Assessment for Health IT Toolkit

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Workflow Assessment for Health IT Toolkit Workflow can be defined as a term used to describe the action or execution of a series of tasks in a prescribed sequence (McGonigle, & Mastrian, 2015).

Workflow tools can help make it easier to redesign workflow and aid in the application of health information technology (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, n.d).

For the purpose of this discussion three workflow tools were selected which include benchmarking interviews and usability evaluation. Benchmarking Benchmarking is a process of evaluating metrics or best practices from other organizations (either related or unrelated to your own) and then applying them to your organization (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, n.d).

Benchmarking is an important tool that facilitators can use to motivate a practice to engage in improvement work and to help members of a practice understand where their performance falls in comparison to others. Benchmarking can stimulate healthy competition, as well as help members of a practice reflect more effectively on their own performance. Benchmarking can be done by reaching out to peers at other facilities and finding out what they do and if it works well. My facility has many other sister and we are the bigger where we encounter most of the problem. The common system that all we use is the point click care. What I going to do is to contact all the leader of the entire facility sister, so we can have a meeting to debate about each system in place in each facility. I would want to physically see how the design of their system works and if the charting works well. Because nurse has to be involve in and informatics technology process, I would bring with me 2 to 3 clinical managers nurses to see the charting, so they could also see the new idea and give feedback on their feelings about it. Based on the information gathered I would plan a process to implement the new ideas into the charting system at our facility.

Interviews provide a means of eliciting information from a group of individuals regarding their opinions, behavior, or knowledge (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, n.d). Here the interview involves 2 to more people and during the interview, data are collected and most of the time, it is the interviewee who provide data Here, I will set up an interview with 2 to 3 leaders form the sister facility where I will ask questions about sensitive issues, to determine users’ needs on the systems and to clarify some of my questions question.

Usability evaluation A usability evaluation is conducted to determine the extent to which a system is easy to use or “user friendly.” (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, n.d). Here I will determine if the new system is useful to user and if it is easy for to use it before implementation. Here I will determine the goal of my evaluation, what will be evaluated and how? For that I will choose some main staff from each sister facility who will conduct the survey to the rest of the staff to see how easy it is for them to use the informatics system. Based on the result, I will see what the areas of improvement before the implementation. The article I will be use the information to improve workflow within your organization is: Improvement of workflow and processes to ease and enrich meaningful use of health information technology (Singh & al., 2014). In this article the author develop a self-contained workflow toolkit that uses ‘universal visual language’ and recognizes that most practices lack the required expertise and often need external assistance because the current methods (using esoteric charts or various software packages11 that require long and steep learning curves) are alien to health care workers and are, therefore, perceived to be barriers (Singh & al., 2014). It is a well established fact that, in any setting or industry, better management of work processes leads to improved value. Education and training of stakeholders in this management skill needs appropriate tools. The toolkit particularly addresses the ‘system-based practice’ and ‘practice-based learning and continuing improvement’ (Singh & al., 2014). Base on that, I will educate staff by using that pictorial tool for assessing the current and continuing redesigns of future workflows for achieving staff comfort, efficiency, communication, organization, productivity, effectiveness, safety, and satisfaction of patients and staff, all without having to seek outside help. According to Caspi (2015), it is clear that informatics nurses will continue to be instrumental players in the analysis, implementation, and optimization of advanced information systems and emerging technologies that aim to improve the quality of patient care, while reducing costs.

Caspi, H. (2015). The significant impact of nursing informatics on workflow, productivity. Healthcare Dive. Retrieved from https://www.healthcaredive.com/news/the-significant-impact…workflow…/387301 McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2018). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. Chapter 13, “Workflow and Beyond Meaningful Use” Singh, R. Singh, A., Singh, R., Singh, R. (2014). Improvement of workflow and processes to ease and enrich meaningful use of health information technology. DOI: 10.2147/AMEP.S53307. Retrieved form Walden library. U.S department of health and human services (n.d.b). Workflow Assessment for Health IT Toolkit.http://healthit.ahrq.gov/portal/server.pt/community/health_it_tools_and_resources/919/workflow_assessment_for_health_it_toolkit/27865

Workflow Assessment for Health IT Toolkit

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Workflow Assessment for Health IT Toolkit Workflow can be defined as a term used to describe the action or execution of a series of tasks in a prescribed sequence (McGonigle, & Mastrian, 2015).

Workflow tools can help make it easier to redesign workflow and aid in the application of health information technology (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, n.d).

For the purpose of this discussion three workflow tools were selected which include benchmarking interviews and usability evaluation. Benchmarking Benchmarking is a process of evaluating metrics or best practices from other organizations (either related or unrelated to your own) and then applying them to your organization (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, n.d).

