Health Education Need Evidence Table

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Health Education Need Evidence Table

NUR 335 Assignment 6.1

Health Education Need Evidence Table

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Author/Year/Title/ Journal

 

 Topic of Concern

 

 Population Teaching Strategy/Methods Findings Strengths/ Weaknesses of Strategy
 

Andrew Smith & Chelsea Harris,2018 Type 1 Diabetes management strategies American Family Practice

 

 Type 1 and 2 diabetes Asian community aged 40 to 47 Continuous glucose monitoring. Using a CGM) device, one can monitor glucose levels throughout the day and night to gain insight into patterns and trends (Andrew Smith & Chelsea Harris, 2018). Lo w AIC levels. For most diabetics, the AIC goal is 7% or less. Many factors, including your age and medical conditions, will influence your personal goal. With the help of your doctor, set a personal A1C goal. This will help to know whether blood glucose is low or high. Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) sensors are worn separately from the pump and placed under the skin to monitor the interstitial fluid glucose level.

 
American Diabetes Association. (2016). 1. Strategies for improving care. Diabetes care, 39(Supplement_1), S6-S12.

 

 

 Type 1 and 2 diabetes Asian community aged 40 and 47 years Healthy dieting and proper counting of carbs. If a patient sticks to a low-carb diet, you’ll feel less hungry, eat less, and lose weight more quickly than if you stick to a more traditional diet. Keeping the blood glucose under control. Your eyes, kidneys, heart, and blood vessels can all be damaged if your blood pressure is too high (ADA. 2016). A slash separates the two numbers used to represent blood pressure. For instance: 120/70. Both numbers should be below 80. The major strength understands how to control glucose and how to use insulin pump.

The major weakness is that there is the possibility of a third party changing the insulin pump. This could cause hypoglycemia.

 
Chatterjee, S., Davies, M. J., Heller, S., Speight, J., Snoek, F. J., & Khunti, K. (2018). Diabetes structured self-management education programmes: a narrative review and current innovations. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 6(2), 130-142.

 

 

 

 Type 1 and 2 diabetes The Asian community aged 40-47 The natural remedies of managing diabetes Lowering weight, lowering blood glucose and AIC (Chatterjee, et al., 2018). Your A1C will go down if you eat the right foods and stick to a diet plan. The major strength is understanding diabetes management

The major weakness is that some of the natural remedies may not be working as expected.

 

Based on your research, what is your proposed education strategy?  Please explain your reason(s) for selecting this strategy:

My findings lead me to propose a address diet, physical exercise, medication use and Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring. Diet high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, as well as regular physical activity is critical aspects.  Because healthy diet, meal preparation, and exercise may lower a patient’s risk of developing diabetes, I chose this approach. Because weight reduction helps the pancreas to keep up with the insulin demand of the body, I would also include this as an option. Weight reduction may be all that is needed to get blood sugar levels back to normal, therefore eliminating diabetes. Monitor your blood sugar levels, and you’ll be able to change your health-related habits. Self-monitoring of blood glucose levels is recommended for all people with diabetes (SMBG).

Nursing homework help

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Nursing homework help

Narrated PowerPoint presentation of 5 or 6 slides.  The Power Point presentation must include the Title and References that presents a comprehensive plan to implement the change you propose.

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Your presentation should be 5–6 minutes in length and should include you as presenter.

Include the Title slide and list of at least Five (5) References.

 

  • Create a Power Point first.
  • A rule of thumb is no more than 5 lines of statements in one slide. Statements should be brief, clear, and direct.
  • Try not to clutter a slide with too much text, graphics, and various colors.
  • Use one main idea per slide: Maximum of 6-7 bullets and maximum of 6-8 words per bullet.
  • Do not underline.Use italics sparingly
  • Do not use all capital letters.
  • Use common fonts, such as Arial and Times New Roman.
  • Use larger font size: 36 points, no less than 24 points.
  • Watch your color combinations.Example: Do not use green writing on a yellow background or blue writing on a red background.
  • A good rule of thumb for total number of slides is to have no more than one slide per minute of presentation time.

 

 

Assignment: Change Implementation and Management Plan

It is one of the most cliché of clichés, but it nevertheless rings true: The only constant is change. As a nursing professional, you are no doubt aware that success in the healthcare field requires the ability to adapt to change, as the pace of change in healthcare may be without rival.

As a professional, you will be called upon to share expertise, inform, educate, and advocate. Your efforts in these areas can help lead others through change. In this Assignment, you will propose a change within your organization and present a comprehensive plan to implement the change you propose.

To Prepare:

  • Review the Resources and identify one change that you believe is called for in your organization/workplace. In this case you can use module for this assigment which you did for me I am attaching. Unhealthy environment workload of the employees, which is unfairly distributed, and the majority of the workers being overworked This as a result contributed to nurses leaving they job at and alarming rate which contributed to the nursing shortage we are experiencing now.
    • This may be a change necessary to effectively address one or more of the issues you addressed in the Workplace Environment Assessment you submitted in Module 4 I have attached this for your revied which you did for me. It may also be a change in response to something not addressed in your previous efforts. It may be beneficial to discuss your ideas with your organizational leadership and/or colleagues to help identify and vet these ideas.
  • Reflect on how you might implement this change and how you might communicate this change to organizational leadership.

The Assignment (5-6-minute narrated PowerPoint presentation):

Change Implementation and Management Plan

Create a 5- or 6-slide narrated PowerPoint that presents a comprehensive plan to implement changes you propose.

Your narrated presentation should be 5–6 minutes in length.

Your Change Implementation and Management Plan should include the following:

  • An executive summary of the issues that are currently affecting your organization/workplace (This can include the work you completed in your Workplace Environment Assessment previously submitted, if relevant.)
  • A description of the change being proposed
  • Justifications for the change, including why addressing it will have a positive impact on your organization/workplace
  • Details about the type and scope of the proposed change
  • Identification of the stakeholders impacted by the change
  • Identification of a change management team (by title/role)
  • A plan for communicating the change you propose
  • A description of risk mitigation plans you would recommend to address the risks anticipated by the change you propose

 

BSN-FP4016- Research and Pharmacology Paper

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BSN-FP4016- Research and Pharmacology Paper

Assessment Instructions

In your professional nursing practice, you will likely encounter both patients and coworkers whose personal or cultural views on pharmacology may be quite different from your own. Understanding the most current research on pharmacological topics will help you make informed choices.

