Literature Review

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Literature Review

Literature Evaluation Table

Student Name:

Change Topic (2-3 sentences):Changing lifestyles is a necessary process that helps control blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes. It is significant to investigate and determine the efficacy of making lifestyle modifications such as making changes in the diets individuals consume and exercising regularly can help in help in managing T2D by reducing patients’ glycemic levels. Literature Review

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Criteria Article 1 Article 2 Article 3 Article 4
Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and

Permalink or Working Link to Access Article

 

 Aminian, A., Zajichek, A., Arterburn, D. E., Wolski, K. E., Brethauer, S. A., Schauer, P. R., … & Nissen, S. E. Published in Jama Journal. https://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2019.14231&utm_

 

 

 Fink, A., Fach, E. M., & Schröder, S. L. Published in the International journal for equity in health.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-019-0924-3

 

 Gillani, S. W., Sulaiman, S. A. S., Abdul, M. I. M., & Saad, S. Y. Published in the Diabetology & metabolic syndrome Journal. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13098-017-0257-6.pdf Huang, X. L., Pan, J. H., Chen, D., Chen, J., Chen, F., & Hu, T. T. E. Published in European Journal of Internal Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2015.11.016

 
Article Title and Year Published

 

 Association of metabolic surgery with major adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Published in 2019 Learning to shape life’–a qualitative study on the challenges posed by a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type 2. Published in 2019 A qualitative study to explore the perception and behavior of patients towards diabetes management with physical disability. Published in 2017. Efficacy of lifestyle interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Published in 2016
Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative)

 

 Metabolic surgery controls dietary intake to manage blood sugar levels, and reduce the need for medication indiabetic patients who are obese. What are the challenges associated with a diagnosis of T2D, and what changes do individuals make to cope with the condition effectively? What lifestyle changes should physically disabled diabetic patients make, and how do they impact their blood sugar levels? Efficacy of lifestyle interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Purposes/Aim of Study What lifestyle changes should physically disabled diabetic patients make, and how do they impact their blood sugar levels? The study aims to deduce the health challenges associated with a diagnosis of T2D and the impact of making lifestyle changes on coping with them The purpose of the study was to determine whether physically disabled individuals with T2D were aware of the lifestyle management strategies such as changes in dietary intake that they should make to lower their blood sugar levels and improve their health and well-being and the impact of these changes. The purpose of the meta-analysis is to determine the outcomes of three lifestyle changes: dietary management, increased physical activity, and patient instruction on effective self-care
Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)

 

 Retrospective cohort design Descriptive design Exploratory design Meta-synthesis design
Setting/Sample

 

 Cleveland clinic/ 13722 patients Martin Luther-King University Hospital in Germany/ 19 participants Penang Hospital in Malaysia/21 participants Online research/ 17 articles
Methods: Intervention/Instruments

 

 Observation of selected patients Literature Review Semi-structured interviews using open ended questions Semi-structured interviews using pen-ended questions Review of the data in the articles
Analysis

 

  Surgical restructuring of the digestive systems is directly linked to a reduction of blood sugar levels Patients who changed their lifestyle to incorporate healthy habits experienced low blood sugar levels. Increased physical activity in physically disabled patients with T2D is directly related to lower blood sugar levels. Dietary management, increased physical activity and effective education of patients are directly linked to improved health in patients with T2D.
Key Findings

 

 Surgical restructuring of the metabolic system helps reduce the prevalence of cardiovascular problems in obese patients who have diabetes. It also helps control blood sugar levels and reduce medication use in diabetic management Patients with T2D investigated and found new strategies for coping with the challenges precipitated by a diagnosis of the disease. They also adopted new living styles to improve their health and well-being, which lowered their blood sugar levels significantly. Patients with T2D investigated and found new strategies for coping with the challenges precipitated by a diagnosis of the disease. They also adopted new living styles to improve their health and well-being, which lowered their blood sugar levels significantly. Lifestyle modification played a significant role in lowering blood sugar levels and improving the health and well-being of patients with diabetes.
Recommendations

 

 The surgical procedure was a practical approach to improving the lifestyle of diabetic patients who are obese. It led to better dietary management and helped lower the blood sugar levels of patients Healthcare providers should educate patients on the effective lifestyle changes they can make to improve their health and well-being. It is necessary to instigate measures to help T2D patients with physical disabilities make adequate lifestyle changes for effective glycemic control The authors recommended that lifestyle changes should be instructed in diabetic patients to promote their health and well-being.
Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone Project

 

 The article is related to the PICOT question because it identifies metabolic surgery as a preparatory step that can be used to change the lifestyle of a diabetic patient to reduce the portions of food they consume and reduce weight, hence controlling their blood sugar levels. The article is related to the PICOT question because it determines the changes individuals are compelled to make after they are diagnosed with T2D and the impact of these lifestyle changes on their health and well-being. The article relates to the PICOT question because it explores the lifestyle modifications that diabetic patients who are physically incapacitated make to improve their health and well-being The article relates to the PICOT question because it discusses practical lifestyle modification approaches that diabetic patients can use and their impact on their blood sugar levels.

