Nervous System and Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology Paper

Week 8 Assignment NURS-6501 Advanced pathophysiology
Module 5: Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disorders
What’s Happening This Module?
Module 5: Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disorders is a 2-week module, Weeks 7 and 8 of the course. In this module, you will examine fundamental concepts of diseases and disorders that impact neurological and musculoskeletal systems. You will also evaluate the impact of patient characteristics, including racial and ethnic variables, on physiological functioning within these systems.
Week 8: Concepts of Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disorders – Part 2
As homeowners know all too well, there is a continuous need for maintenance and repair. Some efforts are precautionary in nature, while others are the result of issues that surface over time.
Similarly, musculoskeletal disorders can develop over time. For some disorders, such as osteoporosis, precautionary treatments are a potential option. But much like issues that surface in a home over time, many musculoskeletal issues can be very serious concerns, and they can have a significant impact on patients’ lives.
This week, you continue to examine fundamental concepts of neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. You explore common disorders that impact these systems and you apply the key terms and concepts that help communicate the pathophysiological nature of these issues to patients.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
Analyze processes related to neurological and musculoskeletal disorders
Identify racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning
Evaluate the impact of patient characteristics on disorders and altered physiology

Module 5 Assignment: Case Study Analysis

An understanding of the neurological and musculoskeletal systems is a critically important component of disease and disorder diagnosis and treatment. This importance is magnified by the impact that that these two systems can have on each other. A variety of factors and circumstances affecting the emergence and severity of issues in one system can also have a role in the performance of the other.
Effective analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond these systems and their mutual impact. For example, patient characteristics such as, racial and ethnic variables can play a role. Nervous System and Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology Paper

An understanding of the symptoms of alterations in neurological and musculoskeletal systems is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment. For APRNs this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.
In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.

To prepare: TUTOR WILL ANSWER

By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study scenario for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.
Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)
In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following:
Both the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes that would account for the patient presenting these symptoms.(tutor see my note down below)
Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
How these processes interact to affect the patient.( tutor see my note down below)

Day 7 of Week 8
Submit your Case Study Analysis Assignment by Day 7 of Week 8.
Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The sample paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates). All papers submitted must use this formatting.

WEEK #8 TOPIC
Posted on: Wednesday, April 14, 2021 12:00:00 AM EDT

Scenario 1: 74-year-old male with a history of hypertension and smoking, is having dinner with his wife when he develops sudden onset of difficulty speaking, with drooling from the left side of his mouth, and weakness in his left hand. His wife asks him if he is all right and the patient denies any difficulty. His symptoms progress over the next 10 minutes until he cannot lift his arm and has trouble standing. The patient continues to deny any problems. The wife sits the man in a chair and calls 911. The EMS squad arrives within 5 minutes. Upon arrival in the ED, patient‘s blood pressure was 178/94, pulse 78 and regular, PaO2 97% on room air. Neuro exam – Cranial nerves- Mild left facial droop. Motor- Right arm and leg extremity with 5/5 strength. Left arm cannot resist gravity, left leg with mild drift. Sensation intact. Neglect- Mild neglect to left side of body. Language- Expressive and receptive language intact. NURS 6501 Nervous System and Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology Paper
Mild to moderate dysarthria. Able to protect airway.

This is My interpretation of the case scenario for tutor to know. I am giving this information to apply to this assignment make sure do not copy and paste the university has a turn it in system that will give a % of plagiarism. “Assignment has to be less than 45%” it has to be original, please.

Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVAs) or (Strokes Syndromes) there are 2 types 1-hemorrhagic stroke is 10%(fast an more fatal because bleeding in the brain), and 2- Ischemic 87% (Thrombotic or embolic ) Thrombotic occlusion of main cerebral artery due to a blood clot or fat atheroma (plague within the artery) occlusion of main arteries that carries blood to brain tissue such as carotid arteries or main cerebral arterial vessels result in a ischemic stroke it is slowly, less fatal more common than hemorrhagic stroke are the leading cause of disability, the third cause of death in woman, and the fifth leading cause of death in men in the United States. About 75% occurs among those older than 65 years of age. There is a decline in ischemic strokes among white but not in blacks. Racial/ethnic variables The incident of stroke is about 150% greater in blacks than whites. Strokes tends to run in families.
This case scenario patient is experiencing a possible hemorrhagic stroke ( high blood pressure 178/94) normal blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg. NURS 6501 Nervous System and Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology Paper
Pathophysioplogy; The lesion most likely is on the Somatic Cortical motor area. Affected right side hemisphere of the brain will cause a contralateral ( means opposite side of the body) hemiparesis or hemiplegia greater in face and arm than leg. If right side of brain is affected it will affect the left side of the body and vice versa. He is has left side facial droop, (left side of his mouth drooling), affecting the whole left side weakness of left hand that progresses to inability to lift his arm over 10 minutes, then he is unable to stand up due to left leg weakness ( mild drift). Patient is showing left side of the body weakness which is called hemiplegia. Sensory neurons carry impulses from peripheral sensory receptors to the Central Nervous System (CNS). Motor neurons transmit impulses away from CNS to effector organ (example, skeletal muscle or organs) In this case the right middle cerebral artery that perfuse (bring blood) to Cortical motor area is affected causing interruption of impulses down the motor pathways corticospinal and cortibulbar pyramidal tracts; and the extrapyramidal reticulospinal, vestibulospinal, and rubrospinal tracts. In this case scenario the sensation is intact (He feels touch), but can not move ( motor affected) his left upper extremity, and left leg mild drift (weakness) he can not resist gravity, this indicate that the motor neurons are affected by interruption in the nerve impulses as I mention above. Language-Expressive and receptive is intact because the Broca area is located on the left hemisphere in the inferior frontal lobe and it is the most important center for speech and language processing, injury to this area will result in difficulty forming words (expressive aphasia or dysphasia). This patient shows mild dysarthria ( unable to articulate words properly) due interference with deep fibers crossing through the nondominant hemisphere. Patient is breathing ok PaO2 is 97% on room air the lung are fine. This is clinical symptoms is 100% related to the CNS. Nervous System and Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology Paper
Risk factors include the following:
Poorly or uncontrolled blood pressure normal BP 120/80 mmHg.
Smoking, which increase the risk for stroke by 50 %
Insulin resistant and diabetes mellitus
Polycythemia and thrombocytopenia
High total cholesterol
Congestive heart failure and peripheral vascular disease
Atrial fibrillation
Obesity/ Physical inactivity
Family history and genetics
Sleep apnea
Sickle cell disease
Post menopausal hormone therapy
High sodium intake > 2300 mg and low potassium < 4700 mg in the diet.
Depression
Thank you tutor for reading my clinical interpretation of this case scenario.

 

 

Learning Resources

Required Readings

McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.
Chapter 15: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems (stop at Aging and the nervous system)
Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function (stop at Sleep); Summary Review
o   Chapter 17: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function; pp. 504–511, pp. 516–530 (start at Acute confusional states and delirium) (stop at Alterations in neuromotor functions); (Parkinson’s Disease); Summary Review
Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction (stop at Degenerative disorders of the spine); (start at Cerebrovascular disorders) (stop at Tumors of the central nervous system); Summary Review
Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System (stop at Components of muscle function); Summary Review
Chapter 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function (stop at Bone tumors); (start at Disorders of joints); Summary Review

ORDER  A PLAGIARISM FREE PAPER  NOW

Chin, L. S. (2018). Spinal cord injuries. Retrieved from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/793582-overview#a4

Required Media (click to expand/reduce)

Khan Academy. (2019b). Ischemic stroke. Retrieved from ttps://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/circulatory-system-diseases/stroke/v/ischemic-stroke
Note: The approximate length of the media program is 8 minutes.

Osmosis.org. (2019, June 12). Osteoporosis – causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jUQ_tt_zJDo
Note: The approximate length of the media program is 9 minutes. Nervous System and Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology Paper

Online Media from Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
In addition to this week’s media, it is highly recommended that you access and view the resources included with the course text, Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. Focus on the videos and animations in Chapters 15, 16, 18, and the sections of Chapters 44 and 45 that relate to the neurological and musculoskeletal systems. Refer to the Learning Resources in Week 1 for registration instructions. If you have already registered, you may access the resources at https://evolve.elsevier.com/

See Rubric Detail for grading

NURS_6501_Module5_Case Study_Assignment_Rubric

Excellent
Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis, examining the patient symptoms presented in the case study. Be sure to address the following:

Explain both the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes of why the patient presents these symptoms. 28 (28%) – 30 (30%)
The response accurately and thoroughly describes the patient symptoms.( tutor see my note)

The response includes accurate, clear, and detailed explanations of both the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes of patients who present these symptoms and is supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.( tutor see my note)
Explain how the highlighted processes interact to affect the patient. 28 (28%) – 30 (30%)
The response includes an accurate, complete, detailed, and specific explanation of how the highlighted processes interact to affect the patient and is supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.( tutor see my note)
Explain any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning. 23 (23%) – 25 (25%)
The response includes an accurate, complete, detailed, and specific explanation of racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological (tutor see my intrerpretation note)functioning and is supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.
Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization:
Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction are provided that delineate all required criteria. 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.

A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion are provided that delineate all required criteria.
Written Expression and Formatting – English Writing Standards:
Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.
Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Uses correct APA format with no errors. Nervous System and Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology Paper
Total Points: 100
Name: NURS_6501_Module5_Case Study_Assignment_Rubric