Design for Change Proposal Guidelines, health and medicine

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Question Description

Purpose

You are to create a Design for Change proposal inclusive of your PICO and evidence appraisal information from your Capstone Project Milestone #1. Your plan is to convince your management team of a nursing problem you have uncovered and you feel is significant enough to change the way something is currently practiced. In the event you are not currently working as a nurse, please use a hypothetical clinical situation you experienced in nursing school, or nursing education issue you identified in your nursing program. 

Directions

1.  Create a proposal for your Design for Change Capstone Project. Open the template in Doc Sharing. You will include the information from Milestone #1, your PICO question, and evidence appraisal, as you compose this proposal. Your plan is to convince your management team of a nursing problem you have uncovered and you feel is significant enough to change the way something is currently practiced.

2.  The format for this proposal will be a paper following the Publication manual of APA 6th edition.

3.  The paper is to be four- to six-pages excluding the Title page and Reference page.

4.  As you organize your information and evidence, include the following topics.

a.  Introduction:Write an introduction but do not use “Introduction” as a heading in accordance with the rules put forth in the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (2010, p. 63). Introduce the reader to the plan with evidence-based problem identification and solution.

b.  Change Plan: Write an overview using the Johns Hopkins Nursing EBP Model and Guidelines (2012)

  i.  Practice Question

  ii.  Evidence

  iii.  Translation

c.  Summary

5.  Citations and References must be included to support the information within each topic area. Refer to the APA manual, Chapter 7, for examples of proper reference format. In-text citations are to be noted for all information contained in your paper that is not your original idea or thought. Ask yourself, “How do I know this?” and then cite the source. Scholarly sources are expected, which means using peer-reviewed journals and credible websites.

6.  Tables and Figures may be added as appropriate to the project. They should be embedded within the body of the paper (see your APA manual for how to format and cite). Creating tables and figures offers visual aids to the reader and enhances understanding of your literature review and design for change.

create a PowerPoint presentation of 10-15 slides in which you compare the pros and cons of continuing nursing education related to the following:

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Details:This is a Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment.In your CLC group, create a PowerPoint presentation of 10-15 slides in which you compare the pros and cons of continuing nursing education related to the following:Impact on competency.Impact on knowledge and attitudes.Relationship to professional certification.Relationship to ANA Scope and Standards of Practice.Relationship to ANA Code of Ethics.Take a position with your CLC group: Should continuing nursing education be mandatory for all nurses? Support your position with rationale.A minimum of three scholarly sources are required for this assignment.While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin.

Write a 3- to 5-page paper (page count does not include title and reference page) that addresses the following:Marquis B. L. & Huston C. J. (2015).Leadership roles and management functions in nursing:

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As noted in the Learning Resources systems theory provides a meaningful and beneficial means of examining challenges in health care organizations. To do this effectively however it is essential to assessallsystem components as some may be relatively healthy while others are problematic.For this Assignment you apply systems theory to the examination of a problem in a department or a unit within a health care organization. (Note:You may use the same problem you identified for the Discussion as long as it meets the criteria for this assignment.)To prepare:Write a 3- to 5-page paper (page count does not include title and reference page) that addresses the following:Marquis B. L. & Huston C. J. (2015).Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application(8th ed.). Philadelphia PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Johnson J. K. Miller S. H. & Horowitz S. D. (2008). Systems-based practice: Improving the safety and quality of patient care by recognizing and improving the systems in which we work. Retrieved from http://www.ahrq.gov/downloads/pub/advances2/vol2/Advances-Johnson_90.pdfThis article addresses the importance of systems-based practice (SBP) in health care workplaces. The authors state that SBP knowledge is one of six core competencies that physicians have to know in order to provide safe and proper care for their patients.Manley K. OKeefe H. Jackson C. Pearce J. & Smith S. (2014). A shared purpose framework to deliver person-centred safe and effective care: Organisational transformation using practice development methodology.FoNS 2014 International Practice Development Journal 4-(1).Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.Meyer R. M. & OBrien-Pallas L. L. (2010). Nursing services delivery theory: An open system approach.Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(12) 28282838.Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.In this article the authors examine the effects of nursing services delivery theory in large-scale organizations. Among other benefits this theory supports multilevel phenomena and cross-level studies and it can guide future research and the management of nursing services.