 

 

Criteria Article 5 Article 6 Article 7 Article 8
Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and

Permalink or Working Link to Access Article

 

 Johansen, M. Y., MacDonald, C. S., Hansen, K. B., Karstoft, K., Christensen, R., Pedersen, M., … & Ried-Larsen, M. Published in Jamanet Journal.https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2648632 Taheri, S., Zaghloul, H., Chagoury, O., Elhadad, S., Ahmed, S. H., El Khatib, N., … & Abou-Samra, A. B. The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinalogy Journal. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2648632 Sebire, S. J., Toumpakari, Z., Turner, K. M., Cooper, A. R., Page, A. S., Malpass, A., & Andrews, R. C. BMC Public Health Journal. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12889-018-5114-5.pdf

 

 Hallberg, S. J., McKenzie, A. L., Williams, P. T., Bhanpuri, N. H., Peters, A. L., Campbell, W. W., … & Volek, J. S. Diabetic Therapy Journal. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13300-018-0373-9

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Article Title and Year Published

 

 Effect of an intensive lifestyle intervention on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. Published in 2017. Literature Review Effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on body weight and glycaemia in early type 2 diabetes (DIADEM-I): an open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial.  Published in 2020 “I’ve made this my lifestyle now”: a prospective qualitative study of motivation for lifestyle change among people with newly diagnosed type two diabetes mellitus. Published in 2018. Effectiveness and safety of a novel care model for the management of type 2 diabetes at 1 year: an open-label, non-randomized, controlled study. Publised in 2018
Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative)

 

 How does lifestyle modification impact the glycemic levels of diabetic patients? Does implementing comprehensive lifestyle modifications have a positive impact on young diabetic patients? How do people newly diagnosed with diabetes get the motivation needed to make positive changes in their lifestyle and the impact of these changes on their blood sugar levels What is the impact of controlling carbohydrate intake having on glycemic control?
Purposes/Aim of Study The study purposed to investigate the hypothetical indication that modifying patients’ lifestyles helped improve their glycemic levels, lowering their need for medications. The study aims to investigate whether encouraging lifestyle modifications can help young people with T2D to lose excessive weight and have sufficiently low glycemic levels. The study aims to determine how individuals diagnosed with T2D get encouraged to make lifestyle changes to control their sugar levels and the impacts of this decision The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of an intervention designed to restrict carbohydrate intake on the sugar levels of diabetic patients
Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)

 

 Quasi experimental design Exploratory study design Descriptive research design Randomized control design
Setting/Sample

 

 Zealand and Denmark/98 patients Qatar/ 158 participants South West England/ 593 participants Lafayette, Indiana/218 participants
Methods: Intervention/Instruments

 

 Comparison of the two variables Semi structured interviews Semi structured interviews Comparison of dependent and independent studies
Analysis

 

 Lifestyle changes are directly related to the intensity of the lifestyle changes patients make. Lifestyle changes are directly related to the intensity of the lifestyle changes patients make. There is a direct connection between healthy lifestyles and low glycemic levels There is a direct connection between healthy lifestyles and low glycemic levels
Key Findings

 

 Making lifestyle changes reduced the glycemic levels of diabetic patients; hence they took fewer drugs to control the disease. Lifestyle modifications helped reduce excessive weight, which is a significant factor in diabetes control. It also reduced glycemic levels hence improving the health of the patients. The diagnosis of diabetes is a significant motivation that makes them make adequate lifestyle changes to control their blood sugar levels Limiting carbohydrates intake is a significant intervention that helps in lowering glucose intake in patients with T2D
Recommendations

 

 The authors recommended that diabetic patients be encouraged to make lifestyle changes to improve their health and well-being. Lifestyle modification should be encapsulated as an effective strategy in managing diabetes because of its short-term and long-term benefits to the patients. It is significant for individuals diagnosed with T2D to have adequate motivations to make them change their lifestyle, which is a necessary process that ensures that their blood sugar levels are controlled adequately The researcher indicated that the issue should be investigated more to determine the strategies that can be used to adapt the intervention as an evidence-based practice in the clinical setting
Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone

 

 The article is related to the PICOT question because it investigates the relationship between making lifestyle changes and reducing blood sugar levels in diabetic patients and how this impacts their medication use. The article relates to the PICOT question because it examines the impact of modifying lifestyle on controlling glycemic levels and weight and improving the well-being of patients with diabetes The article relates to the PICOT question because it investigates how the impacts of making lifestyle changes such as dietary changes and engaging in physical exertions can improve the quality of life of a diabetic patient. The article is related to the PICOT article because it scrutinizes the effects of using a lifestyle model that comprises approaches such as limiting the intake of carbohydrates in patients with T2D.

 

 

 

Patient Education for Children and Adolescents

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Patient Education for Children and Adolescents

Assignment: Patient Education for Children and Adolescents

Patient education is an effective tool in supporting compliance and treatment for a diagnosis. It is important to consider effective ways to educate patients and their families about a diagnosis—such as coaching, brochures, or videos—and to recognize that the efficacy of any materials may differ based on the needs and learning preferences of a particular patient. Because patients or their families may be overwhelmed with a new diagnosis, it is important that materials provided by the practitioner clearly outline the information that patients need to know. Patient Education for Children and Adolescents

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Photo Credit: Getty Images

For this Assignment, you will pretend that you are a contributing writer to a health blog. You are tasked with explaining important information about an assigned mental health disorder in language appropriate for child/adolescent patients and/or their caregivers.

To Prepare

  • By Day 1, your Instructor will assign a mood or anxiety disorder diagnosis for you to use for this Assignment.
  • Research signs and symptoms for your diagnosis, pharmacological treatments, nonpharmacological treatments, and appropriate community resources and referrals. Patient Education for Children and Adolescents

The Assignment

In a 300- to 500-word blog post written for a patient and/or caregiver audience, explain signs and symptoms for your diagnosis, pharmacological treatments, nonpharmacological treatments, and appropriate community resources and referrals.
Although you are not required to respond to colleagues, collegial discussion is welcome.

Rubric Detail

 

Select Grid View or List View to change the rubric’s layout.

Name: NRNP_6665_Week5_Assignment_Rubric

  Excellent Good Fair Poor
In a 300- to 500-word blog post written for a patient and/or caregiver audience:

• Explain signs and symptoms for the assigned diagnosis in children and adolescents.

 27 (27%) – 30 (30%)

The response accurately and concisely explains signs and symptoms of the assigned diagnosis in language and tone that are engaging and appropriate for a patient/caregiver audience.

 24 (24%) – 26 (26%)

The response accurately explains signs and symptoms of the assigned diagnosis in language and tone appropriate for a patient/caregiver audience.

