Assignment: Analyzing Group Techniques

Group therapy can alleviate feelings of isolation and foster a supportive and collaborative environment for sharing difficult feelings in order to facilitate healing. For many people, being part of a group that has a shared understanding of a struggle provides a unique opportunity to gain an understanding of their own experiences.

As you examine one of the group therapy demonstrations from this week’s Learning Resources, consider the role and efficacy of the leader and the reasons that specific therapeutic techniques were selected. Assignment: Analyzing Group Techniques

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To prepare:

Select one of the group therapy video demonstrations from this week’s required media Learning Resources.

The Assignment
In a 3- to 4-page paper, identify the video you selected and address the following:

1. What group therapy techniques were demonstrated? How well do you believe these techniques were demonstrated?
2. What evidence from the literature supports the techniques demonstrated?
3. What did you notice that the therapist did well?
4. Explain something that you would have handled differently.
5. What is an insight that you gained from watching the therapist handle the group therapy?

Now imagine you are leading your own group session.

1. How would you go about handling a difficult situation with a disruptive group member? How would you elicit participation in your group?
2. What would you anticipate finding in the different phases of group therapy?
3. What do you see as the benefits and challenges of group therapy?

Support your reasoning with at least three peer-reviewed, evidence-based sources, and explain why each of your supporting sources is considered scholarly. Attach the PDFs of your sources.
By Day 7.

Solution

Assignment: Analyzing Group Techniques

Group therapies alleviate isolation feelings and enhance a supportive and collaborative environment that allows members to share difficult feelings to attain healing. Group therapy is a form of counseling effective for treating psychological disorders that include substance abuse and addiction. The purpose of this assignment is to analyze group therapy techniques. The selected group therapy video is by the Center for Addiction Treatment Studies that focus on Interpersonal Group Therapy for Addiction Recovery.

Demonstrated Group Therapy Techniques& Evidence from Literature

Addiction is a complicated disease that affects many areas of an individual’s life. Studies show that group therapy is an approach shown to be effective in treating substance use disorders, especially with a view of preventing potential relapses among clients. Group therapy is a powerful component of addiction recovery as connecting with peers suffering from similar challenges assists in reducing the shame and isolation that accompany addiction. The approach also reminds one that they are not alone in their struggles. Therefore, group therapy offers a safe place for the addiction recovery victims to be vulnerable and share all their worries, discomforts, and shame, as demonstrated in the video by Jimmy. Assignment: Analyzing Group Techniques

The video demonstrates a host of interpersonal group therapy techniques like vulnerability and shame that Jimmy, the supportive and collaborative approach that members of the group show to him, and the non-interference role in sharing that the therapist plays. These techniques are essential in interpersonal group therapy as they allow members to share their secrets and gain trust and confidence in the group. Jimmy makes disclosures about how he started using drugs. This happens when a group has sufficient cohesiveness and readiness by the individual to reveal. Disclosures like Jimmy’s should never be forced, especially by the therapist. Disclosures show trust in the group and take risks by members to reveal their past secrets.

Evidence from existing literature supports the interpersonal group techniques noticed in the video. Firstly, the commentary by Devin Ashwood, an interpersonal group therapy teacher, supports the techniques as he asserts that interpersonal group therapies offer benefits like enhanced trust and the ability to make disclosures. However, they also show that members can be vulnerable and at risk of sharing personal information. Dingle et al. (2017) show that interpersonal group therapies can enhance emotional regulations and allow participants to feel more comfortable. The study observes that people suffering from substance use disorder (SUD) have difficulties expressing their emotions’ awareness, feelings, and regulations. As a scholarly source, the article shows evidence of the benefits of using group therapies based on its research findings. The implication is that these people require interventions that can help them deal with challenges associated with addiction recovery.

Therapists can also find challenges dealing with the management of complicated group matter due to their limited experiences and training and over-dependence on educational groups (Mahon & Leszcz, 2017). The other technique in the video and supported by literature is the interpersonal group therapy process stages that include here-and-now, and formation of genuine interpersonal and genuine relationships occurs. Another source of evidence is the Niedermoser et al. (2020) study that focuses on the benefits of interpersonal group psychotherapy among individuals with major depressive disorders. The study shows that these therapies enhance life at work for these individuals to perform better in their lives.

Therapist Doing Well

Interpersonal group therapies focus on members of the group and their abilities to interact with each other well. One notices that the therapist does well not interfere in the discussion. The therapist does not offer any opinion but allows the group members to offer potential solutions to Jimmy based on their past and using the interpersonal group therapy stages. Assignment: Analyzing Group Techniques

Doing Something Differently

Therapists offering counsel, especially for addiction recovery, need sufficient skills, knowledge, and experience to control the process effectively. As illustrated, group therapies focus on clients and how they can attain more trust and confidence to share their challenges and past experiences dealing with their conditions. Based on the video, I would do differently to ensure that all members can participate in giving Jimmy their trust to improve cohesion in the group.