For this assessment, imagine your supervisor asks you to write an article on a controversial topic for the organization’s monthly newsletter in which you review the most recent research on the topic. She stresses you must present a balanced overview and equally address the pros and cons of the topic.

PREPARATION

Complete the following as you prepare to write your article:

  1. Choose a topic from the list below:
    • The use of medical marijuana.
    • The use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) versus traditional Western medicine.
    • Experimental drug programs and disease management.
    • Mandated vaccinations for children and the implications for parental choice not to vaccinate.
  2. Search the Capella library and the Internet to locate peer-reviewed research articles on your selected topic. The information you use to support your work in this assessment must be as recent as possible.

Note: These are very broad topics. Limit your work to the scope of your practice and be mindful of the page-length requirements. BSN-FP4016- Research and Pharmacology Paper

REQUIREMENTS

Once you have identified your topic, organize your article as you wish. Be sure to include the following:

  • Explain the appropriate use of the pharmacology related to the topic. Include elements such as diseases or health concerns associated with the topic and the efficacy and applicability of the pharmacology.
  • Explain the relationship between quality patient outcomes, patient safety, and use of the pharmacology related to the topic. Remember to address both the benefits and limitations of the pharmacology in terms of specific diseases and populations.
  • Explain how the topic affects both the community and the organization in terms of promoting health and wellness.
  • Describe any inequities regarding access to the pharmacology related to the topic. Is access limited to specific groups or populations? Who determines access? On what is it based? Does access influence choice?

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Follow APA guidelines to format this assessment. Include a title page and reference page.

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

  • Number of pages: 5–6 (no more than 7).
  • At least 4 current scholarly or professional resources.
  • Times New Roman, 12 point, double-spaced font.

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Library Resources

The following e-books or articles from the Capella University Library are linked directly in this course:

SHOW LESS

Course Library Guide

A Capella University library guide has been created specifically for your use in this course. You are encouraged to refer to the resources in the BSN-FP4016 – Pharmacology for Patient Safety Library Guide to help direct your research.

Bookstore Resources

The resources listed below are relevant to the topics and assessments in this course and are not required. Unless noted otherwise, these materials are available for purchase from the Capella University Bookstore. When searching the bookstore, be sure to look for the Course ID with the specific –FP (FlexPath) course designation.

  • Burchum, J., & Rosenthal, L. (2016). Lehen’s pharmacology for nursing care (9th ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders. BSN-FP4016- Research and Pharmacology Paper

Nursing homework help

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Nursing homework help

Post 5:

Most people think of home deaths because of excellent palliative care. Palliative care has been established in hospitals, nursing homes, hospices, and other in-patient institutions, challenging the notion that the home is the best place to die. Most patients wish to die in the company of their loved ones, to be able to spend their decisive moments with them. For many, being unable to die at home may be viewed as a failure in the care provided for these people, even if they were admitted to a hospital or hospice. There are several reasons for not honoring the wish to die at the home of a dying patient.  Nursing homework help

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A chronic scarcity of trained home careers, the cost of hiring high-quality support, the challenges of assembling a community of family and friends for 24-hour care, and, ironically, medical breakthroughs in recent decades make dying at home a big difficulty (How Realistic Is Dying at Home? 2018). 

Dr. Cory Ingram, director of palliative care in population health at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, remarked, “People these days are more unwell when they’re dying.” “The delay between diagnosis and death is long. Previously, there may have been only one [physical] condition; now, there are many issues that necessitate additional nursing care. People today have more complex care requirements than they did, say, 20 years ago.” (How Realistic Is Dying at Home? 2018).” 

It is the nurses’ responsibility to offer thorough and compassionate end-of-life care, according to the American Nurses Association’s (ANA) stated position. As a nurse it is my responsibility to offer care that includes promoting comfort, relieving pain and other symptoms, and providing support to patients, their families, and anyone who is close to them. (What Are the Reasons for Elderly Patients Not Dying at Home as They Desire? – Academic Papers Market, 2021). It is also the nurses’ obligation to discuss the patient’s desires with the physician and to combine social worker and spiritual care. 

 

References 

How Realistic is Dying at Home? (2018, December 6). Next Avenue; www.nextavenue.org. https://www.nextavenue.org/how-realistic-is-dying-at-home/ 

 

What are the reasons for elderly patients not dying at home as they desire? – Academic Papers Market. (2021, June 11). Academic Papers Market; academicpapersmarket.com. https://academicpapersmarket.com/what-are-the-reasons-for-elderly-patients-not-dying-at-home-as-they-desire/ 

 

Post 6:

Nurses have consistently shown to be reliable responders, and their compassionate nature typically compels them to respond to those in need, even when it puts their own safety or well-being at risk (ANA, 2017). There is a strong relationship between the nurse and the public who expects that nurses and other health care providers will respond to their needs in an infectious disease emergency or in other types of disaster resulting in mass injury or illness. Society, as such, sanctions professions to be self-regulating on the understanding that such a response would occur. 

Secondary prevention may occur when the onset of the disaster has occurred or within hours of its impact; this is when response occurs during a disaster (Falkner, 2018). Response in disaster management indicates the period of time for emergency assistance with the goal of maintaining and saving lives, improving health, surviving the disaster event, and supporting victims. 

Tertiary prevention occurs after the offending event has ceased and the focus is on recovery (Falkner, 2018). The tertiary and recovery phases may last weeks, months, or even years and involves property damage recuperation, physical rehabilitation of those injured, mental illness evaluation and treatment, planning for future disasters, and financial recuperation. 

Under the mitigation phase of disaster, nurses provide education to public regarding planning and reaction in the event of emergencies, coordinate the preparation of drills, such as mass casualty drills (Faulkner, 2018). Under the preparedness phase of disaster, nurses educate the public, help the public and families create disaster kits and plans of action in the event of an emergency, coordinate and institute plans of action in facilities (e.g., hospitals, care homes, schools). Under the response phase of disaster, nurses help citizens find appropriate shelter, take personal accountability for self and one’s own family. Under the recovery phase, nurses provide medical attention to victims, provide emotional support, and begin planning for mitigation phase.

Nurses who volunteer and become involved with an organized disaster response system are better prepared when disaster strikes (Nevada State University, 2018). A few organizations that offer opportunities to assist with relief efforts include the American Red Cross, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and the United States Public Health Service (PHS).