 21 (21%) – 23 (23%)

The response somewhat vaguely or inaccurately explains signs and symptoms of the assigned diagnosis. Language and tone are mostly appropriate for a patient/caregiver audience.

 0 (0%) – 20 (20%)

The response vaguely or inaccurately explains signs and symptoms of the assigned diagnosis. Language and tone are not appropriate for a patient/caregiver audience. Or the response is missing.
· Explain pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments for children and adolescents with the diagnosis. 27 (27%) – 30 (30%)

The response accurately and concisely explains pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments in language and tone that are engaging and appropriate for a patient/caregiver audience.

 24 (24%) – 26 (26%)

The response accurately explains pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments in language and tone that are appropriate for a patient/caregiver audience.

 21 (21%) – 23 (23%)

The response somewhat vaguely or inaccurately explains pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments. Language and tone are mostly appropriate for a patient/caregiver audience.

 0 (0%) – 20 (20%)

The response vaguely or inaccurately explains pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments. Language and tone are not appropriate for a patient/caregiver audience. Or the response is missing.
· Explain appropriate community resources and referrals for the assigned diagnosis. 23 (23%) – 25 (25%)

The response accurately and concisely explains appropriate community resources and referrals for the assigned diagnosis in language and tone that are engaging and appropriate for a patient/caregiver audience.

 20 (20%) – 22 (22%)

The response accurately explains appropriate community resources and referrals for the assigned diagnosis in language and tone that are appropriate for a patient/caregiver audience.

 18 (18%) – 19 (19%)

The response somewhat vaguely or inaccurately explains community resources and referrals for the assigned diagnosis. Language and tone are mostly appropriate for a patient/caregiver audience.

 0 (0%) – 17 (17%)

The response vaguely or inaccurately explains community resources and referrals for the assigned diagnosis. Language and tone are not appropriate for a patient/caregiver audience. Or the response is missing.
Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization:

Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction are provided that delineate all required criteria.

 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.

A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion are provided that delineate all required criteria.

 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time.

Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are stated, yet they are brief and not descriptive.

 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%–79% of the time.

Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are vague or off topic.

 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity <60% of the time.

No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion were provided.
Written Expression and Formatting – English Writing Standards:

Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation

 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors

 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)

Contains one or two grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors

 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)

Contains several (three or four) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors

 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)

Contains many (five or more) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.
Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/narrative in-text citations, and reference list. 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

Uses correct APA format with no errors

 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)

Contains one or two APA format errors

 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)

Contains several (three or four) APA format errors

 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)

Contains many (five or more) APA format errors
Total Points: 100

Name: NRNP_6665_Week5_Assignment_Rubric

 

DISCUSS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SOCIAL STRUCTURES ON HEALTH AND ILLNESS.

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Discussed the significance of social structures on health and illness. In the newest version of the DSM, the following disorders (but not limited to) have been either included for the first time or modified: Bereavement Exclusion (removal from Depression), Internet Gaming Disorder, Hoarding Disorder, and Gender Dysphoria. Selectoneof the disorders. In one to two double-spaced pages, briefly discuss the selected diagnosis (You can start here: http://www.dsm5.org/Pages/Default.aspx The box on the bottom right has diagnoses that have changed) and talk about the implications of the medicalization of the diagnosis. Remember we’re focusing on medicalization; not necessarily on how the disorder affects people per se, but on how changing what is considered a medical problem or not affects people.Talk about the implications of the medicalization of the diagnosis. For example, which social group(s) might be more or less likely to be diagnosed with this based on these new criteria? What are the social consequences and the social benefits of having the condition medicalized in this way? What would a cure look like in terms of how you would expect the person to behave or feel once s/he is cured?

Kant’s Ethics and Our Duty

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Kant’s Ethics and Our Duty

Week 5 Discussion: Kant’s Ethics and Our Duty

33 unread replies.33 replies.

Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:

  • Textbook: Chapters 9, 10
  • Lesson
  • Minimum of 1 scholarly source (in addition to the textbook)

Introduction
Kant’s famous First Formulation of the Categorical Imperative reads, “Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.” Kant taught morality as a matter of following maxims of living that reflect absolute laws. “Universal” is a term that allows for no exceptions, and what is universal applies always and everywhere. Don’t forget about the second formulation of the categorical imperative which states, “Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of another, always at the same time as an end and never simply as a means.” It is just as important. Kant’s Ethics and Our Duty

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Initial Post Instructions
For the initial post, address one of the following sets of questions:

  1. What are the personal and/or communal ethical factors that may be involved in determining the moral position of either side given a contemporary debate, such as those concerning animal rights, stem cell research, abortion, the death penalty, and so forth?
  2. Elaborate in detail the ethical positions arrived at by using the Kantian categorical imperative relative to the long standing debate surrounding the death penalty or abortion. Argue the ethics from the point of view of the prisoner or from the fetus
  3. Evaluate the ethical positions in part two. You will want to detail whether they are convincing, logical, correct, consistent, etc. Kant’s Ethics and Our Duty

Follow-Up Post Instructions
Respond to at least one peer. Further the dialogue by providing more information and clarification.

Writing Requirements

  • Minimum of 2 posts (1 initial & 1 follow-up)
  • Minimum of 2 sources cited (assigned readings/online lessons and an outside scholarly source)
  • APA format for in-text citations and list of references

 

 

Annotated Bibliography

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Annotated Bibliography

Week 5 Assignment: Course Project Milestone: Annotated Bibliography

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Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:

  • Textbook: Chapters 9, 10
  • Lesson
  • Minimum of 5 scholarly source (in addition to the textbook)

Instructions
First, return to your topic chosen in the week three assignment.