Describe two types of mental health providers and the role that they play in the mental health sector.

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Identify the event in the history of medicine and health care delivery that you see as the most… 

  • Identify the event in the history of medicine and health care delivery that you see as the most significant.Explain why you feel it is significant and what impact is has on health care today
  • Identify and explain two commonly attributed reasons for the unremitting rises we are experiencing with regards to health care costs.
  • Differentiate between the two methods for physician reimbursement: capitation and fee for service
  • Choose on health care profession that you learned about this quarter and briefly describe the profession.(Cancer Registrars)
  • Explain the intent of the Flexner Report.Identify the reports result on medical education.
  • Discuss the importance of ambulatory care services as a part of the U.S. health care system today.
  • Explainthe role of the Board of Trustees and CEO/President in the hospital organization.
  • What is a long-term care and how is it different from other types of health services?Describe one type of long-term care facility. (Nursing Home)
  • Describe two types of mental health providers and the role that they play in the mental health sector.
  • Discuss three benefits of Electronic Health Record and how this has transformed health information technology.

Briefly explain how the following legal and ethical considerations relevant to the nursing.

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Briefly explain how the following legal and ethical considerations relevant to the nursing… 

1. Briefly explain how the following legal and ethical considerations relevant to the nursing profession are applied in nursing practice in your State/Territory.
a) Children in the workplace (in 60-90 words):
b) Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia) (in 50-80 words):
c) Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia) (In 50-80 words):
d) Codes of practice (in 40-70 words):
e) Continuing professional education opportunities and mandatory CPD requirements for nurses (in 80 – 100 words):
f) Direct and indirect discrimination and its implications (in 150-180 words)
g) Duty of care of an enrolled nurse (in 100-130 words):
h) Equal employment opportunity (EEO) (in 60-90 words):
i) Human rights including access to healthcare (in 50-80 words):
j) Informed consent (in 80-110 words):
k) Professional indemnity insurance arrangements for enrolled nurses 60-90 words
l) Public liability insurance arrangements for enrolled nurses (in 25 – 50 words):
m) Life and death issues:
• Power of attorney (in 50-80 words):
• Living wills and advanced directives (advanced care plan) (in 60-90 words):
• Guardianship (guardian of property and person) (in 50-80 words):
n) Mandatory reporting (provide examples from a nursing context) (in 70-100 words):
o) Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia nursing practice guidelines, standards and fact sheets:
• Enrolled nurse competency standards for practice (in 60-90 words):
• Professional boundaries (in 60-90 words):
• Professional practice guidelines (in 50-80 words):
• Decision-making framework (DMF) including the nursing flowchart (in 100-130 words):
• Re-entry to practice (in 100-130 words):
• Registration guidelines (in 40-70 words):
• Recency of practice fact sheet (in 60-90 words):
p) Privacy and confidentiality (in 70-100 words):
q) Disclosure of health information (in 30-60 words):
r) Policy frameworks for nursing practice, e.g. Australian Safety and Quality Framework for Health Care (in 80-110 words):
s) Social media policy (Include in your response the potential implications this has on ethics, professionalism and nursing in the health care environment) (in 160-200 words):
t) Ethical decision making models (identify and discuss two (2) models) (in 80-110 words):
u) Contemporary ethical concepts and principles in nursing such as:
• Autonomy:
• Beneficence:
• Non-maleficence:
• Justice:
• Rights:
• Veracity:
2. Describe how the following pieces of legislation and regulation impact your nursing practice:
a) Privacy Act 1988 (Commonwealth) (in 60-90 words):
b) My Health Records Act 2012 (Commonwealth) (in 70-100 words):
c) Aged Care Act 1997 (Commonwealth) (in 50-80 words):
d) Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (Commonwealth) (in 60-90 words): S
e) Criminal Code Act 1995 (Commonwealth) (in 80-110 words): Satisfactory Not Yet Satisfactory f) Work Health and Safety Regulations 2011 (Commonwealth) (in 70-100 words)
3. Various pieces of legislation are enacted in each State/Territory underpinning nursing practice. Identify the legislation relevant to your State/Territory relating to the following and describe how these pieces of legislation impact your nursing practice:
a) Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act:
b) Health (drugs and poisons) legislation:
c) Mental health legislation:
d) Carers recognition legislation or official policies:
e) Anti-discrimination legislation:
f) Children and young people legislation:
g) Working with children legislation:
h) Workplace health and safety (WHS) legislation:
4. The National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) Standards are being applied across a wide variety of health care services in all States/Territories in Australia. Describe the application of these standards (in 100-140 words).
5. Different ethical theories exist and theories can be applied to different situations to inform our thinking and support decision making. Describe the following theoretical concepts related to ethical conduct (in 25-40 words each):
a) Consequentialism:
b) Deontological (duty-based) ethics:
6 Various clinical situations will leave you in an ethical dilemma. Discuss the ethical issues you might come across in relation to the following situations (in 50-90 words each):
a) Abortion:
b) Tissue transplantation and organ donation:
c) Reproductive technology
d) Euthanasia and assisted suicide:
e) Restraint:
f) Open disclosure:
g) Mandatory reporting:
h) Quality of life:
i) Conscientious objection:
j) Abuse, e.g. elder abuse:
k) Consent:
l) Artificially prolonging life:
m) Refusal and withdrawal of treatment:
n) Stem cell research, e.g. embryonic stem cell research.
7. When is it required to give evidence to the coroner and what types of evidence could you provide?
8. The owner of an aged care facility released the photos and videos of a resident who had dementia without prior consent. The resident’s family filed a petition in court against the organisation asking for compensation. In accordance with the Privacy Act 1988, what is the civil penalty the organisation might need to give the plaintiff, if they win? (in 30-40 words).
Textbook reference:
? Raghunathan, K. (2016). Chapter 2 Professional nursing practice – legal and ethical frameworks. In Koutoukidis, G, Stainton, K & Hughson, J. (2016). Tabbner’s nursing care. (7th ed.). Chatswood, NSW: Churchill Livingstone. Pp: 26 – 48.