References

American Nurses Association. (2017). Who Will be there? Ethics, the law, and a nurse’s duty to respond in a disaster. https://www.nursingworld.org/~4af058/globalassets/docs/ana/ethics/who-will-be-there_disaster-preparedness_2017.pdf

Falkner, A. (2018). Disaster management. In Grand Canyon University (Ed.). Community and public health: The future of healthcare. https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs427vn/community-andpublic-health-the-future-of-health-care/v1.1/#/chapter/5

Nevada State University. (2018). Nurses play a critical role in disaster response. https://online.nsc.edu/nursing/rn-to-bsn/nurses-critical-role-disaster/#

 

 

EHR Implementation

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EHR Implementation

Communicating an electronic health record (EHR) implementation plan is crucial. As a result, if the new processes are defined, and the advantages of the changes are recognized, each staff member will feel more engaged in the EHR adoption process. All workers’ employment scope and duties in practice will change due to an EHR implementation, just as they will with any other IT integration project. As a result, some workers may become territorial or retreat into pre-EHR behaviors, finally abdicating responsibility to someone else. EHR implementers must speak with and receive input from every impacted employee to prepare for this, ensuring they understand and own any changes to their job scope and duties (Palvia et al., 2015). When there is no personal or professional benefit to making a change, clinical and non-clinical workers may become sensitive to change. Therefore, physician offices should have a comprehensive strategy to help with all parts of the electronic health record adoption process.

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To define the new workflow procedures, form process teams within the company. As the practice prepares to implement an EHR, these teams will engage and educate the rest of the personnel. These groups should meet on a consistent and regular basis at defined times. Avoid using phrases like “because we said so” or “it is a government obligation.” While this is accurate in some instances, it falls short of capturing the true spirit of EHR adoption. Instead, create a strategy for communicating the concept of success. These contacts should occur regularly, at pre-determined periods. In these conversations, make sure to note all triumphs (as well as areas for improvement). Nothing brings people together more quickly than achieving achievement, even if it is tiny at first (Deokar & Sarnikar, 2016).

Always keep personnel informed about where the EHR deployment stands in the acceptance process. Also, as the practice moves closer to actual implementation, it should consider how it will convey this shift to patients. Process Teams or Staff Meetings should be held regularly at clearly defined periods. Following the assessment of training needs, a Training Plan that fulfills the needs of the staff should be conveyed to all members of the practice (Barrett & Stephens, 2017).

Even after creating and supporting numerous communication channels, the practice must continue to assess its current requirements. Create comprehensive training methods that are uniform and reproducible to add maturity to communication processes. As the practice grows, this information may be customized to match the individual needs and specializations of the practice. Finally, clinical leaders or “champions” should be present in medical offices. When it comes to successfully implementing an EHR, the notion of a physician as a champion is critical. As an inherent aspect of cultural change, collaboration is crucial for the EHR implementation plan. While nothing can ensure success, a lack of cooperation, communication, and teamwork will almost surely lead to failure (Barrett, 2018).

EHRs make patient records accessible to all relevant staff, allowing patient information to be processed efficiently and effectively. Integrated scheduling tools that immediately link appointments to progress notes, automatic coding, and easier-to-manage claims can help the healthcare team operate the business more effectively and enhance medical practice administration. Administrative chores, such as filling out paperwork and responding to billing requests, need workers’ time and effort. The adoption of electronic health records simplifies these obligations (EHRs). In addition, employees will spend less time analyzing handwritten notes if they use EHRs.

References

Barrett, A. K. (2018). Electronic health record (EHR) organizational change: Explaining resistance through profession, organizational experience, and EHR communication quality. Health communication, 33(4), 496-506.

Barrett, A. K., & Stephens, K. K. (2017). Making electronic health records (EHRs) work: Informal talk and workarounds in healthcare organizations. Health Communication, 32(8), 1004-1013.

Deokar, A. V., & Amit Deokar, Ph.D. | UMass Lowell. https://www.uml.edu/profile/amit_deokar.

Palvia, P., Jacks, T., & Brown, W. (2015). Critical Issues in EHR Implementation: Provider and Vendor …. https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/P_Palvia_Critical_2015.pdf 36(1), 36.

Case Study: Social determinants of Health Assignment

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Case Study: Social determinants of Health Assignment

Case Study: Social determinants of Health

Maria Santos is an 85-year-old, Spanish-speaking, Venezuelan immigrant. She lives with her husband, who also only speaks Spanish, on a farm on the outskirts of a small town comprised mostly of migrant farm workers. The downtown area has a grocery store, a gas station, and a small Hispanic restaurant. 

Two days ago, Maria’s husband arrived by taxi to the hospital to pick her up. She was being discharged after a 9-day stay. Her primary diagnosis was “viral pneumonia.” She has secondary diagnoses of “dysphagia” and “osteoporosis,” and she ambulates using a walker. During the hospital discharge process, the respiratory therapist, along with a language interpreter, ensured that Maria could adequately breathe the room air. The nurse ensured that the correct oral and inhaler prescriptions were issued. Maria would receive a follow-up appointment with the primary doctor and a referral for home care services.

After Maria arrived home, her prescriptions were never filled and she ate very little. Today, when the home care nurse arrives at the farm home, Maria is in bed and breathing with labored breaths. The nurse notices that Maria’s husband is acting odd. He appears to have early dementia. Clearly, the husband is incapable of assisting Maria with even the most basic tasks for daily living. Maria’s discharge plan failed.

Nurses need to understand how social, economic, and environmental factors, also known as social determinants of health (SDOH), impact chronic morbidity, survival, and the well-being of older adults. In Maria’s case, obvious and unique health challenges are present in her environment. Support systems, personal lifestyle, cultural beliefs, and language barriers impact her health behaviors.

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  1. Identify two socioeconomic-related questions that the nurse could have asked Maria that fall under the umbrella of SDOH.

 

  1. Describe how the nurse could have addressed one of the following areas to better prepare Maria for discharge.

 

  • Language/literacy
  • Culture
  • Social norms and attitudes (e.g., discrimination, racism, and distrust of government)
  • Socioeconomic conditions (e.g., concentrated poverty and the stressful conditions that accompany it)
  • Access to healthcare services
  • Availability of community-based resources in support of community living and opportunities for recreational and leisure-time activities
  • Transportation options
  • Public safety
  • Social support
  • Exposure to crime, violence, and social disorder (e.g., presence of trash and lack of cooperation in a community)
  • Residential segregation
  • Access to mass media and emerging technologies (e.g., cell phones, the Internet, and social media)
  • Culture

 

  1. Discuss a health policy currently in place or a health policy that is needed that would support Maria as she transitions back to her home environment. Case Study: Social determinants of Health Assignment

Socioeconomic-related questions

Social Support – The nurse should have asked Maria whether there is someone at home, whether a family member or friends, whom she can fully rely on to help her take her medication on a regular basis.