  • Answer this question: What are the personal and/or communal ethical factors that may be involved in determining the moral position of either side in that debate?
  • Next, articulate and then evaluate the ethical positions  using Kantian ethics (that is, the categorical imperative) relative to the long standing debate (that is your topic chosen in the week three assignment).
  • Finally, create a complete annotated bibliography for 5 academic scholarly sources. You will annotate each source. The sources should be relevant to your topic chosen in the week three assignment. Annotated Bibliography

Include the following:

  • Publication details
  • Annotation (a detailed reading of the source)

Each annotation section should include the following:

  • Summarize key points and identify key terms (using quotation marks, and citing a page in parentheses).
  • Describe the controversies or “problems” raised by the articles.
  • State whether you agree or disagree and give reasons.
  • Locate one or two quotations to be used in the final research project.
  • Evaluate the ways in which this article is important and has helped you focus your understanding.

Use the following as a model:

APA Reference
Mezirow, J. (2003). Transformative learning as discourse. Journal of Transformative Education, 1(1), 58-63.

Annotation Example
In this article, Mezirow (2003) makes a distinction between “instrumental” and “communicative” learning. “Instrumental learning” refers to those processes which measure and gauge learning, such as tests, grades, comments, quizzes, attendance records and the like. “Communicative learning,” on the other hand, refers to understanding created over time between individuals in what Mezirow calls “critical-dialectical-discourse,” (p. 59) which is a fancy way of saying, important conversation between 2 or more speakers. Another key idea Mezirow discusses is “transformative learning,” (p. 61) which changes the mind, the heart, the values and beliefs of people so that they may act better in the world. Mezirow argues that “hungry, desperate, homeless, sick, destitute, and intimidated people obviously cannot participate fully and freely in discourse” (p. 59). On the one hand, he is right: there are some people who cannot fully engage because their crisis is so long and deep, they are prevented. But, I don’t think Mezirow should make the blanket assumption that everyone in unfortunate circumstances is incapable of entering the discourse meaningfully. One thing is certain: if we gave as much attention to the non-instrumental forms of intelligence–like goodness, compassion, forgiveness, wonder, self-motivation, creativity, humor, love, and other non-measured forms of intelligence in our school curriculums, we’d see better people, actors in the world, and interested investigators than we currently have graduating high school.

Writing Requirements (APA format)

  • Length: 4-7 pages (not including title page or references page)
  • 1-inch margins
  • Double spaced
  • 12-point Times New Roman font
  • Title page

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Topic: Mandatory Vaccination

Mandatory vaccination is an ancient practice that has remained a controversial issue due to variance in beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge. Since vaccines were introduced in 1796, there have been people in support of the practice while there have also been other against vaccines. The case has only gotten worse with the government making some vaccines mandatory as the determined compelled those against vaccines to feel like their feelings and rights have been violated by the government. at the same time, the government leaving people exposed and vulnerable to contagious diseases has led to massive negative effects a situation that has compelled the government to go against the wish and desires of some people. There are a lot of reasons shared by both parties and the challenging thing is that all arguments are valid hence creating an intense ethical or moral dilemma on the issue.

The supporters of mandatory vaccinations claims that vaccines save lives since infectious diseases are leading killers for instance polio, tetanus, chickenpox, measles, and the recent corona virus among others(Orient, 2019). Secondly, the supporters claims that vaccines boosts the body’s immune system and this makes the body able to handle even other underlying conditions that could have affected overall wellbeing of the person.

On the other hand, the opposers of mandatory vaccinations claim that vaccines have string side effects and there are many instances they have weakened the body’s natural immune system. This is because the body is created in a manner it has a natural method of fighting diseases and hence vaccines only compromises the original body version(Giubilini, 2021). The second reason shared by those opposing vaccines is that vaccines are made from chemicals and it is for this reason that some people have still suffered other complications to the point of suffering death despite having been vaccinated.

According to MacDonald, et al., (2018); Ethical Egoist is a person that makes a moral decision guided by pure self-interest. On the case of Ethical Egoist, such a person is likely to support the perspective that he/she would feel would suit personal interests on the matter. In the case the ethical egoist would have a direct link and benefit from the act of having people vaccinated, he/she would support the idea not because it is good but because he/she is benefiting. On the other hand, it he/she is not benefiting in any way, he/she is likely to go against the mandatory vaccinations claiming they violate human rights. The reason for this is that ethical egoist are always in support of things they would benefit and can highly all benefits while shadowing negative effects and always talks ill of things they feel are not of any importance to them even though they have a general benefit to others(MacDonald, et al., 2018). Whenever there is no benefit, ethical egoists are more focused on negativity of the issues than the positivity of an issue.

Looking at the mandatory vaccinations moral controversy issue; it is evident there is a conflict between loyalty to self and to community. A majority of the people are more focused on loyalty to self by looking at the gains they would have as individuals as compared to community benefits. As a long as people feel they do not have any direct benefit as individuals, they tend to argue against vaccines overlooking the general benefit the society is having(Orient, 2019). At the same time, many people make use of the knowledge they have, personal beliefs, and attitudes towards an issue to make a decision that would affect a community. Nevertheless, the fact that vaccines affects the society, loyalty to self should be overlooked and people applying good interest for others to make a general decision. This being the case, vaccines should be viewed from the perspective of how they have benefited the society and not a few people as this is the morally acceptable perspective.

Social contract ethicists are people that claim people live together in society in accordance with an agreement that established political and moral rules of behaviors. On the case of mandatory vaccines, the social contract ethicists would support vaccinations since they have proven to have more benefits than challenges a situation that communicates morally and interest of the majority(Giubilini, 2021). The more reason is that social contract ethicists are more focused on morals than self-interests and this means it is the well-being of the society that takes center stage. From this perspective, it is evident there is a collision between personal obligations and national ones. This is because social contract ethicists are nationalists that focus on taking care of national obligations overshadowing their personal obligations despite the desire to have their attitudes and feelings on the issue taken into consideration. This is the action that best suits the situation where personal interests should be left aside while national interests uplifted for the wellbeing of the majority(Orient, 2019). The more reason is that when the interest of the majority is considered, mandatory vaccines would be supported or opposed from morally acceptable arguments and not because a single or few people like or do not like them.

