1 – Deductive arguments are top-down, working from general principles to specific cases. Inductive reasoning, on the other hand, is bottom-up, working from specific observations and looking for patterns that lead to a general conclusion. Your career path in healthcare and health-related fields will present many problems that will require critical reasoning. Think about potential issues or even issues you have already encountered. Determine what type of critical reasoning – inductive or deductive – best suits the situation – or do you need both? If you are short on ideas, use one of these scenarios as a starting point:· Suppose you are on a committee that has to decide whether to cut nursing staff or social services staff. How would you approach the problem?· Suppose your hospital suddenly sees an enormous increase in emergency room patients, and you are on a committee to investigate the problem and relieve pressure on the ER. How would you approach the problem?2 – Deductive categorical reasoning is demanding. Its forms are rigid, but they are rigid with a reason; deductive categorical arguments are intended to prove the conclusion. If the premises are true and the conclusion logically follows, you have no choice but to accept the argument. The categorical syllogism is like a piece of machinery, the parts working together to produce a result – in the case of the categorical syllogism, the truth of the conclusion.For the initial post, address all of the following:· Explain how the machinery of the categorical syllogisms works.o Why two premises and one conclusion?o Why only three terms?o Why only four standard forms?o When and where, in your private life or your work life, would you want to use this type of reasoning?· Look at “One Step Further” at the end of Chapter 6 or choose from Exercise 6.22, examples 1, 5 or 7. Translate one of the arguments there into a categorical syllogism.Reference For the examplesJackson, D. & Newberry, P. (2016). Critical thinking: A user’s manual (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth: Cengage Learning.3 – Read the following argument examples in this activity.Argument 1Dick and Jane have insured their house and cars with Farmer’s Mutual for 10 years. During this time, they filed only one claim for $500, and the premiums have risen 100%. Two weeks ago, while backing out of the garage, Jane damaged the right fender. They didn’t fix it, and yesterday, while Jane was parked at the supermarket, someone hit the right side of the car, damaging everything but the right fender. When Jane checks the insurance policy, she discovers that while the supermarket accident is covered, the damaged right fender is not.Jane says, “Let’s claim that all the damage happened at the supermarket. It’s only fair. The insurance company has made thousands of dollars from our premiums alone, not to mention all the other people they insure, so they’ll hardly miss the few thousands that their repairs will cost. Many of their friends have done the same – included items that were not part of actual collision damage. It’s unlikely that they we will be discovered, because the fender could easily have been damaged in the collision.”Argument 2In a world where medical resources are in ever-shorter supply, allocation of those resources is becoming an issue. Critical care units (ICU) put heavy demand on hospital resources. Adult medical intensive care units (MICU’s) are often occupied by elderly patients in the final stages of chronic illnesses. Neonatal ICU’s, however, are reserved for premature infants that need critical care in the first few days of life. Surveys of mortality rates in relation to amount of care for both units show that on a cost/benefit basis, outcomes for NICU patients are statistically better than those for MICU patients. Since hospitals should prioritize outcomes, it is clear that resources should be allocated more heavily to the NICU.Using the examples in the introduction of this activity, address the following:1. Briefly analyze each argument as follows:o State the issue and the conclusion.o For each argument, analyze the argument:§ State if it is deductive or inductive.§ Explain how the argument follows the form of an inductive or deductive argument.o Reference words, phrases, the structure of the argument, or any other facts or observations you believe support your claim.2. Diagram the argument.Writing Requirements (APA format)· Length: 1-2 pages total (not including title page or references page)· 1-inch margins· Double spaced· 12-point Times New Roman font· Title page

The Affordable Care Act was signed into law by President Barack Obama in March 2010. Many of the provisions of the law directly affect health care providers. Review the following topic materials:”About the Affordable Care Act””Health Care Transformation: The Affordable Care Act and More”What are the most important elements of the Affordable Care Act in relation to community and public health? What is the role of the nurse in implementing this law?

Case Study, Chapter 10, Mandatory Minimum Staffing RatiosA nurse manager is attending a national convention and is attending a concurrent session on staffing ratios. Minimum staffing ratios are being discussed in the nurse manager’s own state. The nurse manager has a number of questions about staffing ratios that the session is covering. The nurse manager knows that evidence exists that increasing the number of RNs in the staffing mix leads to safer workplaces for nurses and higher quality of care for patients.1. What are the three general approaches recommended by the American Nurses Association (2017) to maintain sufficient staffing?2. Summarize the findings that are often cited as the seminal work in support of establishing minimum staffing ratio legislation at the federal or state level.3. Analyze what proponents and critics say about whether mandatory minimum staffing ratios are needed.