Language/Literacy – The second question that the nurse should have asked her is whether her language barrier may act as a hindrance in the administration of her medication while at home.

 

Social Support

If the nurse had asked Maria the first question posted above concerning social support, he or she would have discovered that the patient’s husband is suffering from dementia. She would also seek to find out whether there is someone else besides the patient’s husband that was capable of helping her meet her basic needs. According to this particular scenario, Maria only lives with her husband, who is the immediate source of social support. In this case, however, he has been deemed incapable of providing the adequate support needed for Maria’s successful recovery.

A social support network would be the most appropriate route for the nurse to take. This network may comprise of friends, other members of the family and peers (sometimes coworkers). It is not necessarily a support group, which is more of a structured meeting headed by a mental health professional or lay leader. A social support network helps relieve the patient from stressful situations since they are surrounded by people who love and care for them (Cherry).

In Maria’s case, the nurse should have contacted her next of kin or close friends who live near her. On the other hand, those who live far from her may also offer moral support by contacting her regularly. Friends and members of the family that live close to Maria’s home may take turns to visit them (Maria and her Husband) to ensure that she has taken her medication and has had something to eat.

Transition Policy

Discharge planning, when conducted effectively, plays a crucial role in the continuity of care after patients have been discharged. There are several procedures and activities associated with the discharge planning process. These take place on admission, during admission, at least 48 hours before discharge, day of discharge, and follow-up care (Waring et al.).

On admission, nurses are required to prepare an accurate and detailed patient record. They should also review assessment information and come up with a plausible date of discharge. During admission, they should conduct multidisciplinary assessments of the patient’s condition so as to classify and assess the conditions of discharge. The patient and their family should also be informed of the ongoing needs. At least 48 hours to discharge, the multidisciplinary team should be informed of the estimated date of discharge. The nurse should then initiate referrals to social care agencies. Any agencies concerned with ordering or installing medical equipment at home or conducting home modifications should also be contacted. On the day of discharge, the nurse in charge of the patient should contact the patient’s family or carers to confirm matters related to the follow-up arrangements, to ensure the completion of medical documentation, and to confirm transport. During follow-up care, the nurse should assess the continuing health-care package. When necessary, they should consult with a general practitioner (GP) (Waring et al.)

 

Works Cited

Cherry, Kendra. “Social Support Is Imperative for Health and Well-Being.” Verywell Mind, 2018, www.verywellmind.com/social-support-for-psychological-health-4119970. Accessed 10 Mar. 2021.

Waring, Justin, et al. “Hospital Discharge and Patient Safety: Reviews of the Literature.” Nih.gov, NIHR Journals Library, Sept. 2014, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK259995/. Accessed 10 Mar. 2021. Case Study: Social determinants of Health

MHS504 Scholarly Writing in the Health Sciences

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MHS504 Scholarly Writing in the Health Sciences

Infertility

Infertility is a serious public health issue that affects men and women. An infertile person cannot have children; for a man, one cannot have a successful erection and ejaculation, and for women, one is considered infertile if one cannot get pregnant after having unprotected sex for 12 months with a man. Infertility is a relevant public health issue that affects individuals and families. According to the CDC, about 19% of heterosexual women aged 15 to 19 are considered infertile (Sadecki et al., 2022). The report further shows that more than 9% of men in the US are infertile. As a serious healthcare issue, efforts have been made to address it. For example, the National Public Health Action Plan developed a plan that helps detect, manage, and treat infertility. National and local governments have also allocated resources to research and treatment. However, the problem has not been fully resolved, and individuals and families struggle with the challenges associated with infertility.

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Causes of Infertility

Several causes have been documented for infertility in men and women. According to Gipson et al. (2020), there are pathogenic variants that cause infertility in females. Studies show that infertile women have two homozygous. All the oocytes carrying PV are surrounded by a thin ZP which does not allow sperm-binding, rendering a female infertile. The loss of PV function leads to an abnormal and structural dysfunction of the ZP, making women unable to conceive.

Researchers have also linked female infertility to problems with the uterus, such as fibroids, polyps, and adhesions inside the uterus cavity. Some females also have a problem with the fallopian tubes, especially those resulting from gonorrhea or chlamydia. Females who also experience problematic ovulations are likely to be infertile, as they cannot release eggs regularly. Ovulation problems may arise from substance abuse, eating disorders, thyroid conditions, or pituitary tumors. Lastly, women may have issues with the quality and number of eggs. When the supply of eggs runs out before menopause, a woman cannot get pregnant. Similarly, some eggs have the wrong number of chromosomes and cannot successfully grow into a healthy fetus.

Many factors increase women’s risk of infertility. Age, lifestyle choices, genetic traits, and health conditions make some women at a higher risk than others of being infertile. Older women, for example, are more vulnerable to infertility than younger women. As women age, the overall number of eggs reduces, there are increased chances of developing healthcare issues, and more eggs have an abnormal number of chromosomes. Other factors such as endometriosis, cysts, tumors, smoking, heavy drinking, structural problems, low body fat count, and being overweight or underweight also increase being infertile.

Surprisingly, the nature of a woman’s work is reportedly significant in increasing the chances of infertility. For example, female surgeons are more likely to be infertile compared to women in other occupations (Rangel et al., 2021). The study argues that the high risk of female surgeons results from delayed training, which makes most of them start a family when they are older. The complex nature of their work also makes them vulnerable to infertility, especially those who work more than 12 hours a week are likely to be infertile. When these women get pregnant, they are likely to develop complications and cannot carry the pregnancy to term. Some lose the baby through miscarriage or give birth to babies with defects. Demographically, infertile women are likely to be educated, using barrier contraception, non-smokers, and married.

These risk factors affect men too. According to research, men may be infertile due to genetic defects and health problems such as diabetes and infections, including chlamydia, mumps, HIV, or gonorrhea. These factors lead to abnormal sperm production, which hinders egg fertilization. A man may also have a low sperm count or reduced quality of sperm which cannot successfully fertilize an egg (Schlegel et al., 2021). Enlarged veins in the testes(varicocele) also affect the quality of sperm, making a man infertile. In some cases, these risk factors cause blockages; hence one will be unable to deliver the sperm.