Insight Gained on Handling of Group Therapy

Handling group therapy requires a therapist to know the kind of therapy they will use to encourage members to participate and feel confident and comfortable, especially cohesion among them. A core insight attained from watching the therapist handle the therapy is that allowing members to share their experiences and difficulties without interference is important. The approach is essential in attaining each stage of the group therapy, right from here-and-now to more complex, difficult dynamics that need more attention.

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Leading a Group Session

Leading group therapy sessions, especially using the interpersonal group approach, requires a therapist to have sufficient experience and skills to handle the complex nature of these settings. Handling a difficult situation with a disruptive member of the group requires one to incorporate a collaborative approach where all members share their sentiments on such conduct and implore the perpetrator to focus on the main goals of the therapy. Further, a therapist can elicit participation by handling the group as one of the members and not questioning responses.

Anticipated findings

Different phases of interpersonal group therapy lead to in-depth findings and the development of trust. Therefore, I anticipate that group members will gain more trust, share their experiences, and benefit from the vulnerabilities that they have through the disclosures of others.

Benefits and Challenges of Group Therapy

Group therapy provides several benefits that include increased awareness, participation, and sharing of vulnerabilities. The therapy also allows clients to make fundamental disclosures to their overall good (Mahon & Leszcz, 2017). However, discomfort in the early stages, development of trust, and feelings of shame are challenges that make the therapy difficult to use. Difficulties in facilitation are evident, as demonstrated by the article by Wendt & Gone (2018), who assert that complex dynamics are a significant challenge to these therapies. Individuals are afraid of making disclosures of their past secrets to attain recovery or healing.

Conclusion

The use of interpersonal group therapy among individuals recovering from drug addiction is effective as it allows them to share experiences and enhance trust. Therapists can only guide the process but not control it. Despite these therapies’ challenges, they contain several benefits for clients and practitioners. Assignment: Analyzing Group Techniques

References

Center for Addiction Treatment Studies (2016). Interpersonal Group Therapy for Addiction

Recovery Demonstration.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szS31h0kMI0

Dingle, G. A., Neves, D. D. C., Alhadad, S. S., & Hides, L. (2018). Individual and interpersonal

emotion regulation among adults with substance use disorders and matched controls. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57(2), 186-202. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12168

Mahon, L., & Leszcz, M. (2017). The interpersonal model of group psychotherapy. International

Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 67(sup1), S121-S130. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207284.2016.1218286

Niedermoser, D. W., Kalak, N., Kiyhankhadiv, A., Brand, S., Walter, C., Schweinfurth, N., &

Lang, U. E. (2020). Workplace-related interpersonal group psychotherapy to improve life at work in individuals with major depressive disorders: a randomized interventional pilot study. Frontiers in psychiatry, 11, 168.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00168

Wendt, D. C., & Gone, J. P. (2018). Complexities with group therapy facilitation in substance

use disorder specialty treatment settings. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 88, 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.02.002

POLICY ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK PAPER

POLICY ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK PAPER

Purpose: This assignment will enhance your Skills in political analysis and strategies aimed at influencing policy changes.

****** The Policy I am supporting to be passed is the H. R. 1474: Alzheimer’s Caregiver’s Support Act
https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/117/hr1474

******I am a resident in the state of Texas*****

Directions: Upload a 5 paged double spaced paper (excluding cover page and reference page)
1. Define Context of the Policy Issue/ Problem: Briefly describe the political context for the issue under examination. Include the socio-political, economic, ethical, historical, cultural factors relevant to the issue. This step is crucial in forming the basis for the policy analysis. Include the 5Ws and H (who, what, when, where, why and how) aspects of the issue. Provide a specific practice based concern or public health issue of concern at State or National level.
2. Policy Lenses: Briefly discuss how your personal values, beliefs, experiences, ethics, political philosophies and ideologies guide your views about the issue. POLICY ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK PAPER
3. Describe a specific policy framework/model of choice that applies to your issue
4. Evidence Based Policy Change: Discuss research and evidence based policy change strategies and options to address the issue. Using a balanced approach discuss at least two alternative policy responses for consideration Examine the “best practices” of other agencies, as well as emerging policy proposals.
5. Apply the selected model/framework and analyze the political feasibility of solving the issue using the selected framework. What are the key concepts in the model/framework? How does your policy issue fit within this framework? What are the barriers and facilitators in addressing the issue? How can you advance this issue on the policy agenda? Who holds the power to advance this issue? What networks and coalitions exist that are involved in this issue
6. Recommendations: Of the two policy alternatives you presented, end your policy analysis with a summary of the preferred policy option. Justify why this option is preferred. Conclude with a discussion of the implications for nursing leadership policy and practice.