 

 

References

Giubilini, A. (2021). Vaccination ethics. British medical bulletin, 137(1), 4-12.

MacDonald, N. E., Harmon, S., Dube, E., Steenbeek, A., Crowcroft, N., Opel, D. J., … & Butler, R. (2018). Mandatory infant & childhood immunization: Rationales, issues and knowledge gaps. Vaccine, 36(39), 5811-5818.

Orient, J. M. (2019). Vaccine Controversies: the Case for Freedom and Informed Consent. Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons, 24(3).

 

Patient Education for Children and Adolescents

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Patient Education for Children and Adolescents

Patient Education for Children and Adolescents Patient Education for Children and Adolescents

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Patient education is an effective tool in supporting compliance and treatment for a diagnosis. It is important to consider effective ways to educate patients and their families about a diagnosis—such as coaching, brochures, or videos—and to recognize that the efficacy of any materials may differ based on the needs and learning preferences of a particular patient. Because patients or their families may be overwhelmed with a new diagnosis, it is important that materials provided by the practitioner clearly outline the information that patients need to know. Patient Education for Children and Adolescents

 

For this Assignment, you will pretend that you are a contributing writer to a health blog. You are tasked with explaining important information about an assigned mental health disorder in language appropriate for child/adolescent patients and/or their caregivers.  Patient Education for Children and Adolescents

 

To Prepare

  • By Day 1, your Instructor will assign a mood or anxiety disorder diagnosis for you to use for this Assignment.
  • Research signs and symptoms for your diagnosis, pharmacological treatments, nonpharmacological treatments, and appropriate community resources and referrals. Patient Education for Children and Adolescents

 

The Assignment

In a 300- to 500-word blog post written for a patient and/or caregiver audience, explain signs and symptoms for your diagnosis, pharmacological treatments, nonpharmacological treatments, and appropriate community resources and referrals.
Although you are not required to respond to colleagues, collegial discussion is welcome.

 

 

PLEASE NOTE: My own disorder diagnosis is BIPOLAR DISORDER Patient Education for Children and Adolescents

PLEASE FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS AS INDICATED BELOW:

 

1). ZERO (0) PLAGIARISM.

 

2). ATLEAST 5 REFERENCES, NO MORE THAN 5 YEARS (WITHIN 5YRS, OR LESS THAN 5YRS)

 

3). PLEASE SEE THE ATTACHED:Rubricdetails,Assignment details/Instructions.

 

4). Please review and follow the grading rubricdetails, and include each component in the assignmentas required. Also, follow the APA 7 writing rules and style/Format.

 

Thank you.

 

2010 Health Care Reform Bill Impact Review- Serious Inquiries1) Scenario: Pursuant to the 2010 Health Care Reform Bill, the United States will be challenged to bring into its health care population some 32 million more patients.

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2010 Health Care Reform Bill Impact Review- Serious Inquiries1) Scenario: Pursuant to the 2010 Health Care Reform Bill, the United States will be challenged to bring into its health care population some 32 million more patients. Formerly, many of these patients were uninsured. Some of these patients were seen and treated in safety-net hospitals, but mostly in emergency rooms. Reliable, independent studies have shown that this population is low income and is disproportionately made up of ethnic and racial minorities; however, it is important to point out that due to the economic downturn at the turn of the decade surrounding 2010, this 32 million will include a significant number of non-minority unemployed individuals. Consider that health care institutions must move beyond simply taking in and treating the sick and injured who come through the door. In the near future, the health of the community will be measured in terms of low disease burden, high vaccination rates, controlled chronic disease rates, healthier life styles, and a better educated public. Clearly, the impacts to the health care system will have to be addressed.2) Write a paper (1,250-1,500 words) that describes the roles and responsibilities of health care management in addressing this pressing dilemma. Apply the following questions to generate your conclusions about how you would proceed:a) How do the considerations under the concept of governance apply?b) What are the major financial issues being faced?c) What are the major physical issues being faced?d) What are the major demographic issues being faced?

Public health professionals play various roles including being expert witnesses. This case study presents a situation where you are called upon to provide expertise.

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Public health professionals play various roles including being expert witnesses. This case study presents a situation where you are called upon to provide expertise.Consider the following scenario:A major agribusiness is interested in opening a beef confined animal feeding operation (CAFO) in your community. To ensure compliance to procedures there will be public hearings on the proposal. The local government is very interested in seeing the operation established because it will generate employment and income for the community.Using the readings for this module Argosy University online library resources and the Internet explain the health impacts the CAFO can have on the community in a 6-page research paper. In your research paper at a minimum make sure you address the following:Your paper should be written in proper research paper format with full APA compliance to include a title page header page numbers abstract use of Level I and II headings in-text citations and a properly formatted references page.Assignment 2 Grading CriteriaDiscuss both natural and man-made health issues that may arise from the CAFO.Discuss both short- and long-term effects individual and community effects and environmental effects.Explain the legal standards surrounding CAFO as they are in the United States and explain how the local government agencies would respond to help alleviate or mitigate any health risks.Propose specific efforts the community can make to provide risk reduction risk control and risk communication helping to mitigate any negative effects of the CAFO in the community.Writing ComponentsOrganization:Write with clear organization appropriate to required format including introduction thesis/main idea transitions and conclusion when appropriate.Usage and Mechanics:Write using proper grammar spelling usage and mechanics to provide smooth readability.APA Elements:Include proper attribution paraphrasing and quotations of all sources.Audience and Communication:Write specifically to key audience using terminology and tone appropriate for the audience.Writing is focused. Tone is adequately formal in keeping with the audience.