Identify two areas of nursing practice,

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Week 1 discussion DQ1 Identify two areas of nursing practice, which evidence-based practice has… 

Week 1 discussion

DQ1

Identify two areas of nursing practice, which evidence-based practice has improved patient outcomes. State the study and its impact on patient care. How have these findings changed your nursing practice? Please support your response with a minimum of two supporting peer reviewed articles.

DQ2

Nursing research is used to study a dilemma or a problem in nursing. Examine a problem you have seen in nursing. Why should it be studied? Justify your rationale.

Week 2 discussion

DQ1
Qualitative data has been described as voluminous and sometimes overwhelming to the researcher. In what ways could a researcher manage and organize the data?

DQ2

The three types of qualitative research are phenomenological, grounded theory, and ethnographic research. What are the differences and similarities between two of the three types of studies?

Week 3 discussion

DQ1

Provide examples of experimental and nonexperimental research design. Contrast the levels of control applied to each.

DQ2

What is sampling theory? Describe it and provide examples to illustrate your definition. Discuss generalizability as it applies to nursing research.

Week 4 discussion

DQ1

Extraneous variables may have an influence on the dependent variable. In what ways do researchers attempt to control extraneous variables? Support your answer with current literature.

DQ2

Describe the levels of evidence and provide an example of the type of practice change that could result from each.

Week 5 discussion

DQ1

The theoretical foundations of qualitative and quantitative methods are very different, but many researchers believe both methods should be used in the research study to increase validity and reliability. What advantages or disadvantages do you see in using both types of methods in a nursing study? Support your answer with current evidence-based literature.

DQ2

According to the textbook, nurses in various settings are adopting a research-based (or evidence-based) practice that incorporates research findings into their decisions and interaction with clients. How do you see this being applied in your workplace?

Identify the approach that best fits your personal and professional philosophy of nursing and explain why the approach is suited to your personal leadership style

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In this assignment, you will be writing a 1,000-1,250-word essay describing the differing.. 