Effects of Infertility

Infertility is associated with severe health effects for affected individuals. According to research, women who experience infertility at any point in their lives are likely to develop cardiovascular issues later. Growing evidence shows that increased cardiovascular diseases are associated with female infertility that arises from conditions such as obesity, ovarian disease, endometriosis, and thyroid dysfunction (Gleason et al., 2019). Further studies reveal that infertile women have atherogenic lipid profiles and high hs-CRP levels, which increases vulnerability to cardiovascular issues. Based on these findings, infertility goes beyond the daily challenges and has long-term effects.

Other studies also show that the consequences of infertility go beyond the pursuit of family building. Infertile women are at risk of cancer and maternal morbidity and have increased vulnerability to other chronic diseases. A recent study shows that infertile patients are more likely to develop diabetes, renal disease, liver disease, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and others (Murugappan et al., 2021). Other studies indicate that infertility is not a disease; instead, it is a symptom of an underlying disease that may be detected later in the life of an infertile man or woman.

Infertile women experience distressing life experiences. According to Alamin et al. (2020), identity crisis is a significant contributor to distress in the lives of infertile men and women. Women and men who feel that society can only accept them if they have children undergo emotional and psychological torture. The challenges get worse when men and women cannot get treated successfully, s they suffer loss and grief. A significant number of women and men have gotten into depression after they find it challenging to live with the fact that they cannot have children.

Infertile men and women experience psychological and social stigma. Infertile women have reportedly experienced higher levels of emotional abuse and stress in the US compared to other developed countries(Ozturk et al., 2021). Infertile women are also less likely to report emotional and physical violence, which increases their vulnerability to stigma. In some cases, infertile men and women are abandoned by their partners, who fail to endure the stigma and abuse from society and close family/friends.

Reports also indicate that infertility is a silent struggle, as infertile men and women often find it hard to share their distress with second or third parties. Despite the high prevalence of infertility, infertile women do not share their stories with family and friends, which increases their psychological vulnerability. The inability to give birth cause feelings of shame, anxiety, and low self-esteem and contributes to poor life quality.

Infertility Treatment

Stakeholders have channeled resources and manpower into treating infertility. Current treatment options include medications and embryo implantation with assisted reproductive technology. Some treatment options are tailored for men, others for women, and both genders can use some. In most cases, however, infertility is treated with conventional therapies, including surgery or medication. In some cases, these options turn out to be unsuccessful, and affected individuals and families resort to sperm donation or surrogacy.

As much as several treatment options are available, research shows that a significant population of men and women do not seek help to address infertility. According to research, only half of US women seek medical services in an attempt to address infertility( Greil et al., 2020). This means that majority of them will live with the problem as they continue to face emotional, physical, and psychological challenges. The same case applies to men; very few men are willing to seek help and treat infertility. According to research, 99% of male infertility cases can be addressed with a combination of medical and lifestyle techniques. However, the barriers to treatment make infertility an unresolved problem.

Studies that seek to understand the barriers to infertility treatment reveal significant issues that, when addressed, can enhance access to treatment. One of the main factors that come ut is the nature of the treatment, which may be scary for the target people. Treatment approaches such as laparoscopy are revealed to be quite painful, and people may fear going for that. Negative thinking and perceptions are also significant barriers to treatment. For example, some individuals believe that there is no treatment for infertility, as most approaches fail. The fear of wasting resources for an uncertain attempt shuns people away. For other couples, associating treatment with increased chances of high-risk pregnancies scare them away.

Men’s experiences are also affected by societal perceptions about infertility, the cost of treatment, and insufficient knowledge about the treatment process. Research shows that most men are unwilling to live with the reality that they have infertility issues, hence lacking the confidence to walk up to a clinic or hospital to seek help. For some, financial constraints become a challenge, and they choose to accept infertility as a natural occurrence that they live with forever. Some men are scared of having conversations with healthcare providers as they reveal important information to aid in the treatment process. Lastly, just like women, some men believe that infertility treatment cannot be successful, hence no need to waste time and resources.

There are safety concerns regarding infertility treatment for men and women. For example, TRIP13 mutant is believed to address fertility issues in women. However, it is associated with human diseases, and the safety of the patient should be considered first (Gipson et al., 2020). Multiple birth defects and Neurological sequelae have also been observed in children conceived by IVF and ICSI. The health concerns associated with infertility treatment challenge the ethical responsibility of the practice of medicine. Therefore, safety factors must be considered before administering any infertility treatment option.

Evidence also shows that partner support directly impacts infertility treatment outcomes. According to research, men and women who get support from their partners alleviate the burden of infertility-related stress. Couples should support each other, and partners should be involved throughout the treatment process to enhance treatment outcomes. Family and social support are also linked to significant treatment outcomes. Health care professionals should explore the social networks available to infertile patients and encourage people to seek positive support from partners and family members. Partner coping patterns must also be assessed to determine the partner’s ability to cope with the treatment processes and infertility experience.

Infertility treatment remains controversial in reproductive medicine, as researchers continue to link infertility treatment with negative outcomes. Research shows that some infertility treatment options lead to serious health effects that require additional help. For example, patients who undergo assisted reproductive treatment are at a high risk of experiencing psychiatric issues. Therefore, it is important to acknowledge and recognize the issues before assisting these patients in coping with the diagnosis and treatment of infertility.

Unsuccessful treatment efforts have also been attributed to a lack of a holistic approach to infertility. According to Gipson et al. (2020), failure to view fertility holistically has hampered the efforts to address infertility. Today, the world is witnessing adverse and novel health challenges and impeded economic development, which may significantly contribute to infertility. The efforts to treat infertility will be more successful if linked to health, economic, and social factors.

Summary and Conclusion

Infertility is a significant health issue that affects a significant population. Infertility is linked to various causes, including genes, age, health conditions, structural factors, ovulation problems, and many others. Men and women who are unable to have children undergo physical, emotional, and psychological distress in society. Health-wise, infertile people are likely to develop chronic diseases later. Researchers indicate that most infertile people have an underlying condition through infertility. Patients battling infertility are vulnerable to heart diseases, diabetes, cancer, and other chronic conditions. Apart from health effects, infertile men and women experience distress, primarily associated with a lack of acceptance. Infertile men and women are emotionally abused, stigmatized, and even abandoned by their loved ones. There are several treatment options, including medications and technology-assisted reproductive processes. However, the treatment options are associated with health and birth effects and a lack of certainty. There are also barriers to treatment, including negative perceptions, social and cultural factors, and the nature of the treatment.

