Literature Review

Literature Review

Literature Evaluation Table

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Change Topic (2-3 sentences):Changing lifestyles is a necessary process that helps control blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes. It is significant to investigate and determine the efficacy of making lifestyle modifications such as making changes in the diets individuals consume and exercising regularly can help in help in managing T2D by reducing patients’ glycemic levels. Literature Review

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Criteria	Article 1	Article 2	Article 3	Article 4
Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article	Aminian, A., Zajichek, A., Arterburn, D. E., Wolski, K. E., Brethauer, S. A., Schauer, P. R., … & Nissen, S. E. Published in Jama Journal. https://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2019.14231&utm_	Fink, A., Fach, E. M., & Schröder, S. L. Published in the International journal for equity in health.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-019-0924-3	Gillani, S. W., Sulaiman, S. A. S., Abdul, M. I. M., & Saad, S. Y. Published in the Diabetology & metabolic syndrome Journal. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13098-017-0257-6.pdf	Huang, X. L., Pan, J. H., Chen, D., Chen, J., Chen, F., & Hu, T. T. E. Published in European Journal of Internal Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2015.11.016
Article Title and Year Published	Association of metabolic surgery with major adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Published in 2019	Learning to shape life’–a qualitative study on the challenges posed by a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type 2. Published in 2019	A qualitative study to explore the perception and behavior of patients towards diabetes management with physical disability. Published in 2017.	Efficacy of lifestyle interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Published in 2016
Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative)	Metabolic surgery controls dietary intake to manage blood sugar levels, and reduce the need for medication indiabetic patients who are obese.	What are the challenges associated with a diagnosis of T2D, and what changes do individuals make to cope with the condition effectively?	What lifestyle changes should physically disabled diabetic patients make, and how do they impact their blood sugar levels?	Efficacy of lifestyle interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Purposes/Aim of Study	What lifestyle changes should physically disabled diabetic patients make, and how do they impact their blood sugar levels?	The study aims to deduce the health challenges associated with a diagnosis of T2D and the impact of making lifestyle changes on coping with them	The purpose of the study was to determine whether physically disabled individuals with T2D were aware of the lifestyle management strategies such as changes in dietary intake that they should make to lower their blood sugar levels and improve their health and well-being and the impact of these changes.	The purpose of the meta-analysis is to determine the outcomes of three lifestyle changes: dietary management, increased physical activity, and patient instruction on effective self-care
Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)	Retrospective cohort design	Descriptive design	Exploratory design	Meta-synthesis design
Setting/Sample	Cleveland clinic/ 13722 patients	Martin Luther-King University Hospital in Germany/ 19 participants	Penang Hospital in Malaysia/21 participants	Online research/ 17 articles
Methods: Intervention/Instruments	Observation of selected patients Literature Review	Semi-structured interviews using open ended questions	Semi-structured interviews using pen-ended questions	Review of the data in the articles
Analysis	Surgical restructuring of the digestive systems is directly linked to a reduction of blood sugar levels	Patients who changed their lifestyle to incorporate healthy habits experienced low blood sugar levels.	Increased physical activity in physically disabled patients with T2D is directly related to lower blood sugar levels.	Dietary management, increased physical activity and effective education of patients are directly linked to improved health in patients with T2D.
Key Findings	Surgical restructuring of the metabolic system helps reduce the prevalence of cardiovascular problems in obese patients who have diabetes. It also helps control blood sugar levels and reduce medication use in diabetic management	Patients with T2D investigated and found new strategies for coping with the challenges precipitated by a diagnosis of the disease. They also adopted new living styles to improve their health and well-being, which lowered their blood sugar levels significantly.	Patients with T2D investigated and found new strategies for coping with the challenges precipitated by a diagnosis of the disease. They also adopted new living styles to improve their health and well-being, which lowered their blood sugar levels significantly.	Lifestyle modification played a significant role in lowering blood sugar levels and improving the health and well-being of patients with diabetes.
Recommendations	The surgical procedure was a practical approach to improving the lifestyle of diabetic patients who are obese. It led to better dietary management and helped lower the blood sugar levels of patients	Healthcare providers should educate patients on the effective lifestyle changes they can make to improve their health and well-being.	It is necessary to instigate measures to help T2D patients with physical disabilities make adequate lifestyle changes for effective glycemic control	The authors recommended that lifestyle changes should be instructed in diabetic patients to promote their health and well-being.
Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone Project	The article is related to the PICOT question because it identifies metabolic surgery as a preparatory step that can be used to change the lifestyle of a diabetic patient to reduce the portions of food they consume and reduce weight, hence controlling their blood sugar levels.	The article is related to the PICOT question because it determines the changes individuals are compelled to make after they are diagnosed with T2D and the impact of these lifestyle changes on their health and well-being.	The article relates to the PICOT question because it explores the lifestyle modifications that diabetic patients who are physically incapacitated make to improve their health and well-being	The article relates to the PICOT question because it discusses practical lifestyle modification approaches that diabetic patients can use and their impact on their blood sugar levels.