Benchmarking is an important tool that facilitators can use to motivate a practice to engage in improvement work and to help members of a practice understand where their performance falls in comparison to others. Benchmarking can stimulate healthy competition, as well as help members of a practice reflect more effectively on their own performance. Benchmarking can be done by reaching out to peers at other facilities and finding out what they do and if it works well. My facility has many other sister and we are the bigger where we encounter most of the problem. The common system that all we use is the point click care. What I going to do is to contact all the leader of the entire facility sister, so we can have a meeting to debate about each system in place in each facility. I would want to physically see how the design of their system works and if the charting works well. Because nurse has to be involve in and informatics technology process, I would bring with me 2 to 3 clinical managers nurses to see the charting, so they could also see the new idea and give feedback on their feelings about it. Based on the information gathered I would plan a process to implement the new ideas into the charting system at our facility.

Interviews provide a means of eliciting information from a group of individuals regarding their opinions, behavior, or knowledge (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, n.d). Here the interview involves 2 to more people and during the interview, data are collected and most of the time, it is the interviewee who provide data Here, I will set up an interview with 2 to 3 leaders form the sister facility where I will ask questions about sensitive issues, to determine users’ needs on the systems and to clarify some of my questions question.

Usability evaluation A usability evaluation is conducted to determine the extent to which a system is easy to use or “user friendly.” (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, n.d). Here I will determine if the new system is useful to user and if it is easy for to use it before implementation. Here I will determine the goal of my evaluation, what will be evaluated and how? For that I will choose some main staff from each sister facility who will conduct the survey to the rest of the staff to see how easy it is for them to use the informatics system. Based on the result, I will see what the areas of improvement before the implementation. The article I will be use the information to improve workflow within your organization is: Improvement of workflow and processes to ease and enrich meaningful use of health information technology (Singh & al., 2014). In this article the author develop a self-contained workflow toolkit that uses ‘universal visual language’ and recognizes that most practices lack the required expertise and often need external assistance because the current methods (using esoteric charts or various software packages11 that require long and steep learning curves) are alien to health care workers and are, therefore, perceived to be barriers (Singh & al., 2014). It is a well established fact that, in any setting or industry, better management of work processes leads to improved value. Education and training of stakeholders in this management skill needs appropriate tools. The toolkit particularly addresses the ‘system-based practice’ and ‘practice-based learning and continuing improvement’ (Singh & al., 2014). Base on that, I will educate staff by using that pictorial tool for assessing the current and continuing redesigns of future workflows for achieving staff comfort, efficiency, communication, organization, productivity, effectiveness, safety, and satisfaction of patients and staff, all without having to seek outside help. According to Caspi (2015), it is clear that informatics nurses will continue to be instrumental players in the analysis, implementation, and optimization of advanced information systems and emerging technologies that aim to improve the quality of patient care, while reducing costs.

Caspi, H. (2015). The significant impact of nursing informatics on workflow, productivity. Healthcare Dive. Retrieved from https://www.healthcaredive.com/news/the-significant-impact…workflow…/387301 McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2018). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. Chapter 13, “Workflow and Beyond Meaningful Use” Singh, R. Singh, A., Singh, R., Singh, R. (2014). Improvement of workflow and processes to ease and enrich meaningful use of health information technology. DOI: 10.2147/AMEP.S53307. Retrieved form Walden library. U.S department of health and human services (n.d.b). Workflow Assessment for Health IT Toolkit.http://healthit.ahrq.gov/portal/server.pt/community/health_it_tools_and_resources/919/workflow_assessment_for_health_it_toolkit/27865

Antimicrobial Agents

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Antimicrobial agents are essential components in the treatment of various bacterial infections as they help to kill or prevent the growth of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoans. Prior to the discovery of antimicrobial agents, treatment options for patients with bacterial infections were limited. For many patients, treatment often resulted in the amputation of limbs or even death. Today, treatment options for bacterial infections typically have a more positive prognosis. Due to the various types of infections presented in patients, it is essential to be able to identify the underlying cause of the infection—whether bacterial or viral—before recommending drug treatments. This will help you identify whether or not an antimicrobial agent would be appropriate and which specific agent would target the infection. In this Assignment, you consider the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents for infections.

To prepare:

  • Review this week’s media presentation on principles of antimicrobial therapy, as well as Chapter 8 of the Arcangelo and Peterson text.
  • Consider the categories of antimicrobial agents.
  • Think about differences between viral and bacterial infections.
  • Reflect on why proper identification of the infection is key to selecting the proper antimicrobial agent.

POST a 2- to 3- page paper that addresses the following:

  • Describe the categories of antimicrobial agents.
  • Describe differences between viral and bacterial infections.
  • Explain why proper identification of viral and bacterial infections is key to selecting the proper antimicrobial agent.