Conclusion and Recommendations

It is clear that as much as there are several treatment options, infertility remains a challenging issue. Several steps must be taken to enhance treatment and avail information to enhance acceptance in society. There is a need to invest more in research to develop safer ways of preventing and treating infertility. It is also important to address barriers to treatment through education and offering social support. The myths associated with infertility treatment, such as risky pregnancies, must be done away with by availing of educative materials that will help people to embrace infertility. Healthcare professionals and other stakeholders should also focus on encouraging social support from partners and extended family members to enhance treatment outcomes by alleviating the stress and burden associated with infertility.

In general society, access to the correct information is important to ensure people accept and embrace their loved ones who are infertile instead of stigmatizing or abandoning them. It is also important to have clear reporting procedures for verbal or physical abuse among infertile men and women. Relaxation techniques have also been shown to reduce negative emotions, hence recommended to reduce anxiety among infertile men and women.

 

 

 

 

References

Alamin, S., Allahyari, T., Ghorbani, B., Sadeghitabar, A., & Karami, M. T. (2020). Failure in identity building as the main challenge of infertility: a qualitative study. Journal of reproduction & infertility, 21(1), 49.

Gleason, J. L., Shenassa, E. D., & Thomas, M. E. (2019). Self-reported infertility, metabolic dysfunction, and cardiovascular events: a cross-sectional analysis among US women. Fertility and sterility, 111(1), 138-146.

Gipson, J. D., Bornstein, M. J., & Hindin, M. J. (2020). Infertility: a continually neglected component of sexual and reproductive health and rights. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 98(7), 505.

Gipson, J. D., Bornstein, M. J., & Hindin, M. J. (2020). Infertility: a continually neglected component of sexual and reproductive health and rights. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 98(7), 505.

Greil, A. L., Slauson-Blevins, K. S., Lowry, M. H., & McQuillan, J. (2020). Concerns about treatment for infertility in a probability-based sample of US women. Journal of reproductive and infant psychology, 38(1), 16-24.

Murugappan, G., Li, S., Alvero, R. J., Luke, B., & Eisenberg, M. L. (2021). Association between infertility and all-cause mortality: analysis of US claims data. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 225(1), 57-e1.

Öztürk, R., Bloom, T. L., Li, Y., & Bullock, L. F. (2021). Stress, stigma, violent experiences, and social support of us infertile women. Journal of reproductive and infant psychology, 39(2), 205-217.

Rangel, E. L., Castillo-Angeles, M., Easter, S. R., Atkinson, R. B., Gosain, A., Hu, Y. Y., … & Kim, E. (2021). Incidence of infertility and pregnancy complications in US female surgeons. JAMA Surgery, 156(10), 905-915.

Sadecki, E., Weaver, A., Zhao, Y., Stewart, E. A., & Ainsworth, A. J. (2022). Fertility trends and comparisons in a historical cohort of US women with primary infertility. Reproductive health, 19(1), 1-11.

Schlegel, P. N., Sigman, M., Collura, B., De Jonge, C. J., Eisenberg, M. L., Lamb, D. J., … & Zini, A. (2021). Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA/ASRM guideline part I. The Journal of Urology, 205(1), 36-43.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nursing homework help

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Nursing homework help

 

Title Change strategy and implementation

 

Develop a data table that illustrates one or more underperforming clinical outcomes in a care environment of your choice. Write an assessment 3 pages in which you set one or more quantitative goals for the outcomes and propose a change plan that is designed to help you achieve the goals.

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Introduction

The challenge facing many care environments and health care practitioners is how to plan for change and implement changes. For, if we cannot effectively implement changes in practice or procedure, then our goals of improving care will likely amount to nothing. This assessment focuses on allowing you to practice locating, assessing, analyzing, and implementing change strategies in order to improve patient outcomes related to one or more clinical goals.

This assessment will take the form of a data table to identify areas for improvement and to set one or more outcome goals, as well as a narrative describing a change plan that would help you to achieve the goals you have set.

Preparation

The assessment will be based on one or more outcomes that you would like to see improve. Think about experiences you have had working on setting goals for outcomes or using data to identify areas of need. Part of achieving your goal will be your ability to implement change in pursuit of improving outcomes. The Vila Health: Using Evidence to Drive Improvement simulation may be helpful in this regard.

  • Where do you look for resources and evidence to help you get started when treating a specific condition?
  • Where do you look for resources and evidence to help you get started when setting clinical goals?
    • When there are no guidelines or policies for setting clinical goals, where do you look for resources and evidence to help you get started?
  • How do you use these resources and evidence to begin constructing evidence-based treatment, or developing evidence-based goals?
  • What data do you plan to use as a basis for setting improved outcome goals?
    • What care environment do you envision using as the context of your assessment?
      • How would change models, strategies, or theories need to be applied to help ensure achievement of your outcome goals?
      • Which change models, strategies, or theories seem to be the best fit for your goals and environments. Why?

Scenario

Consider the current environment. This could be your current care setting, the care settings presented in the Vila Health: Using Evidence to Drive Improvement or a care setting in which you are interested in working.

For the setting that you choose you will need to have a data set that depicts sub-optimal outcomes related to a clinical issue. This data could be from existing sources in the course (Vila Health: Using Evidence to Drive Improvement), a relevant data set that already exists (a data set from the case study you used as a basis for your Concept Map assessment, or from your current place of practice), or an appropriate data set that you have created yourself. (Note: if you choose to create your own data set, check with your instructor first for approval and guidance.)

After you have selected an appropriate data set, use your understanding of the data to create at least one realistic goal (though you may create more) that will be driven by a change strategy appropriate for the environment and goal.

Potential topics for this assessment could be:

  • Consider ways to help minimize the rate of secondary infections related to the condition, disease, or disorder that you focused on for your Concept Map assessment. As a starting point you could ask yourself, “What could be changed to facilitate safety and minimize risks of infection?”
  • Consider how to help a patient experiencing traumatic stress or anxiety over hospitalization. As a starting point you could ask yourself, “How could the care environment be changed to enhance coping?”

Once you determine the change you would like to make, consider the following:

  • What data will you use to justify the change?
  • How can the team achieve this change with a reasonable cost?
  • What are the effects on the workplace?
  • What other implementation considerations do you need to consider to ensure that the change strategy is successful?
  • How does your change strategy address all aspects of the Quadruple Aim, especially the well-being of health care professionals?
  • Once the change strategy is implemented, how would you evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the care system if the desired outcomes are met?