 

 

Criteria	Article 5	Article 6	Article 7	Article 8
Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article	Johansen, M. Y., MacDonald, C. S., Hansen, K. B., Karstoft, K., Christensen, R., Pedersen, M., … & Ried-Larsen, M. Published in Jamanet Journal.https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2648632	Taheri, S., Zaghloul, H., Chagoury, O., Elhadad, S., Ahmed, S. H., El Khatib, N., … & Abou-Samra, A. B. The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinalogy Journal. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2648632	Sebire, S. J., Toumpakari, Z., Turner, K. M., Cooper, A. R., Page, A. S., Malpass, A., & Andrews, R. C. BMC Public Health Journal. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12889-018-5114-5.pdf	Hallberg, S. J., McKenzie, A. L., Williams, P. T., Bhanpuri, N. H., Peters, A. L., Campbell, W. W., … & Volek, J. S. Diabetic Therapy Journal. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13300-018-0373-9 .
Article Title and Year Published	Effect of an intensive lifestyle intervention on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. Published in 2017. Literature Review	Effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on body weight and glycaemia in early type 2 diabetes (DIADEM-I): an open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial.  Published in 2020	“I’ve made this my lifestyle now”: a prospective qualitative study of motivation for lifestyle change among people with newly diagnosed type two diabetes mellitus. Published in 2018.	Effectiveness and safety of a novel care model for the management of type 2 diabetes at 1 year: an open-label, non-randomized, controlled study. Publised in 2018
Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative)	How does lifestyle modification impact the glycemic levels of diabetic patients?	Does implementing comprehensive lifestyle modifications have a positive impact on young diabetic patients?	How do people newly diagnosed with diabetes get the motivation needed to make positive changes in their lifestyle and the impact of these changes on their blood sugar levels	What is the impact of controlling carbohydrate intake having on glycemic control?
Purposes/Aim of Study	The study purposed to investigate the hypothetical indication that modifying patients’ lifestyles helped improve their glycemic levels, lowering their need for medications.	The study aims to investigate whether encouraging lifestyle modifications can help young people with T2D to lose excessive weight and have sufficiently low glycemic levels.	The study aims to determine how individuals diagnosed with T2D get encouraged to make lifestyle changes to control their sugar levels and the impacts of this decision	The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of an intervention designed to restrict carbohydrate intake on the sugar levels of diabetic patients
Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)	Quasi experimental design	Exploratory study design	Descriptive research design	Randomized control design
Setting/Sample	Zealand and Denmark/98 patients	Qatar/ 158 participants	South West England/ 593 participants	Lafayette, Indiana/218 participants
Methods: Intervention/Instruments	Comparison of the two variables	Semi structured interviews	Semi structured interviews	Comparison of dependent and independent studies
Analysis	Lifestyle changes are directly related to the intensity of the lifestyle changes patients make.	Lifestyle changes are directly related to the intensity of the lifestyle changes patients make.	There is a direct connection between healthy lifestyles and low glycemic levels	There is a direct connection between healthy lifestyles and low glycemic levels
Key Findings	Making lifestyle changes reduced the glycemic levels of diabetic patients; hence they took fewer drugs to control the disease.	Lifestyle modifications helped reduce excessive weight, which is a significant factor in diabetes control. It also reduced glycemic levels hence improving the health of the patients.	The diagnosis of diabetes is a significant motivation that makes them make adequate lifestyle changes to control their blood sugar levels	Limiting carbohydrates intake is a significant intervention that helps in lowering glucose intake in patients with T2D
Recommendations	The authors recommended that diabetic patients be encouraged to make lifestyle changes to improve their health and well-being.	Lifestyle modification should be encapsulated as an effective strategy in managing diabetes because of its short-term and long-term benefits to the patients.	It is significant for individuals diagnosed with T2D to have adequate motivations to make them change their lifestyle, which is a necessary process that ensures that their blood sugar levels are controlled adequately	The researcher indicated that the issue should be investigated more to determine the strategies that can be used to adapt the intervention as an evidence-based practice in the clinical setting
Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone	The article is related to the PICOT question because it investigates the relationship between making lifestyle changes and reducing blood sugar levels in diabetic patients and how this impacts their medication use.	The article relates to the PICOT question because it examines the impact of modifying lifestyle on controlling glycemic levels and weight and improving the well-being of patients with diabetes	The article relates to the PICOT question because it investigates how the impacts of making lifestyle changes such as dietary changes and engaging in physical exertions can improve the quality of life of a diabetic patient.	The article is related to the PICOT article because it scrutinizes the effects of using a lifestyle model that comprises approaches such as limiting the intake of carbohydrates in patients with T2D.