Seeking Health Care Essay

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Seeking Health Care Essay

SOAP Note 1

Encounter date: March 17, 2022

Patient Initials: F.P

Gender: Male

Age: 65

Race: White

Ethnicity:Hispanic

 

Reason for Seeking Health Care

F.P, 65-year-old Hispanic visited the clinic and complained about diarrhea, gas, bloating, severe abdominal pain, and crumpling. The patient admitted having experienced the symptoms in the last month and could hardly work or sleep at night.

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HPI

The patient reported that his condition has become worse in the last four weeks. He has been experiencing pain in the lower abdomen. However, the pain decreases after a bowel movement. The patient also reported having frequent and loose stools for over 4 months. F.P reported that gas and bloating have remained the most frustrating symptoms in the last four months. He also reported that the pain sometimes persists after taking solid foods. The patient also reported having had less refreshing night sleep in the last three weeks and being fatigued during the day. Seeking Health Care Essay

 

Allergies

F.P expressed intolerance of certain foods such as dairy. He is allergic to peanuts. He indicates to develop itch on the skin and throat when he consumes peanut products.

Current perception of Health

F.P explained that he has had good health in the last couple of years, but the current condition has provoked a lot of panic and discomfort.

Past Medical History

An examination of the past medical history of F.P indicates that he has not been diagnosed with major or chronic illness in the past. F.P indicates that he lost both of his maternal grandparents close to three years ago. This traumatic event drove him into a depression. He reached out for medical attention and was seen with a therapist for about three months. He states he is better now and is no longer depressed. The patient has not been hospitalized for any serious condition in the past. Also, the patient has not had any major surgery in the past. Seeking Health Care Essay

 

Medications

F.P reported that he takes charco caps and Pepto-Bismol to reduce the gas and bloating. He is still taking the medication when his condition becomes severe. He also mentioned he use to take Sertraline after his grandparent’s past for depression, but he is no longer taking it because he does not feel depressed.

 

Family History

F.P reported that his father and brother have been treated with the same condition in the past. His mother also suffers from hypertension. His paternal grandfather had a history of colon cancer. Paternal grandmother is healthy. Maternal grandparents were healthy but passed away in a car accident.

Social history

F.P states he frequently eats out and not at home. He has been working as a mechanic now for 2 years. However, his previous job was as a server in a restaurant. F.P is currently married and lives at home with his wife and two children. He states he smokes tobacco but he’s just a social smoker. F.P states he does drink alcohol usually only on the weekends. His sexual orientation is heterosexual, and he uses condoms. He is currently sexually active with his wife at least two to three times a week.

Screening test

Various testing was required for F.P The screening test included CT scan, colonoscopy, and a flexible sigmoidoscopy. Additional tests included upper endoscopy and lactose intolerance test.

 

Immunization HX

F.Preceived all the immunization as a child with the most recent being Tetanus vaccination, which took place two months ago and also received an Influenza vaccine which took place a week ago.

 

Review of Systems

General: Denies weight loss. Denies loss of appetite. Denies fever. Denies weakness. Denies night sweats. Denies anorexia. Denies malaise.

HEENT: Denies headaches. Denies head injuries. Denies glasses. Denies change in vision. Denies flashing lights. Denies glaucoma. Denies cataracts. Denies changes in hearing. Denies ear pain. Denies discharge. Denies ringing. Denies dizziness. Denies nose bleeds. Denies nasal stuffiness. Denies post-nasal drip. Denies history of nasal polyps. Denies frequent colds.  Denies swelling of lips and tongue.  Denies bleeding gums. Denies hoarseness. Denies bleeding gums. Denies pyorrhea. Denies caries. Denies dentures. Denies extractions. Denies sore throat. Denies strep throat. Denies rheumatic fever.

Neck: Denies lumps. Denies swollen glands. Denies goiter. Denies stiffness. Denies pain.

Lymphatics: Denies swollen lymph nodes on neck. Denies swollen lymph nosed on axillae. Denies swollen lymph nodes on epitrochlear areas. Denies swollen lymph nodes in inguinal area

Breast: Denies lumps. Denies pain. Denies nipple discharge. Denies enlargement.

Lungs: Denies Shortness of breath. Denies chest tightness. Denies cough. Denies wheezing. Denies congestion. Denies bronchitis. Denies emphysema. Denies trouble breathing. Denies hemoptysis. Denies pleuritic chest pain. Denies blue discoloration on lips or nailbeds. Denies history of TB. Denies recurrent pneumonia. Denies history of environmental exposure.

Cardiovascular: Denies palpitations. Denies chest pain. Denies hypertension. Denies blue fingers/toes. Denies skipping heat beats. Denies Gx of murmur. Denies Hx of heart medication. Denies dyspnea. Denies PND. Denies orthopnea. Denies edema. Denies known heart disease. Denies history of rheumatic fever. Denies syncope or near syncope. Denies pain in posterior calves. Denies varicosities. Denies thrombophlebitis. Denies abnormal electrocardiogram.

GI: Denies blood in stool. Admits diarrhea. Denies vomiting. Denies vomiting blood. Denies constipation. Denies nausea. Admits abdominal pain. Admits changes in bowel habits. Admits excessive flatus. Denies rectal hemorrhoids. Denies passing black tarry stools. Denies pain when swallowing. Denies heart burn. Denies change in appetite. Admits sensation of filing up earlier than usual. Denies jaundice. Denies liver or bladder problems. Denies hepatitis.

Male/female genital: Denies changes. Denies lesions. Denies Hx of STD. Denies testicular pain. Denies testicular swelling. Denies scrotal mass. Denies infertility. Denies impotence. Denies changes in libido. Denies sexual difficulties. Denies hernias.

GU: Denies any discharge. Denies difficulty urinating. Denies pain or burning. Denies urgent need to urinate. Denies incontinence. Denies dribbling. Denies blood in urine. Denies UTI. Denies kidney stones. Denies prostate infection. Denies CVA. Denies suprapubic pain. Denies polyuria. Denies stones. Denies inguinal pain. Denies incontinence.