Details:  In this assignment, you will be writing a 1,000-1,250-word essay describing the differing approaches of nursing leaders and managers to issues in practice. To complete this assignment, do the following: 1.Select an issue from the following list: nursing shortage and nurse turn-over, nurse staffing ratios, unit closures and restructuring, use of contract employees (i.e., registry and travel nurses), continuous quality improvement and patient satisfaction, and magnet designation. 2.Compare and contrast how you would expect nursing leaders and managers to approach your selected issue. Support your rationale by using the theories, principles, skills, and roles of the leader versus manager described in your readings. 3.Identify the approach that best fits your personal and professional philosophy of nursing and explain why the approach is suited to your personal leadership style. 4.Identify a possible funding source that addresses your issue. Consider looking at federal, state, and local organizations. For example: There are many grants available through the CDC, HRSA, etc. 5.Use at least two references other than your text and those provided in the course.  Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.  This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.  You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

***Compare and contrast how you would expect nursing leaders and managers to approach your selected issue. Support your rationale by using the theories, principles, skills, and roles of the leader versus manager described in your readings.***

***Identify the approach that best fits your personal and professional philosophy of nursing and explain why the approach is suited to your personal leadership style

Describe the phases of the Nurse-Patient relationship as defined by Peplau. Align your presentation regarding the use of Peplau’s theory with a current practice example.

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Discussion Question: Henderson believed nurses have the responsibility to assess the needs 

Part one: 
Discussion Question:
Henderson believed nurses have the responsibility to assess the needs of the individual patient, help individuals meet their health needs, and provide an environment in which the individual can perform activities unaided. What is an opportunity in your nursing practice that would benefit from application of Henderson’s theory? How does this align with the ANA’s definition of nursing? Provide at least one evidenced-based research article to support this recommendation.
Your initial posting should be at least 400 words in length and utilize at least one scholarly source other than the textbook. Please reply to at least two classmates. Replies to classmates should be at least 200 words in length. 

Part two: 
Assignment:
This week you will create a two-part Power Point to discuss the following:
Part one:
Peplau was the first nursing theorist to identify the nurse–patient relationship as being central to all nursing care. Peplau valued knowledge, believing that the nurse must possess extensive knowledge about the potential problems that emerge during a nurse–patient interaction. Peplau’s theoretical work on the nurse–patient relationship continues to be essential to nursing practice.

Describe the phases of the Nurse-Patient relationship as defined by Peplau. Align your presentation regarding the use of Peplau’s theory with a current practice example. 

Part two:
Provide a discussion of Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory. Identify and explain the three related parts? Identify a current nursing practice example where Orem’s theory would be relevant. Use at least one evidenced-based research article to support your practice example. The PowerPoint should include at least 3 outside references and the textbook. It should include title and reference slides and be 14-20 slides.

Neurobiological Basis for PTSD Illness

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Neurobiological Basis for PTSD Illness

Succinctly, in 1–2 pages, address the following:

  • Briefly explain the neurobiological basis for PTSD illness.
  • Discuss the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for PTSD and relate these criteria to the symptomology presented in the case study. Does the video case presentation provide sufficient information to derive a PTSD diagnosis? Justify your reasoning. Do you agree with the other diagnoses in the case presentation? Why or why not?
  • Discuss one other psychotherapy treatment option for the client in this case study. Explain whether your treatment option is considered a “gold standard treatment” from a clinical practice guideline perspective, and why using gold standard, evidence-based treatments from clinical practice guidelines is important for psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners. Neurobiological Basis for PTSD Illness

Support your Assignment with specific examples from this week’s media and at least three peer-reviewed, evidence-based sources. Explain why each of your supporting sources is considered scholarly. Attach the PDFs of your sources.