Criteria Possible Points(100) Points Earned Comments
Policy Issue Description: Provide comprehensive overview of health policy issue to include socio-economic, political, cultural and ethical aspects of the issue 10
Policy Lenses: discuss how values, beliefs, experiences, political philosophy, and political ideologies influence decision making 20
Policy Analysis Framework: Describe and apply a specific policy framework/model of choice to the health policy issue of interest 20
Evidence Based Policy Change: Discuss research and evidence based policy change strategies and options to address the issue. Using a balanced approach discuss at least two alternative policy responses for consideration 20
Recommendations: Provide justification for policy recommendation and discuss implications for nursing health policy and practice 20
Clear grammar, spelling, writing style, references, double spaced paper within five page limit (excluding references and title page) and APA style. Headings are expected. Please use the grading criterial items for headings. 10

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Solution

Policy Implementation

The Alzheimer’s Caregiver Support Act in the 117th Congress on March 1, 2021, by Ms. Waters. The bill aimed at authorizing grants for training and supportive services for the families and the unpaid caregivers of the people living with Alzheimer’s disease or dementia related to the health condition. The grants cover for the training of the untrained caregivers living with the patients in enhancing knowledge on how to care for the patients, cope with stress in handling the patients, planning for the care, solving the problems emanating from their duties, and managing the behavioral symptoms presented by the patients (ALZ, 2021). The Act initiated educational value to the caregivers of dementia patients in ensuring quality life by encouraging the patients to participate in daily activities and tasks and understanding their illnesses or injuries that need care.

Caregiving services for dementia patients require more time than the other forms of caregiving. The increased time needed to take care of the patients reduces the capacity of the caregivers to develop economically. According to ALZ (2021), caregivers of people with dementia in 2019 provided 18.6 billion hours of unpaid assistance cumulatively. This indicates that the caregivers use much of their time offering unpaid care for the specified population, thus limiting their social value with other people and personal economic developments. Handling dementia patients is distressing, and thus the caregivers need training and other financial assistance in coping with the distressing conditions and meeting the stressing economic needs. In a study, 49% of the caregivers for dementia patients acknowledged being distressed compared to 35% of caregivers of the patients or people without dementia (ALZ, 2021). This shows the economic and social burden of unpaid caregivers. It is ethical to appreciate the caregivers in motivating them to provide safe, ethical, and professional care to the patients. Seidel & Thyrian (2019) indicated that high levels of dependency among dementia patients and the distressing factor among the caregivers increase the prevalence of physical and sexual violence against dementia patients. This shows the importance of the bill in improving the professionalism and psychological wellbeing of the caregivers. POLICY ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK PAPER

Policy Lenses

My personal beliefs and values guide me in supporting the bill for providing grants to unpaid caregivers. I am a committed and reliable advocate for patients within the nursing profession, and thus in valuing health, I support the motions focused on improving the quality of health and patient care. I believe that people should provide healthcare services with a higher capacity, specially trained on how to provide the services, to positively impact the patients. Provision of patient care with knowledge limitations increases the risks of making unprofessional mistakes that may lead to health risks, ethical malpractices, and poor patient interpersonal relationships. The caregivers should thus be trained to understand the basic and best ways to handle patients with dementia. Being a nurse professional and through experience, I have learned that a distressed caregiver is prone to punching the same to the healthcare recipient, and thus, limiting the distress encourages the professional to observe ethical principles and provide quality care. I believe in the socialistic political philosophies that are built not on individualism but societal gain. Socialism rejects the desire to count on the personal gain without focusing on other people’s needs, as it is in the liberal or conservative philosophies. Quality healthcare is a right to everyone and not a privilege to some members of society. A socialistic view thus encourages to devise a plan to equalize the quality of care for those underpaid professional caregiving services and those under unpaid caregiving. In this context, the unpaid caregivers may provide uninformed and unqualified care to the patients with dementia which causes disparity in care compared to those under professional nurse care. Provision of professional training and support to the caregivers thus balances the quality of care for the specified population. POLICY ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK PAPER

