To Prepare:· Review the Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Analysis Template provided in the Resources.· Select an existing healthcare program or policy evaluation or choose one of interest to you.· Review community, state, or federal policy evaluation and reflect on the criteria used to measure the effectiveness of the program or policy described.The Assignment: (2–3 pages)Based on the program or policy evaluation you selected, complete the Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Analysis Template. Be sure to address the following:· Describe the healthcare program or policy outcomes.· How was the success of the program or policy measured?· How many people were reached by the program or policy selected?· How much of an impact was realized with the program or policy selected?· At what point in program implementation was the program or policy evaluation conducted?· What data was used to conduct the program or policy evaluation?· What specific information on unintended consequences was identified?· What stakeholders were identified in the evaluation of the program or policy? Who would benefit most from the results and reporting of the program or policy evaluation? Be specific and provide examples.· Did the program or policy meet the original intent and objectives? Why or why not?· Would you recommend implementing this program or policy in your place of work? Why or why not?· Identify at least two ways that you, as a nurse advocate, could become involved in evaluating a program or policy after 1 year of implementation.

InstructionsOutbreak InvestigationOn February 7, 2018, a nurse employed at the Flinn Corporation noticed an increase in the number of employees who were sick. She was concerned that there may be a Salmonella outbreak at the company. She has interviewed each of the employees at the corporation. She has taken samples and sent them out for testing but has not received the results. She asks you, the local epidemiologist, to investigate to see if an outbreak exists and if so what the source of the outbreak is. You follow the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s steps in outbreak investigation (https://www.cdc.gov/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson6/section1.html) and report your findings to her. Please note that we will not address all outbreak investigation steps in this assignment.Use the attached Excel worksheet to produce graphs and statistics to answer the questions below. Submit your report as a Word doc (PDF file format is not allowed for this final assignment) and include figures and tables you generate. The report should be easy to follow and interpret and should be written as an academic paper in proper APA formatting.1. Look at the Excel Spreadsheet attached. There are 3 worksheets (see tabs on bottom of page – “Nurse’s Interview”, “Epi Curve”, “Retrospective Cohort Study”). The first sheet “Nurse’s Interview” has a line list of employees who work at Flinn Corporation. This sheet represents the data the nurse has collected from those employees in an interview. Do you think that an outbreak exists? Why would you recommend to further investigate? Discuss your reasoning. (Step 2: Establish outbreak)2. Research salmonellosis using academic sources. Are the symptoms that the ill employees exhibit consistent with salmonellosis? Provide a brief summary (1-2 paragraphs) of the disease and discuss the chain of infection for this disease. Use in-text citations in proper APA format and include all sources in your reference section. (Step 3: Verify diagnosis)3. Identify the percentage of ill employees with each symptom. For example, 1 out of 12 ill employees had blood in stool (Bs) = 8.3%. (Step 4: Working case definition)4. Conduct descriptive epidemiology (Step 6). Describe the characteristics of the ill employees to determine trends and risk factors.a. Person – Calculate the percentage of ill employees that are male/female. Determine the mean age of the ill employees.b. Place – What percentage of ill employees ate at the cafeteria? What percentage of well employees ate at the cafeteria?c. Time – Using the data collected in the Nurse’s Interview, fill in the column “# of cases” in the “Epi Curve” worksheet. Use 0 if there are no cases. As you fill in the data, the graph will automatically generate. Choose an appropriate title for the graph. Copy and paste graph into your report. What type of epidemic curve is it ? (Hint: read https://www.cdc.gov/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson6/section2.html#step6)5. Based on the information you have gathered, you have developed an hypothesis that there is a food being served at the cafeteria that is causing the employees to become ill. You need to further test this hypothesis by conducting a retrospective cohort study (Step 8). Use the worksheet “Retrospective Cohort Study” to calculate attack rates and risk ratios. The first food item Baked Chicken is done for you. You can also consult https://www.cdc.gov/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson6/section2.html#step8 for help. Report the Risk ratio for each food item. Based on risk ratios, which is food is most likely to be the source of the illness? Explain.6. Based on your findings, what would you recommend for prevention and control measures? Apply food safety principles from academic sources to discuss further prevention of Salmonella outbreaks in the cafeteria. (Step 11) Use in-text citations and include sources in reference section.7. Include a properly formatted reference section in APA format that includes at least 3 academic sources (popular sources should not be used).Paper layout Instructions”Title of Your Paper”Introduction.  (You must have this heading)Your paper needs to start with an introductory section and this is where you introduce the paper to the reader. It will be 1-2 paragraphs. (You must have 1-2 paragraphs that introduce the paper)The Next Headings Will be Based Upon the Steps in an Epi InvestigationYour paper will continue from here and there will be written content under each heading. Follow the assignment directions for the specific content in each step. The headings are:Step 2: Establish the Salmonella Outbreak. (You must have this headingand then the related paragraphs)Step 3: Verify Diagnosis. (You must have this headingand then the related paragraphs)Step 4: Working Case Definition. (You must have this heading and then the related paragraphs)Step 6: Conduct Descriptive Epidemiology. (You must have this heading and then the related paragraphs)Step 8: Conducting a Retrospective Cohort Study. (You must have this heading and then the related paragraphs) This Epi final paper does not have steps 9 or 10 in it.Step 11: Apply Food Safety Principles to Further Prevent Salmonella Outbreaks in the Cafeteria (You must have this heading and then the related paragraphs)Conclusion (You must have this heading)Your paper needs a concluding section and this is where you summarize the paper to the reader. It isNOTthe same as the introductory paragraphs. The conclusion will have 1-2