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POST TRAMATIC STRESS DISORDER 3
definitively, advances in pharmacology and other alternative treatment options such as therapy
dogs have also shown potential to reduce or possibly prevent PTSD completely.
Stigma and Early Treatment
PTSD is a relative new diagnosis. Medical professionals in the early to mid 1900s were
uncertain as to which new treatment would do better. A majority of mental health providers at
that time were not military members, but rather civilian psychiatrists. (Jones 2005) noted that
these civilian doctors faced moral and ethical dilemmas when treating military patients because
finding the military member fit for duty, would most likely be signing their death certificate.
Advancements in the mental health field, as well as more detailed data analysis have helped
mental health providers better recognize and treat combat-related PTSD. As long as there is
trauma and traumatic events, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may exist. The name has
changed throughout time, from “shellshock” to PSTD as well as ways of treating the disorder.
Regardless of the name or treatment, the effect it has on people has remained constant. The
actual number of people who suffer from this disorder is most certainly higher than any numbers
reported this is due to many people being either scared or ashamed to admit they have a problem.
Advancements in treatments, have provided victims of this disorder hope of a brighter future. To
fully understand the benefits and direction of treatments, we first look at the history of the
disorder, and understand of how we got to where we are today with treatment. As of December
2012, over 131,000 active duty service members are diagnosed with PTSD. Additionally, nearly
30% of Veterans receiving care at VA medical cent
POST TRAMATIC STRESS DISORDER 4
broken down for military members by the conflict in which they served. Between 11 and 20% of
Veterans who served in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom have PTSD.
Veterans who served in the Gulf War were affected at nearly 12%, while 15% of Vietnam
Veterans are affected annually, even now, more than 40 years later (U.S. Department of Veterans
Affairs, n.d.). Studies of combat-related PTSD have increased substantially within the last two
decades, creating more reliable data for determining risk factors, comorbidity rates, and possible
prevention of the disorder in the future. These are the people that are included in studies and
trying to find treatments that are able to assist them to live a more comfortable life when
returning from combat with the sights that have reoccurring visions within themselves.
We need to study whether it is traditional or nontraditional treatments that work best for
the veteran, also whether it be on an individual, one on one basis, or in support groups or if it just
needs to be a pharmacology. Currently, the de facto VA approved PTSD therapy consists of
Prolonged Exposure (PE), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), or a combination of the two
(Kip et al., 2013). While better than previous treatment methods, these two are not without
significant disadvantages. Both are lengthy, expensive and have variable rates of completion.
As well as the possibility of the patient to backslide while in the program making the treatment
continue to be long. Neurobiological Basis for PTSD Illness
Accelerated Resolution Therapy
In a limited sample size, Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART) has proven to produce
more positive results and a much higher completion rate among patients (Kip et al., 2013). This
PE is more advanced for of CPT combined with PE. consists of 10 sessions of 90 minutes each,
and homework assignments. The drop out rate for PE is nearly 50%, with nonresponse rates as
high as 67%. CPT is even longer, consisting of 12 sessions of 60-90 minutes. The drop out and
POST TRAMATIC STRESS DISORDER 5
nonresponse rates for CPT is much lower compared to PE, but still quite high. In contrast, ART
is completed 80% faster, consisting of only 2-5 sessions over 2 weeks, and showed significantly
higher reductions of symptoms over PE or CPT.
ART combines portions of PE and CPT along with methods not covered in the other two,
in significantly less time. As stated above, where PE and CPT take anywhere from 10-12
sessions at up to 90 minuets per session and additional homework assignments, ART is
completed in 2-5 sessions over a 2 week period (Kip et al., 2013). Shorter treatment time has
shown to produce a significantly lower dropout rate than the other two as well. ART is still
relatively new, having only been used since 2008. More studies will have to be completed to
verify the early results, but if the initial trends continue, it would be wise for the VA to declare
this the new standard.
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
Aside from time, cost, and completion rates, the current methods also have shown
significant drawbacks regarding overall effectiveness as well. (Nelson 2012) believes there are a
couple main reasons for this ineffectiveness. He proposes that in many cases, service members
especially, have completely blocked out the memories of the traumatic events, rendering CPT
essentially ineffective. Another identified cause for the ineffectiveness of current methods is the
difficulty of imagining these horrific real-life events while in a quiet, calm, safe therapist’s office
environment. This is where Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) can be an effective