Adverse Event or Near Miss AnalysisDetailsAttempt 1AvailableAttempt 2NotAvailableAttempt 3NotAvailableToggle Drawer  OverviewWrite a 5–7-page a comprehensive analysis on an adverse event or  near miss from your professional nursing experience. Integrate research  and data on the event and use as a basis to propose a quality  improvement (QI) initiative in your current organization.Health care organizations strive for a culture of safety. Yet  despite technological advances, quality care initiatives, oversight,  ongoing education and training, laws, legislation and regulations,  medical errors continue to occur. Some are small and easily remedied  with the patient unaware of the infraction. Others can be catastrophic  and irreversible, altering the lives of patients and their caregivers  and unleashing massive reforms and costly litigation.Show MoreToggle Drawer  ContextThe purpose of the report is to assess whether specific quality  indicators point to improved patient safety, quality of care, cost and  efficiency goals, and other desired metrics. Nurses and other health  professionals with specializations and/or interest in the condition,  disease, or the selected issue are your target audience.Toggle Drawer  Questions to ConsiderAs you prepare to complete this assessment, you may want to think  about other related issues to deepen your understanding or broaden your  viewpoint. You are encouraged to consider the questions below and  discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested  friend, or a member of your professional community. Note that these  questions are for your own development and exploration and do not need  to be completed or submitted as part of your assessment.Show MoreToggle Drawer  ResourcesRequired ResourcesMSN Program JourneyThe following is a useful map that will guide you as you continue  your MSN program. This map gives you an overview of all the steps  required to prepare for your practicum and to complete your degree. It  also outlines the support that will be available to you along the way.MSN Program Journey | Transcript.Show MoreAssessment InstructionsPreparationPrepare a comprehensive analysis on an adverse event or near-miss  from your professional nursing experience that you or a peer  experienced. Integrate research and data on the event and use as a basis  to propose a Quality Improvement (QI) initiative in your current  organization.Note: Remember, you can submit all, or a portion  of, your draft to Smarthinking for feedback, before you submit the final  version of your analysis for this assessment. However, be mindful of  the turnaround time for receiving feedback, if you plan on using this  free service.The numbered points below correspond to grading criteria in the  scoring guide. The bullets below each grading criterion further  delineate tasks to fulfill the assessment requirements. Be sure that  your Adverse Event or Near-miss Analysis addresses all of the content  below. You may also want to read the scoring guide to better understand  the performance levels that relate to each grading criterion.Analyze the missed steps or protocol deviations related to an adverse event or near miss.Describe how the event resulted from a patient’s medical management rather than from the underlying condition.Identify and evaluate the missed steps or protocol deviations that led to the event.Discuss the extent to which the incident was preventable.Research the impact of the same type of adverse event or near miss in other facilities.Analyze the implications of the adverse event or near miss for all stakeholders.Evaluate both short-term and long-term effects on the  stakeholders (patient, family, interprofessional team, facility,  community). Analyze how it was managed and who was involved.Analyze the responsibilities and actions of the  interprofessional team. Explain what measures should have been taken and  identify the responsible parties or roles.Describe any change to process or protocol implemented after the incident.Evaluate quality improvement technologies related to the event that are required to reduce risk and increase patient safety.Analyze the quality improvement technologies that were put in  place to increase patient safety and prevent a repeat of similar events.Determine whether the technologies are being utilized appropriately.Explore how other institutions integrated solutions to prevent these types of events.Incorporate relevant metrics of the adverse event or near miss incident to support need for improvement.Identify the salient data that is associated with the adverse  event or near miss that is generated from the facility’s dashboard. (By  dashboard, we mean the data that is generated from the information  technology platform that provides integrated operational, financial,  clinical, and patient safety data for health care management.)Analyze what the relevant metrics show.Explain research or data related to the adverse event or near  miss that is available outside of your institution. Compare internal  data to external data.Outline a quality improvement initiative to prevent a future adverse event or near miss.Explain how the process or protocol is now managed and monitored in your facility.Evaluate how other institutions addressed similar incidents or events.Analyze QI initiatives developed to prevent similar incidents,  and explain why they are successful. Provide evidence of their success.Propose solutions for your selected institution that can be implemented to prevent future adverse events or near-miss incidents.Communicate analysis and proposed initiative in a professional  and effective manner, writing content clearly and logically with correct  use of grammar, punctuation, and spelling.Integrate relevant sources to support arguments, correctly formatting citations and references using current APA style.Submission RequirementsLength of submission: A minimum of five but no more than seven double-spaced, typed pages.Number of references: Cite a minimum of three sources (no older  than seven years, unless seminal work) of scholarly or professional  evidence that support your evaluation, recommendations, and plans.APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to current APA style and formatting.Assessment 1 Ex