Instructions

  • Develop a data table that accurately reflects the current and desired states of one or more clinical outcomes.
  • Propose change strategies that will help to achieve the desired state of one or more clinical outcomes.
  • Justify the specific change strategies used to achieve desired outcomes.
  • Explain how change strategies will lead to quality improvement with regard to safety and equitable care.
  • Explain how change strategies will utilize interprofessional considerations to ensure successful implementation.
  • Communicate the change plan in a way that makes the data and rationale easily understood and compelling.
  • Integrate relevant sources to support assertions, correctly formatting citations and references using current APA style.

Additional Requirements

  • Length of submission: 3 double-spaced, typed pages, not including the title and reference pages. Your plan should be succinct yet substantive.
  • Number of references: Cite a minimum of 3-5 sources of scholarly or professional evidence that supports your goal setting, proposed change strategies, quality improvement, and interprofessional considerations. Resources should be no more than five years old.

 

Nursing homework help

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Nursing homework help

Develop an intervention (your capstone project), as a solution to the patient, family, or population problem you’ve defined. Submit the proposed intervention to the faculty for review and approval. This solution needs to be implemented (shared) with your patient, family, or group. You are not to share your intervention with your patient, family, or group or move on to Assessment 5 before your faculty reviews/approves the solution you submit in Assessment 4. In a separate written deliverable, write a 5-7 page analysis of your intervention.

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Please submit both your solution/intervention and the 5-7 page analysis to complete Assessment 4.

Preparation

In this assessment, you’ll develop an intervention as a solution to the health problem you’ve defined. To prepare for the assessment, think about an appropriate intervention, based on your work in the preceding assessments, that will produce tangible, measurable results for the patient, family, or group. In addition, you might consider using a root cause analysis to explore the underlying reasons for a problem and as the basis for developing and implementing an action plan to address the problem. Some appropriate interventions include the following:

  • Creating an educational brochure.
  • Producing an educational voice-over PowerPoint presentation or video focusing on your topic.
  • Creating a teaching plan for your patient, family, or group.
  • Recommending work process or workflow changes addressing your topic.

Plan to spend at least 3 direct practicum hours working with the same patient, family, or group.

Instructions

Complete this assessment in two parts: (a) develop an intervention as a solution to the problem and (b) submit your proposed intervention, with a written analysis, to your faculty for review and approval.

Part 1

Develop an intervention, as a solution to the problem, based on your assessment and supported by data and scholarly, evidence-based sources.

Incorporate relevant aspects of the following considerations that shaped your understanding of the problem:

  • Leadership.
  • Collaboration.
  • Communication.
  • Change management.
  • Policy.
  • Quality of care.
  • Patient safety.
  • Costs to the system and individual.
  • Technology.
  • Care coordination.
  • Community resources.
Part 2

Submit your proposed intervention to your faculty for review and approval.

In a separate written deliverable, write a 5-7 page analysis of your intervention.

  • Summarize the patient, family, or population problem.
  • Explain why you selected this problem as the focus of your project.
  • Explain why the problem is relevant to your professional practice and to the patient, family, or group.

In addition, address the requirements outlined below. These requirements correspond to the scoring guide criteria for this assessment, so be sure to address each main point. Read the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed. In addition, note the additional requirements for document format and length and for supporting evidence.

  • Define the role of leadership and change management in addressing the problem.
    • Explain how leadership and change management strategies influenced the development of your proposed intervention.
    • Explain how nursing ethics informed the development of your proposed intervention.
    • Include a copy of the intervention/solution/professional product.
  • Propose strategies for communicating and collaborating with the patient, family, or group to improve outcomes associated with the problem.
    • Identify the patient, family, or group.
    • Discuss the benefits of gathering their input to improve care associated with the problem.
    • Identify best-practice strategies from the literature for effective communication and collaboration to improve outcomes.
  • Explain how state board nursing practice standards and/or organizational or governmental policies guided the development of your proposed intervention.
    • Cite the standards and/or policies that guided your work.
    • Describe research that has tested the effectiveness of these standards and/or policies in improving outcomes for this problem.
  • Explain how your proposed intervention will improve the quality of care, enhance patient safety, and reduce costs to the system and individual.
    • Cite evidence from the literature that supports your conclusions.
    • Identify relevant and available sources of benchmark data on care quality, patient safety, and costs to the system and individual.
  • Explain how technology, care coordination, and the utilization of community resources can be applied in addressing the problem.
    • Cite evidence from the literature that supports your conclusions.
  • Write concisely and directly, using active voice.
  • Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references.
Additional Requirements
  • Format: Format the written analysis of your intervention using APA style. APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOCX] is provided to help you in writing and formatting your paper. Be sure to include:
    • A title page and reference page. An abstract is not required.
    • Appropriate section headings.
  • Length: Your paper should be approximately 5-7 pages in length, not including the reference page.
  • Supporting evidence: Cite at least five sources of scholarly or professional evidence that support your central ideas. Resources should be no more than five years old. Provide in-text citations and references in APA format.
  • Proofreading: Proofread your paper, before you submit it, to minimize errors that could distract readers and make it more difficult for them to focus on its substance.

 

Personality Assessment in Public Health Leadership

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Personality Assessment in Public Health Leadership

According to the Human metric Jung Typology Test the following are my personality test results:

Extravert – 44%

Intuitive – 59%

Feeling – 12%

Judging – 62%

 

Healthcare environment requires effective leadership that can foster better health care outcomes among patients. To realize better healthcare outcomes, public health leaders must play a fundamental role in shaping the healthcare environment in a manner that can enhance efficient medical outcome (Vernon, 2014). Healthcare is one of the most important sectors in any given economy since the productivity of any nation is highly dependent on how healthy its population is. In the changing healthcare environment, effective leadership is required of healthcare leaders so as to foster better health care outcomes within communities. It is imperative to note that leaders acquire different leadership traits some of which are necessary for ensuring effective and efficient public health leadership (Vernon, 2014). My leadership assessment in Jung Typology indicates that I possess judging personality in my leadership style.

