Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility Assignment

 

Jamie is a 3-month-old female who presents with her mother for evaluation of “throwing up.” Mom reports that Jamie has been throwing up pretty much all the time since she was born. Jamie does not seem to be sick. In fact, she drinks her formula vigorously and often acts hungry. Jamie has normal soft brown bowel movements every day and, overall, seems like a happy and contented baby. She smiles readily and does not cry often. Other than the fact that she often throws up after drinking a bottle, she seems to be a very healthy, happy infant. A more precise history suggests that Jamie does not exactly throw up—she does not heave or act unwell—but rather it just seems that almost every time she drinks a bottle she regurgitates a milky substance. Mom thought that she might be allergic to her formula and switched her to a hypoallergenic formula. It didn’t appear to help at all, and now Mom is very concerned. Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility Assignment

Cases like these are not uncommon. The mother was concerned and thinking her daughter may have an allergy; she changed to a different formula. However, sometimes babies have immature GI tracts that can lead to physiology reflux as they adapt to normal life outside the uterus. Parents often do not consider this possibility, prompting them to change formulas rather than seeking medical care. As in the case study above, GI alterations can often be difficult to identify because many cause similar symptoms. This same issue also arises with adults—adults may present with symptoms that have various potential causes. When evaluating patients, it is important for the advanced practice nurse to know the types of questions he or she needs to ask to obtain the appropriate information for diagnosis. For this reason, you must have an understanding of common GI disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and gastritis.

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To Prepare

• Review this week’s media presentation on the gastrointestinal system.
• Review Chapter 35 in the Huether and McCance text. Identify the normal pathophysiology of gastric acid stimulation and production.
• Review Chapter 37 in the Huether and McCance text. Consider the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and gastritis. Think about how these disorders are similar and different.
• Select a patient factor different from the one you selected in this week’s Discussion: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Consider how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of GERD, PUD, and gastritis. Reflect on how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on this factor. Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility Assignment
• Review the “Mind Maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in the Week 2 Learning Resources. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct a mind map for gastritis. Consider the epidemiology and clinical presentation of gastritis. Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility Assignment

To Complete

Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:

• Describe the normal pathophysiology of gastric acid stimulation and production. Explain the changes that occur to gastric acid stimulation and production with GERD, PUD, and gastritis disorders.
• Explain how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of GERD, PUD, and gastritis. Describe how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected.
• Construct a mind map for gastritis. Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation, as well as the diagnosis and treatment you explained in your paper. Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility Assignment

 

Title of the Paper in Full Goes Here

Student Name Here

Walden University

Course Number, Section, and Title

(Example: NURS 0000 Section 01, Title of Course)

Month, Day, Year

(enter the date submitted to instructor)

 

Title of the Paper

1. Briefly detail what has been said or done regarding the topic.
2. Explain the problem with what has been said or done.
3. Create a purpose statement (also commonly referred to as a thesis statement) as the last sentence of this paragraph: “The purpose of this paper is to describe…”.

Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)

This text will be the beginning of the body of the paper. Even though this section has a new heading, make sure to connect this section to the previous one so readers can follow along with the ideas and research presented. The first sentence, or topic sentence, in each paragraph should transition from the previous paragraph and summarize the main point in the paragraph. Make sure each paragraph addresses only one topic. When you see yourself drifting to another idea, make sure you break into a new paragraph. Avoid long paragraphs that are more than three-fourths of a page.  Per our program recommendations, each paragraph should be at least 3-4 sentences in length and contain a topic sentence, evidence, analysis, and a conclusion or lead out sentence. In your paragraphs, synthesize your resources/readings into your own words and avoid using direct quotations. In the rare instances you do use a direct quotation of a historical nature from a source, the page or paragraph numbers are also included in the citation. For example, Leplante and Nolin (2014) described burnout as “a negative affective response occurring as result of chronic work stress” (p. 2). When you transition to a new idea, you should begin a new paragraph.

Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)

Here is another Level 1 heading. Again, the topic sentence of this section should explain how this paragraph is related to or a result of what you discussed in the previous section. Consider using transitions between sentences to help readers see the connections between ideas.