This work should have Introduction and conclusion

  • This work should have at 4 to 6 current references (Year 2012 and up)
  • Use at least 3 references from class Learning Resources

The following Resources are not acceptable:

  1. Wikipedia
  2. Cdc.gov- nonhealthcare professionals section
  3. Webmd.com
  4. Mayoclinic.com

Required Readings

Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.). (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Chapter 8, “Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy” (pp. 111-134) 

  This chapter covers factors that impact the selection of an antimicrobial      treatment regimen. It also examines the clinical uses, adverse events, and      drug interactions of various antimicrobial agents such as penicillin.

Chapter 12, “Fungal Infections of the Skin” (pp. 163-196) 

  This chapter explores the pathophysiology of several fungal infections of      the skin as well as related drug treatments and examines the importance of      patient education when managing these infections.

Chapter 14, “Bacterial Infections of the Skin” (pp. 181-196) 

  This chapter begins by examining causes of bacterial infections. It then      explores the importance of selecting an appropriate agent for treating      bacterial infections.

Chapter 32, “Urinary Tract Infection” (pp. 519-526) 

  This chapter covers drugs used to treat urinary tract infections and      identifies special considerations when treating geriatric patients,      pediatric patients, and women.

Chapter 35, “Sexually Transmitted Infections” (pp. 512-535) 

  This chapter outlines the causes, pathophysiology, and drug treatment of      six sexually transmitted infections, including gonorrhea, syphilis, and      human papilloma virus infection (HPV). It also examines the importance of      selecting the proper agent and monitoring patient response to treatment.

Chapter 49, “Human Immunodeficiency Virus” (pp. 843-860) 

  This chapter presents the causes, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria,      and prevention methods for HIV. It also covers various methods of drug      treatment and patient factors to consider when selecting, administering,      and managing drug treatments.

Krummenacher, I., Cavassini, M., Bugnon, O., & Schneider, M. (2011). An interdisciplinary HIV-adherence program combining motivational interviewing and electronic antiretroviral drug monitoring. AIDS Care, 23(5), 550–561.

This article analyzes medication adherence in HIV patients and examines factors that increase adherence as well as factors that contribute to termination or discontinuation of treatment.

Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.drugs.com/

This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.

Scourfield, A., Waters, L., & Nelson, M. (2011). Drug combinations for HIV: What’s new? Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy, 9(11), 1001–1011.

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article examines current therapies and strategies for treating HIV patients. It also examines factors that impact selection of therapy, including drug interactions, personalization of therapy, costs, management of comorbidities, and patient response.

Required Media

Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012). Antimicrobials. Baltimore, MD: Author.

This media presentation outlines principles of antimicrobial therapy

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 7 minutes.

Mayer, K. H., & Krakower, D. (2012). Antiretroviral medication and HIV prevention: New steps forward and New Questions. Annals of Internal Medicine, 156(4), 312–314.

Hormone Replacement Therapy

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In recent years, hormone replacement therapy has become a controversial issue. When prescribing therapies, advanced practice nurses must weigh the strengths and limitations of the prescribed supplemental hormones. If advanced practice nurses determine that the limitations outweigh the strengths, then they might suggest alternative treatment options such as herbs or other natural remedies, changes in diet, and increase in exercise.

Consider the following scenario:

As an advanced practice nurse at a community health clinic, you often treat female (and sometimes male patients) with hormone deficiencies. One of your patients requests that you prescribe supplemental hormones. This poses the questions: How will you determine what kind of treatment to suggest? What patient factors should you consider? Are supplemental hormones the best option for the patient, or would they benefit from alternative treatments?

To prepare:

Review Chapter 56 of the Arcangelo and Peterson text, as well as the Holloway and Makinen and Huhtaniemi articles in the Learning Resources.

Review the provided scenario and reflect on whether or not you would support hormone replacement therapy.

Locate and review additional articles about research on hormone replacement therapy for women and/or men. Consider the strengths and limitations of hormone replacement therapy.

Based on your research of the strengths and limitations, again reflect on whether or not you would support hormone replacement therapy.

Consider whether you would prescribe supplemental hormones or recommend alternative treatments to patients with hormone deficiencies.

With these thoughts in mind:

Post a description of the strengths and limitations of hormone replacement therapy. Based on these strengths and limitations, explain why you would or why you would not support hormone replacement therapy. Explain whether you would prescribe supplemental hormones or recommend alternative treatments to patients with hormone deficiencies and why.

This work should have Introduction and conclusion

  • This work should have at 3 to 5current references (Year 2012 and up)
  • Use at least 2 references from class Learning Resources

The following Resources are not acceptable:

  1. Wikipedia
  2. Cdc.gov- nonhealthcare professionals section
  3. Webmd.com
  4. Mayoclinic.com

Required Readings

Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.). (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Chapter 33, “Prostatic Disorders and Erectile Dysfunction” (pp. 527-544) 

  This chapter examines the causes, pathophysiology, and drug treatment of      four disorders: prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate      cancer, and erectile dysfunction. It also explores the importance of      monitoring patient response and patient education.