Neuro: Denies headache. Denies seizures. Denies loss of consciousness. Denies blackout. Denies fainting. Denies paralysis. Denies weakness. Denies loss of muscle size. Denies muscle spasm. Denies tremors. Denies involuntary movement.  Denies numbness. Denies feeling pins or needles. Denies local weakness. Denies tingling. Denies memory changes. Denies vertigo or dizziness. Denies muscle atrophy.

Musculoskeletal: Denies joint stiffness. Denies leg cramps. Denies joint pain. Denies back pain. Denies neck pain. Denies muscle aches. Denies varicose veins. Denies clot in vein. Denies arthritis. Denies gout. Denies joint swelling or tenderness or effusion. Denies limitation of motions. Denies history of fractures.

Activity & Exercise: Admits 20 minutes of exercise daily.

Psychosocial:  Denies depression. Denies high stress. Denies mood swings. Denies suicidal ideation. Denies obsessive- compulsive tendencies. Denies anxiety. Denies nightmares. Denies nervousness. Denies irritability. Denies insomnia. Denies hypersomnia, phobias, or tension.

Derm: Denies lesions. Denies moles. Denies rash. Denies itching. Denies dry and sensitive skin. Denies hives. Denies hair loss. Denies lumps. Denies jaundice. Denies changes in hair or nails.

Endocrine: Denies thyroid trouble. Denies heat or cold intolerance. Denies excessive sweating or flushing. Denies diabetes. Denies excessive thirst or hunger or urination.

Hematologic: Denies anemia. Denies easy bruising or bleeding. Denies pas transfusion and reactions.

Nutrition: Denies loss of appetite.

Sleep/Rest: Admits difficulty sleeping due to pain.

 

Physical Exam

Height: 160 cm. Weight: 82.6 kg. BMI: 32.3% BP: 130/86. (Right are sitting) HR 84. (Regular HR) RR 16. O2: 98% Temp: 98.3degrees Fahrenheit (Taken Orally). Blood glucose, 135.

 

General: Alert, oriented x4. Weakness, fatigue, stomach pains.

HEENT: Head is normocephalic and hair is normal distributed. Symmetrical no signs of abnormalities. No lesion or tenderness presented. The eardrum is translucent, the auditory carnal looks normal, the external ear is tender and has no lesions. Patients hearing is normal ears are symmetrical and no signs of discharge or infection. Patients nose is midline and nasal patency present. Patients’ uvula is midline and gag reflex present the mucosa has no sign of swelling, infection, or bleeding. The tongue has no lesion, and the teeth are present and in the proper dentition no signs of sores or lesions.

Neck: Symmetrical no tenderness or masses palpable. Trachea is midline. Full ROM. No signs of swelling. No JVD distention and no bruits.

Pulmonary: Breath sounds clear to auscultation. Chest wall symmetrical bilaterally. No signs of lesions, scares from surgeries. Palpation normal. Tactile fremitus equal bilaterally.

Cardiovascular: Auscultation is normal, Normal S1 and S2. No murmurs presented. Capillary refill less than 3, pulses are equally 2+ bilateral with no bruits. No signs of edema. Visible PMI. No thrills presented.

Breast: (Male Patient) No masses or tenderness. No discharge.

GI: Abdominal pain in the lower abdomen, gas, and bloating. No scares or lesions on the abdomen. No sign of bruits. Hyperactive bowel sounds.

Male/female genital: Normal genitalia for age.

GU: No penal lesions or discharge. Normal distribution of hair. Normal scrotum. Patient is circumcised. No masses or tenderness on testes. No signs of epididymitis.

Neuro: Alert, oriented x4. Speech is clear, appropriate, and coherent. Sensation intact to touch.

Musculoskeletal (upper and lower): Normal gait. Full ROM in upper and lower extremities. Muscle strength is normal. No signs of swelling or edema. No signs of varicose vein present. Pulses full and equal. No CVA tenderness. Normal posture.

Derm: No lesions, scares. Normal skin temperature throughout body. No redness or swelling observed. Skin is normal with standard hair distribution and temperature. No pallor edema. No cyanosis.

Nutrition: Imbalanced nutrient level with deficiency of vitamins and low fiber intake in the body.
Patient states he does not drink a lot of fluid.

Psychological: Appropriate mood and affect.

Activity & Exercise: at least 20 minutes of exercise daily

 

 

 

Labs

Hemoglobin 12.9 g/L
Mean cell volume 85 fl
Platelets 350 x 10/L
White cell count 6 K/uL
Neutrophills 7.5 x 10/L
Alkaline phosphate 50 u/L
Alanine aminotransferase 54 IU/L
Bilirubin 4.5 umol/L
Albumin 4.5 g/L
C-reactive protein 9 mg/L
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate 20 mm/hr
Sodium 138 mmol/L
Potassium 4.9 mmol/L
Vitamin B-12 180 ng/mL.
Urea 8.2 mmol/L
Creatinine 0.90 ummol/L
Stool Culture Parasite negative
Urine Sample Protein trace

 

 

Significant data contributing

Upper endoscopy results indicate an overgrowth of bacteria. The patient also reported experiencing recurrent abdominal pain (RAP), a common symptom of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Genetic factors might also have contributed to the condition because of the reported family history. Flexible sigmoidoscopy indicated colonic motility disturbances. The results also indicated increased sensitivity to food, gas, and stool in the bowel. Abdominal pain also seems to ease after passing the bowel.

Differential Diagnoses

1.Crohn’s disease

  1. 2. Helicobacter Pylori

Principal Diagnoses

  1. MildIrritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).

 

Plan

Diagnosis: IBS

Diagnostic Testing: IBS/Colonoscopy

Pharmacological Treatment:Eluxadoline (Viberzi) of 100g (tablet) taken twice a day after meals.Rifaximin (Xifaxan) of 550mg (tablet) take three times daily for two weeks.