Be sure to credit your source(s) in your paper using APA style. The APA Manual 6^th edition and the Walden Writing Center are your best citation resources. Writing Center resources are available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations. You must appropriately and correctly cite all works used in your document.

The following paragraph provides examples of in-text citation examples.  According to Leplante (2014), employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work.  Or you might write and cite in this manner: Employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work (Leplante, 2014). When paraphrasing, the author name and year of publication in citations is required by APA to direct the reader to a specific source in the reference list. Personal communications are not listed in the reference page but are noted in text as (S. Wall, personal communication, May 24, 2018). This should immediately follow the content of the interview.

Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)

APA can seem difficult to master, but following the general rules becomes easier with use. The Writing Center also offers numerous APA resources on its website and can answer your questions via  email . Prior to submitting your paper for grading, submit your draft to SafeAssign Drafts found in the left column of your course.

And so forth until the conclusion….

Conclusion

The conclusion section should recap the major points of your paper. Do not introduce new ideas in this paragraph; the conclusion should interpret what you have written and what it means in the bigger picture. Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility Assignment

 

References

Please note that the following references are intended as examples only. List your own references in alphabetical order.  Also, these illustrate different types of references; you are responsible for any citations not included in this list. In your paper, be sure every reference entry matches a citation, and every citation refers to an item in the reference list.

Journal Article; One Author; DOI

Leplante, J. P. (2014). Consultas and socially responsible investing in Guatemala: A case study examining Maya perspectives on the Indigenous right to free, prior, and informed consent. Society & Natural Resources, 27(4), 231–248. doi:10.1080/08941920.2013.861554

Journal Article, Two Authors; URL

Eaton, T. V., & Akers, M. D. (2007). Whistleblowing and good governance. CPA Journal, 77(6), 66–71. Retrieved from http://www.cpajournal.com/

Journal Article, Three to Six Authors; URL

Rasmussen, A., Hopkins, B., & Fitzpatrick, C. (2004). Systematic review. CPU Journal, 6(9), 44-51.  Retrieved from http/www.cpujournal.com/

Journal Article, Seven Authors or more; DOI

Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., Harlow, T., Asgaard, G.,….Bach, J. S. (1993). There’s more to self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(9) 1190-1204.  doi:10.1080/08941920.2013.861554

 

 

Book; One Author

Weinstein, J. A. (2010). Social change (3rd ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

Book; Chapter in an Edited Book

Christensen, L. (2001). For my people: Celebrating community through poetry. In B. Bigelow, B. Harvey, S. Karp, & L. Miller (Eds.), Rethinking our classrooms: Teaching for equity and justice (Vol. 2; pp. 16–17). Milwaukee, WI: Rethinking Schools. Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility Assignment

Professional Organization Article

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). Nutrition. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/

Professional Organization Web page

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Back to school. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/features/teens-back-to-school/index.html

Professional Organization Book

American Nurses Association. (2010). Nursing: Scope and standards of practice (2nd ed.). Silver Spring, MD: Author.

Two or more works by same author in the same year

Wall, S. (2018a). Effects of friendship on children’s behavior. Journal of Social Psychology, 4(1), 101-105.

Wall, S. (2018b). Trials of parenting adolescents with deviant behaviors. Journal of Child Psychology, 4(12), 167-161.

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Government Article

National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility Assignment

Lecture Notes

Health effects of exposure to forest fires [Lecture notes]. (2005). Retrieved from https://class.waldenu.edu

Personal Communication (Only Goes in Body of Paper and not in References)

Video/DVD

Laureate Education (Producer). (2009). Title of program here [DVD]. In Title of video here. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Television (Audio)

Important, I. M. (Producer). (1990, November 1). The nightly news hour [Television broadcast]. New York, NY: Central Broadcasting Service.

APA Resources

You have other several options to assist you in the formulation of your reference page.

• Your American Psychological Association (APA) Manual is your best reference resource. Use the current edition with a copyright date of 2009.
• The Walden Writing Center also a great place for referencing advice at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/references.
• Citation and reference examples are provided in the ‘BSN TOP Ten References and Citations” handout found in the Writing Resources tab of the course. This document covers the 10 most commonly used reference and citation formats. You are responsible to look up any that are not included on this list. Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility Assignment