alternative. Neurobiological Basis for PTSD Illness
VRET creates experiences that stimulate more of the patient’s senses, allowing them to
feel like they are really there, while in reality they are still in a safe, controlled environment.
VRET allows for precise control of exposure intensity and can be gradually increased as patients
POST TRAMATIC STRESS DISORDER 6
become more comfortable (Nelson, 2012). Patients wear headsets that allow them to move
through virtual landscapes as if they were actually there. Sounds and even smells are also
tailored to provide the most realistic experience possible. As the video platform continues to
improve, these experiences will become more effective, and will continue to prove helpful for a
wider demographic of patients.
The current VRET system is being upgraded and expanded in order to provide care not
only for service members who experienced direct enemy combat, but also to medics and
corpsmen (Rizzo et al., 2014). Expanding the exposure scenarios to include this demographic of
combat medics is extremely important. Although they may not participate directly in combat,
they do see the devastation caused by war arguably more than anyone else in the unit. (Rizzo et
al. 2014) emphasizes the importance of expanding VRET treatment to medics due to the fact that
they are permanently assigned to a unit, so they have close personal relationships with those they
have to treat, as opposed to traditional civilian hospital doctors who rarely know their patients.
As with ART, this type of therapy is also relatively new, but initial reports have shown this could
also be a viable, and more effective course of treatment for service members suffering from
combat-related PTSD over standard treatment methods today.
Pharmacology
Medical cannabis is becoming a more prevalent treatment option for certain diagnosed
conditions. It is a topic of discussion that elicits passionate debate from advocates and
opposition alike. As of 2014, at least 21 states had passed laws allowing the use of medical
marijuana, although it was, and still is illegal at the federal level (Bohnert et al., 2014). In
addition, three states had included PTSD as one of the medical conditions that qualified for
medical cannabis use. It is still too early to determine if there are any long-term benefits or risks
POST TRAMATIC STRESS DISORDER 7
to this potential alternative treatment method. However, it is worth noting that nearly 25% of
first time applicants for medical cannabis had also been diagnosed with PTSD (Bohnert et al.,
2014).
An article written one year later challenged the hypothesis above that marijuana use
improved PTSD symptoms. (Wilkinson 2015) stated that nearly 13,000 patients with diagnosed
PTSD participated in a study to determine the effects of increased marijuana use and severity of
PTSD symptoms. The study found that while patients subjectively felt marijuana use improved
symptoms, it actually made them worse in the long run. Patients were split into 4 categories
based on past, current and continued use. Those who had not used before the study but started
after showed significant increases in violent behavior (Wilkinson, 2015). The article did
however say that the use of purely cannabinoid products (the actual part of the marijuana plant
that has proven to have medicinal value) has proven to have positive results. Other studies
indicate positive results to several pharmacological treatments targeted at regulating naturally
occurring chemicals and conditions in the brain related to arousal in response to fear, anxiety,
startle response, depression, and so on. (Searcy, Bobadilla, Gordon, Jacques, & Elliot, 2012 )
suggest that these medicines could have extremely positive, and cost effective, results as
secondary preventive measures for PTSD. Primary preventive measures should continue to
focus on psychosocial interventions conducted immediately upon returning from deployments
Conclusion
As more veterans are seeking out the non-traditional approach of treating PTSD, it would
be beneficial to create a treatment approach that incorporates both the traditional evidence-based
treatment approach and the complementary and alternative approach. An Army Base in El Paso
Texas used to have such a program that was offered through the Warrior Resilience Center where
POST TRAMATIC STRESS DISORDER 8 Neurobiological Basis for PTSD Illness
service members with combat related PTSD attended a four-week intensive treatment program
that incorporated both the evidence-based as well as the alternative approach. By incorporating
both treatment approaches, veterans are able to learn to cope with the disorder, relearn to feel
safe in their environment, as well as learn different tools to help them when they feel anxious or
are in a stressful situation. Using a rather holistic approach would be more beneficial to veterans
than using only one or the other.
Overall, these studies have shown the efforts to help veterans who have been suffering
from PTSD to find relief of their debilitating conditions. None of these approaches are either
good nor bad, they all work in their own way but the most important piece is that the veterans
who receive the treatment must be willing to get better. No treatment method will bring results if
the veteran who received the treatment does not believe in the treatment, doesn’t think it’s
working for them, or are not willing to do the work necessary to get better. The licensed
professionals can only do so much to help the veterans but the real work has to be done by the