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Write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of two qualitative research studies. Use the “Research Critique Guidelines – Part 1” document to organize your essay. Successful completion of this assignment requires that you provide rationale, include examples, and reference content from the studies in your responses.Use the practice problem and two qualitative, peer-reviewed research article you identified in the Topic 1 assignment to complete this assignment.Qualitative data has been described as voluminous and sometimes overwhelming to the researcher. Discuss two strategies that would help a researcher manage and organize the data.Qualitative data is looking at the “why” behind the behaviors in question. This type of research often means asking people to disclose personal information to you about their experiences and feelings. This is not the type of collecting that is analyzed into statistical data sets. This is data that is expressed feelings and experiences so creating transcripts of interviews conducted is an effective way to manage the information. Recording how the participant was feeling and the experiences described is the goal of the researcher. This will mean recording what is really said instead of interpreting the information and making conclusions and summaries of the information. Having a transcript of the conversation will provide a basis to make notes on and glean information from later. Care needs to be taken to protect the participants identities in the transcripts.Another way to manage the data collected is to code the data based on similarities. Once a researcher has several transcripts to review, they can begin coding and identifying the areas of similarity between interviews. Coding is used enough that researchers have developed software systems that help them organize their transcripts. Items can be highlighted in various colors to represent the different coded areas. By grouping the information the researcher can see larger patterns in responses and begin to form hypotheses about the problem.Sutton, J., & Austin, Z. (2015). Qualitative Research: Data Collection, Analysis, and Management. The Canadian journal of hospital pharmacy, 68(3), 226–231.The collection and management of data for a qualitative nursing study entails not only a sufficient amount of time, but also a high level of flexibility, fluidity, and creativity (Green and Johnson, 2018). The process evolves as the study is carried out as it adapts to the dynamic characteristics of the identified participants. While it involves an in-depth discussion of personal thoughts and feelings with the participants, the researcher takes precautions to ensure that the study remains objective and unbiased by maintaining professional boundaries and adhering to professional standards of practice (Green and Johnson, 2018)Green and Johnson identified at least four methodologies that can help researchers manage and organize the data for a qualitative study. Among these methodologies include conducting interviews which can either be structured and unstructured. Structured interviews involve a set of standardized questions that are predetermined based on the goals of the study. Unstructured interviews involve questions that are not prearranged but are spontaneous and are developed during the course of the interview depending on the interviewee’s responses. Although they are designed to be more informal and free-flowing, unstructured interviews involve probing questions to gather the thoughts of the interviewee about the subject matter. In both types of interviews, transcripts of conversations are needed (Green and Johnson, 2018). The other methodology is through a focus group where a group of people are assembled for a free-flowing discussion. Members of the focus groups are usually selected based on a criteria determined prior to the selection of members. The interviewer functions as the moderator who prepares a set of questions that will be explored during the discussion. Transcripts of conversations are also documented or recorded.ReferenceGreen, S. and Johnson, J., 2018. Research Ethics and Evaluation of Qualitative Research. Nursing Research: Understanding Methods for Best Practice. Retrieved from https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs433v/nursing-research-understanding-methods-for-best-practice/v1.1/#/chapter/2In a 1,000–1,250 word essay, summarize two qualitative studies, explain the ways in which the findings might be used in nursing practice, and address ethical considerations associated with the conduct of the study.Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.AttachmentsNRS-433V-RS2-ResearchCritiqueGuidelinesPart I.docxRough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations – RubricNo of Criteria: 10 Achievement Levels: 5CriteriaAchievement LevelsDescriptionPercentageUnsatisfactory0.00 %Less than Satisfactory75.00 %Satisfactory83.00 %Good94.00 %Excellent100.00 %Content75.0     Background of Study 15.0Background of study including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions is incomplete.Background of study including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions is included but lacks relevant details and explanation.Background of study including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation. Background of study including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions is complete and includes relevant details and explanation.Background of study including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation. Method of Study15.0Discussion of method of study including discussion of conceptual/theoretical framework is incomplete.Discussion of method of study including discussion of conceptual/theoretical framework is included but lacks relevant details and explanation.Discussion of method of study including discussion of conceptual/theoretical framework is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation.Discussion of method of study including discussion of conceptual/theoretical framework is complete and includes relevant details and explanation.Discussion of method of study including discussion of conceptual/theoretical framework is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.Results of Study15.0Discussion of study results including findings and implications for nursing practice is incomplete.Discussion of study results including findings and implications for nursing practice is included but lacks relevant details and explanation.Discussion of study results including findings and implications for nursing practice is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation.Discussion of study results including findings and implications for nursing practice is complete and includes relevant details and explanation. Discussion of study results including findings and implications for nursing practice is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.Ethical Considerations15.0Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is incomplete.Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is included but lacks relevant details and explanation.Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation.Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is complete and includes relevant details and explanation.Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.Conclusion15.0Conclusion does not summarize a critical appraisal and applicability of findings.Conclusion is vague and does not discuss importance to nursing. Conclusion summarizes utility of the research and importance to nursing practice.Conclusion summarizes utility of the research from the critical appraisal and the findings importance to nursing practice.Conclusion summarizes utility of the research from the critical appraisal, knowledge learned, and the importance of the findings to nursing practice.Organization and Effectiveness15.0     Thesis Development and Purpose5.0Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear.Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose.Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.Argument Logic and Construction5.0Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis. Argument shows logical progressions. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.Argument is clear and convincing and presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)5.0Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used.Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, or word choice are present.Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used. Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.Format10.0     Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)5.0Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent.Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present. Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style.All format elements are correct. Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)5.0Sources are not documented.Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct. Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.Total Percentage  100