Focusing on the judging personality, this approach of leadership entails organizing and prior planning to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. Individuals with judging personality tend to get their sense of control through taking charge of their environment and making first choices. It is one of the most important leadership traits that foster effective leadership outcome within any healthcare setting. Leaders are required to be self-disciplined and decisive (Hautala, 2006). Leaders with judging leadership traits are often self-discipline and seek closure in all decisions that they make about the organization. Judging leaders are particular, and when they ask for something, they often mean it and require their followers to cooperate. Judgers approach life in a more structured way than perceivers. In their leadership style, they often need people to cooperate and work towards the realization of the organizational goals and objectives. Within the healthcare setting, the primary goals and objectives of the corporate leaders are to foster efficient health care outcome among the diverse population. Patients expect their organizational leaders to work towards satisfying their health care needs and this is what judgers do within any healthcare setting (Hautala, 2006). Personality Assessment in Public Health Leadership

From the Jung Typology leadership personality assessment, it is evident that I have moderate preference of extraversion over introversion. It was also clear that I have distinct preference of intuition over sensing, at the same time, I have slight preference of feeling over thinking and distinct preference of judging over perceiving. Below is an in depth discussion of the four aspects of my personality as revealed from the assessment.

Extravert

This is the first psychological preference of Jung typology personality types. According to Jung, extraversion and introversion refer to the attitudes people use to direct their energy. An extravert source and directs his or her energy mainly in the external world. Extraverts will tend to be more into associating with people in the outer world and in this case these people will always be outgoing and relate more effectively with groups (Hautala, 2006). These people feel more comfortable working in groups and have a broad range of friends. The assessment revealed that I have 44% extraversion which is a moderate preference of extraversion over introversion. In this case, this personality trait will help a great deal in improving population health as they foster productive relationship necessary for improving healthcare outcome among the population.

Intuitive

Intuition and sensing are the second criteria on the Jung typology personality assessment, and they represent the techniques by people perceive information. My assessment revealed that I have 59% intuition I tend to believe on information received through assessment and evaluation in making decisions and not direct information from the external world. It is important to undertake a thorough examination of the information received from the external so as make rational and well-informed decisions (Hautala, 2006).

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Feeling

Feeling versus thinking is the third criterion in the Jung typology and represents how an individual processes information. Thinking, in a nutshell, means that a person makes decision through the use of logic and not a mere sense of feeling. On the other hand, the feeling is where by an individual makes decisions based on his or her feelings and emotions. From my assessment, I possess 12% feeling meaning that I rely mostly on logical thinking when making decisions (Hautala, 2006). It is important to think logically in regards to the underlying scenario when making any decision within the organization. Building on feeling may result from making irrational decisions that may impact negatively on the organization.

Judging

This is the last criterion in Jung typology, and it represents how an individual implements the information that has been processed within the external environment. As noted above, judging is all about how an individual organizes himself including his life events and sticks to his or her plans for making decisions within the organization (Hautala, 2006). Personality Assessment in Public Health Leadership

Reference

Hautala, T. M. (2006). The relationship between personality and transformational leadership. Journal of Management Development, 25(8), 777-794.

Vernon, P. E. (2014). Personality Tests and Assessments (Psychology Revivals). Routledge.

 

 

NSG4029 W2A2 Rubric

 

APA references not formatted correctly -2

 

Rubric asked for 2  JOURNAL ARTICLES -10

 

Unsatisfactory 

1

 Emerging 

2

 Proficient 

3

 Exemplary 

4

 Score
Assignment Components
Integrated how your specific personality type can enhance or hinder effective leadership in the health care environment. How a specific personality type can enhance or hinder effective leadership in the health care environment was not reflected in the assignment. Identified but not described how a specific personality type can enhance or hinder effective leadership in the health care environment. Identified and briefly described with missing elements of how a specific personality type can enhance or hinder effective leadership in the health care environment. Identified correctly and thoroughly described how a specific personality type can enhance or hinder effective leadership in the health care environment. [Score x 10 = 40 pts]
Explained all four aspects of your personality gleaned from the assessment. Assignment identified one aspect from assessment. Identification of two or three aspects from assessment. Identification of four aspects from assessment but missed some elements. Identified and thoroughly explained four aspects from assessment. [Score x 5 = 20 pts]
Included at least 2 journal article references. Assignment included one journal article reference Included two references but were not credible or peer reviewed. Included two journal article references from a peer-reviewed article. Included two or more journal article reference from a peer-reviewed article. [Score x 5 = 20 pts]
Written Components
Organization Introduction Thesis Transitions Conclusion Introduction is limited or missing entirely. 

 

The paper lacks a thesis statement.

 

Transitions are infrequent, illogical, or missing entirely.

 

Conclusion is limited or missing entirely.

 Introduction is present but incomplete or underdeveloped. 

 

The paper is loosely organized around a thesis that may have to be inferred.

 

Transitions are sporadic.

 

Conclusion is present,

but incomplete or underdeveloped.

 Introduction has a clear opening, provides background 

information, and states the topic.

 

The paper is organized around an arguable, clearly stated thesis statement.

 

Transitions are

appropriate and help

the flow of ideas.

 

Conclusion summarizes main argument and has a clear ending.

 Introduction catches the reader’s attention, provides compelling 

and appropriate background info, and clearly states the topic.

 

The paper is well organized around an arguable, focused thesis.

Thoughtful transitions

clearly show how ideas relate.

 

Conclusion leaves the reader with a sense of closure and provides concluding insights.

 [Score x 2 = 8 pts]
Usage and Mechanics Grammar Spelling 

Sentence structure

 Writing contains numerous errors in spelling, grammar, and/or sentence structure that severely interferes with readability and comprehension. Errors in spelling and grammar exist that somewhat interfere with readability and/or comprehension. Writing follows conventions of spelling and grammar throughout. Errors are infrequent and do not interfere with readability or comprehension. The paper is basically error free in terms of mechanics. Grammar and mechanics help establish a clear idea and aid the reader in following the writer’s logic. [Score x 2 =8 pts]
APA Elements Attribution Paraphrasing Quotations No attempt at APA 

format. Personality Assessment in Public Health Leadership

 APA format is attempted to paraphrase, quote, and cite, but errors are significant. Using APA format, accurately paraphrased, quoted, 

and cited in many spots throughout when appropriate or called

for. Errors present are somewhat minor.

 Using APA format, accurately paraphrased, quoted, and cited throughout the presentation when appropriate or called 

for. Only a few minor errors present.

 [Score x 1 = 4 pts]
Subtotal
Timeliness Late Work penalty:
Total Score / 100

Personality Assessment in Public Health Leadership