veteran themselves. Many studies have been documented over the years regarding PTSD
treatment, but there has been little to no research regarding prevention. PTSD diagnoses in the
military are nearly 4 times higher than in the civilian population with hundreds of thousands of
people affected (Searcy, Bobadilla, Gordon, Jacques, & Elliot, 2012). Post trauma treatment is
crucial, and new techniques should continue to be developed, but if there is a way to prevent the
disorder ahead of time, that should be the primary focus.
Results from the causality category of hypothesis were that even if the relationship did
exist, it would be impossible to determine the direction of causality (Stander et al., 2014).
POST TRAMATIC STRESS DISORDER 9
Results from the common factors hypothesis category determined that there are common risks
and vulnerabilities, but (Stander et al. 2014) could not conclusively prove a relationship between
risk factors, in particular combat exposure, or vulnerabilities of PTSD and depression.
The most definitive findings were from the confounding factors hypothesis category. These
results most accurately determined that it is unlikely these two disorders are completely
coincidental. However, factors such as medical provider bias, patient expectations, self-reporting
subjectivity, and indistinct diagnostic criteria create artificial associations between the two
(Stander et al., 2014).
POST TRAMATIC STRESS DISORDER 10
References
Bohnert, K. M., Perron, B. E., Ashrafioun, L., Kleinberg, F., Jannausch, M., & Ilgen, M. A.
(2014). Positive posttraumatic stress disorder screens among first-time medical cannabis
patients: Prevalence and association with other substance use. Addictive Behaviors,
39(10), 1414-1417. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.05.022
Chard, K. M., Ricksecker, E. G., Healy, E. T., Karlin, B. E., & Resick, P. A. (2012).
Dissemination and experience with cognitive exposure therapy. Journal of Rehabilitation
Research & Development, 49(5), 667.
http://dx.doi.org/http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1682/JRRD.2011.10.0198
Foa, E. B. (2011, 1 December). Prolonged exposure therapy: past, present and future. Depression
and Anxiety, 28(), 1043-1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.20907
Jones, E., & Simon, W. (2005). Shell shock to PTSD: Military psychiatry from 1900 to the Gulf
War. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy.liberty.edu
Kip, K. E., Rosenzweig, L., Hernandez, D. F., Shuman, A., Sullivan, K. L., Long, C. J., … &
Diamond, D. M. (2013). Randomized controlled trial of accelerated resolution therapy
(ART) for symptoms of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Military
Medicine, 178(12), 1298-1309. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.liberty.edu/login?
url=http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/docview/1495446036?
accountid=12085
Nelson, R. J. (2012). Is virtual reality exposure therapy effective for service members and
veterans experiencing combat-related PTSD? Traumatology, 19(3), 171-178. Retrieved
from http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1177/1534765612459891
POST TRAMATIC STRESS DISORDER 11
Raab, P. A., Mackintosh, M., Gros, D. F., & Morland, L. A. (2015). Impact of comorbid
depression on quality of life in male combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.
Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 52(5), 563-576. Retrieved from
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Rizzo, A., Hartholt, A., Rothbaum, B., Difede, J., Reist, C., Kwok, D., … & Buckwalter, G.
(2014). Expansion of a VR exposure therapy system for combat-related PTSD to
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prevention of combat-related PTSD: A literature review. Military Medicine, 177(6), 649-
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Stander, V. A., Thomsen, C. J., & Highfill-McRoy, R. M. (2014). Etiology of depression
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you will research an advanced nursing practice role and summarize your findings in a 3 page paper (excluding the title page and references):

/in /by

Based on your selected MSN program, write your first section of your ROLE paper using the following. 

Based on your selected MSN program, write your first section of your ROLE paper using the following criteria:
For this assignment, you will research an advanced nursing practice role and summarize your findings in a 3 page paper (excluding the title page and references):

Focusing on the specialty (Family Nurse Practitioner), select an advanced nursing role to research. (It must be one offered by South University.)
Distinguish the role as clinical or non-clinical and how it promotes patient outcomes, ie safety, access to health care or health information relative to the ANP level
Apply an Advance Nursing Practice Concept to your chosen role
 Develop a minimum of ten questions that you would like to ask the advance practice clinician or non-clinician that you have chosen to interview.  Identify in the paper the individual by name, credentials, position and your planned date for the interview (Interview is due Week 3)
Support your findings with at least two research articles (study, design, sample and results must be discussed). Other peer reviewed articles that are non-research and nursing organization websites may be used. All articles must be current (not more than five years old, unless it is a hallmark reference; ieAmerican Association of College of Nursing. (2010)).
Format your paper, citations, and references using correct APA Style.