Education: Taking small balanced diets with plenty of fiber and vitamins. Increase of fluid intake. Taking part in swimming, yoga, light cycling, and walking or any exercise patient prefers. Other lifestyle changes include avoiding junk food and intake of heavy meals beforebed. Only taking medications prescribed by the physician.

Referrals: If symptoms persist, the patient will be referred to a GI specialist.

Follow-up: 14 days after completion of medication,follow up will be done in clinic.

Anticipatory Guidance: Ensuring that the recommended feeding and medication guidelines are followed. Reporting any adverse effects to the physician immediately.

Signature (with appropriate credentials):  MSN, APRN, FNP-Student

 

Cite current evidenced based guideline(s) used to guide care (Mandatory)

The practitioner must follow the recommended standard guidelines for treating IBS. The medication varies from one patient to another based on the level of severity (Basnayake, 2018). The doctor will first treat diarrhea with medication, dietary changes, and behavior change modifications. Eluxadoline and Rifaximin are recommended for treating diarrhea (Lembo, Pimentel, Rao, Schoenfeld, Cash, Weinstock… & Forbes, 2016). Antidepressants and antispasmodics can be used to treat pain in the abdomen. Behavior therapy helps to relieve anxiety and stress which more often complicate the condition (Oświęcimska, Szymlak, Roczniak, Girczys-Połedniok & Kwiecień, 2017). The therapy also includes choosing better dietary choices such as healthy fats found in nuts and salmon, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables (Defrees & Bailey, 2017). Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is effective in improving IBS symptoms by changing behavior patterns and thoughts. The therapy can be used to help the patient quit smoking completely to reduce the risk and optimize recovery.  Alternative treatment remedies include massage, hypnotherapy, and meditation. Gut-focused hypnotherapy is one of the most effective strategies for improving IBS symptoms (Simon, Engström, Icenhour, Lowén, Ström, Tillisch… & Walter, 2019). A massage helps the patient to relax while hypnotherapy and meditation help the patient to relax tight stomach muscles.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DEA#:  101010101                          STU Clinic                                   LIC# 10000000

Tel: (000) 555-1234                                                                             FAX: (000) 555-12222

Patient Name: M.J

Age: 55 years

Date: September 2, 2020

Dispense:  Eluxadoline (Viberzi) 100g twice a day after meals.

No SubstitutionRefill:0

Signature: MSN, APRN, FNP-Student

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DEA#:  101010101                          STU Clinic                                   LIC# 10000000

Tel: (000) 555-1234                                                                             FAX: (000) 555-12222

Patient Name: M.J

Age: 55 years

Date: September 2, 2020

Dispense: Rifaximin (Xifaxan) of 550mg three times a dayfor two weeks.

No SubstitutionRefill:0

Signature: MSN, APRN, FNP-Student

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References

Bischoff, S. C., Escher, J., Hébuterne, X., Kłęk, S., Krznaric, Z., Schneider, S. Forbes, A. (2020). ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical Nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease. Clinical Nutrition,39(3), 632-653. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.11.002

Klag, T., Stange, E. F., & Wehkamp, J. (2015). Management of Crohn’s disease – are guidelines transferred to clinical practice? United European Gastroenterology Journal,3(4), 371-380. doi:10.1177/2050640615580228

Matsuoka, K., Kobayashi, T., Ueno, F., Matsui, T., Hirai, F., Inoue, N., Shimosegawa, T. (2018). Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Gastroenterology,53(3), 305-353. doi:10.1007/s00535-018-1439-1

Ueno, F., Matsui, T., Matsumoto, T., Matsuoka, K., Watanabe, M., & Hibi, T. (2015). Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for Crohn’s disease, integrated with the formal consensus of experts in Japan. Journal of Gastroenterology,48(1), 31-72. doi:10.1007/s00535-012-0673-1

 

 

 

 

Nursing homework help

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Nursing homework help

Discussion 2: Your Leadership Profile Nursing homework help

Do you believe you have the traits to be an effective leader? Perhaps you are already in a supervisory role, but as has been discussed previously, appointment does not guarantee leadership skills. Nursing homework help

How can you evaluate your own leadership skills and behaviors? You can start by analyzing your performance in specific areas of leadership. In this Discussion, you will complete Gallup’s StrengthsFinder assessment. This assessment will identify your personal strengths, which have been shown to improve motivation, engagement, and academic self-conference. Through this assessment, you will discover your top five themes—which you can reflect upon and use to leverage your talents for optimal success and examine how the results relate to your leadership traits. Nursing homework help

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To Prepare:

Complete the StrengthsFinder assessment instrument, per the instructions found in this Module’s Learning Resources. (Repost is attached for you to use for this assignment)

  • Once you have completed your assessment, you will receive your “Top 5 Signature Themes of Talent” on your screen. (Repost is attached for you to use for this assignment)
  • Click the Download button below Signature Theme Report, and then print and save the report. We also encourage you to select the Apply tab to review action items. (Repost is attached for you to use for this assignment)

NOTE: Please keep your report. You will need your results for future courses. Technical Issues with Gallup:

If you have technical issues after registering, please contact the Gallup Education Support group by phone at +1.866-346-4408. Support is available 24 hours/day from 6:00 p.m. Sunday U.S. Central Time through 5:00 p.m. Friday U.S. Central Time.

  • Reflect on the results of your Assessment, and consider how the results relate to your leadership traits.
  • Download your Signature Theme Report to submit for this Discussion.

By Day 3 of Week 5

Post a brief description of your results from the StrengthsFinder assessment. Then, briefly describe two core values, two strengths, and two characteristics that you would like to strengthen based on the results of your StrengthsFinder assessment. Be specific. Note: Be sure to attach your Signature Theme Report to your Discussion post.