Chapter 34, “Overactive Bladder” (pp. 545-564) 

  This chapter describes the causes, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria,      and evaluation of overactive bladder. It also outlines the process of      initiating, administering, and managing drug treatment for this disorder.

Chapter 55, “Contraception” (pp. 959-970) 

  This chapter examines various methods of contraception and covers drug      interactions, selecting the most appropriate agent, and monitoring patient      response to contraceptions.

Chapter 56, “Menopause” (pp. 971-994) 

  This chapter presents various options for menopausal hormone therapy and      examines the strengths and limitations of each form of therapy.

Chapter 57, “Osteoporosis” (pp. 985-994) 

  This chapter covers various options for treating osteoporosis. It also      describes proper dosages, potential adverse reactions, and special      considerations of each drug.

Chapter 58, “Vaginitis” (pp. 995-1006) 

  This chapter examines various causes of vaginitis and explores the      diagnostic criteria and methods of treatment for the disorder.

Holloway, D. (2010). Clinical update on hormone replacement therapy. British Journal of Nursing, 19(8), 496–504

This article examines the purpose, components, and administration of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). It also presents benefits, risks, potential side effects, and alternative treatment options of HRT.

Mäkinen, J. I., & Huhtaniemi, I. (2011). Androgen replacement therapy in late-onset hypogonadism: Current concepts and controversies—A mini-review. Gerontology, 57(3), 193–202.

This article examines the role of testosterone levels in the development of hypogonadism. It also explores health issues that are impacted by testosterone levels and the role of testosterone replacement therapy.

Quality Improvement Milestones

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Throughout history, major events have influenced quality improvement efforts in health care. For example, the Institute of Medicine’s report To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System revealed statistics about errors in patient safety that result in thousands of deaths annually. Health care providers must be cognizant of the purpose and philosophy of quality improvement efforts as they lead the charge for improving health outcomes and patient safety. This Discussion is intended to help you understand how various developments have shaped contemporary perspectives and approaches to promoting health care quality.

By tomorrow 11/28/17, write a minimum of 550 words essay in APA format with 3 references from the list below which addresses the level one headings as numbered below:

Post a cohesive scholarly response that addresses the following:

When “To Err is Human” was published in 1999, it marked an important milestone in Quality Improvement Science.

1) Analyze how this milestone has influenced the health care delivery system and nursing practice.

2) Provide an example from your own work history and experience as to how the patient safety movement has affected your practice.

Required Readings

Joshi, M.S., Ransom, E.R., Nash, D.B., & Ransom, S.B., (Eds.). (2014). The Healthcare Quality Book, 3rd ed. Chicago, IL: Health Administration Press.

Chapter 1: “Healthcare Quality and the Patient”

Chapter 2: “Basic Concepts of Healthcare Quality”

Kohn, L. T., Corrigan, J. M., & Donaldson, M. S. (Eds). (2000). To err is human: Building a safer health system. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

Executive summary: Released in 1999, this groundbreaking report provides the rationale for implementing comprehensive improvements in patient safety, an important subset of health care quality. Although only the executive summary is required this week, you are strongly encouraged to read additional sections of this report as you proceed through the course.

Institute of Medicine, Committee on Quality of Health Care in America. (2001). Crossing the quality chasm: A new health system for the 21st century. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Executive summary: This report was published by the Institute of Medicine in 2001 to highlight the significant gap between the state of health care quality and where it should be. The report draws attention to the need to improve the U.S. health care delivery system as a whole, and identifies six areas for improvement: safety, effectiveness, patient-centeredness, timeliness, efficiency, and equity. Although only the executive summary is required this week, you are strongly encouraged to read additional sections of this report as you proceed through the course.

Wachter, R. M. (2010). Patient safety at ten: Unmistakable progress, troubling gaps. Health Affairs, 29(1), 165–173.

This article presents an analysis of progress in patient safety since the publication of the IOM report, To Err is Human. As you read this article, evaluate the author’s critique, and consider recent developments that continue to shape patient safety efforts in health care.

Required Media

Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2011). Organizational and systems leadership for quality improvement: Concepts of quality and patient safety. Baltimore: Author.

This video examines the recent history of the quality improvement movement, including two pivotal IOM reports, To Err is Human and Crossing the Quality Chasm. Dr. Donald Berwick introduces six dimensions of quality: safety, effectiveness, patient-centeredness, timeliness, efficiency, and equity. Other topics addressed include transparency, the prevention of adverse events, and the usefulness of international comparisons for quality assessment and improvement.