Policy Framework/ Model

There are various policy models applicable to the policy implementation process. The most applicable policy framework for the described policy is the multiple streams policy model, popularly known as Kingdon’s model. According to the model, formulation and implementation of a policy happen when the three streams converge in accepting the terms of solving the issue (Judy Gregg et al., 2018). The first stream is the problem stream which involves the identification and definition of the problem. A problem, not a condition, is a consistent issue that needs to be resolved. It concerns a public matter that has been recognized as a problem. The policy stream involves the change proposals in addressing the problem identified. The policy stream provides a list of proposals driven by the interest groups such as activists and professional associations. The policy stream puts the demands for change through various policy change proposals. The academicians and researchers in Texas should seek evidence on the impact of grants to the unpaid caregivers and support the intervention. The politics stream entails political issues in collaborating the efforts and resources to consider the policy impacts and costs. This constitutes the pressure groups campaigns and the administrative or legislative activities that weigh on various factors about the identified problem and the projected solutions through the policy stream (Macaulay & Focsa, 2016). This is the role of the professional bodies of healthcare providers and the legislature in determining the effectiveness of the provided policy proposals. According to the model, convergence of the three streams forms an opportunity window for policy change. This model applies to the identified problem of poor quality of caregiving services and wellbeing of the unpaid caregivers.

Evidence-Based Policy Change

The provision of quality healthcare is dependent on the wellbeing of the care providers, the availability of resources, and the professional capacity of the healthcare providers. The major problem identified by the bill is the inadequacy in the quality of care to the dementia patients by the unpaid caregivers. One quality of the unpaid caregivers is that they lack the training and professionalism in caring for the patients and thus the poor quality. Training improves the skills on handling healthcare-related issues and the psychological issues revolving around the patient and resulting from the dementia condition. Weir et al. (2021) conducted a systematic review on the effectiveness of caregiver training for informal caregivers assisting patients diagnosed with neurological disorders. The researchers established that the training contributed to improved quality of services and wellbeing of the patients compared to their performance before the intervention. The training improved the levels of confidence among the unpaid caregivers in delivering care.

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Payment is used as a motivation and compensation for services delivered. Even though caregiving is much of a call to help other people gain health and wellbeing, payments and stipends motivate the caregivers to provide the caregiving services even in meeting the challenges. Caregiving for the patients suffering from dementia takes a lot of time, requiring concentration on the behaviors and activities of the patients, an indication that the caregivers have less time for their personal development and social life. This may lead to disinterest in caregiving and depression due to strains and thus negatively impact their caregiving processes. Reckrey et al. (2021) conducted a study on the impact of paying family caregivers caring for dementia patients on the quality of care. According to the study, caregivers who received part-time and zero payment lacked emotional attachment to the caregiving activities and performed poorly compared to those who received quality appreciation. This shows that appreciation to the family caregivers for dementia patients improves the quality of care and wellbeing of the caregivers.

The bill provides a solution of providing grants to unpaid caregivers to be trained on effective caregiving. This training includes how to effectively handle the patients, cope with the distressing care, and ensure quality care and relationship with the patients. This strategy largely focuses on the training measure that increases the knowledge on quality care. An alternative strategy in solving the problem is increasing the healthcare coverage to incorporate the professional healthcare providers in the caregiving process to collaborate with the unpaid caregivers for quality improvement in care. Additionally, the government can include the unpaid caregivers in the plan of optimal pay and incorporate the local healthcare providers such as public health nurses in training and inducting the caregivers.

Recommendation

Providing grants for both training and stipends for unpaid caregivers may largely impact the quality of care for dementia patients. Caregiving is a physically, emotionally, and financially draining role that requires general support from all stakeholders. Increased emotional, financial, and physical stability project an equal quality in care for dependent patients such as dementia patients. The provision of payments would thus help improve and cover the financial deficits, compensating the caregivers for their time and energy in caring for dementia patients. This, to their functions as an appreciation for their services to the patients. Clark (2021) points out that paying family caregivers is possible since some states in the United States are doing it and are helping improve the quality of care. Some states, such as California, New York, and Washington, have formalized paying family caregivers through Medicaid plans. Education and training of unpaid family caregivers are essential in improving the quality of care. Paying for education can be difficult for Texas and thus can encourage the paid caregivers to seek education and collaboration with the local healthcare providers for improved skills. Through a study, Burgdorf et al. (2019) established that the family caregivers who received payments were four times more likely to seek training and education programs. POLICY ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK PAPER

 

 

References

ALZ. (2021). Bipartisan Legislation to Expand Caregiver Training and Support Introduced in 117th Congress. Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. https://www.alz.org/news/2021/bipartisan-legislation-to-expand-caregiver-training

Burgdorf, J., Roth, D. L., Riffin, C., & Wolff, J. L. (2019). Factors Associated With Receipt of Training Among Caregivers of Older Adults. JAMA internal medicine, 179(6), 833–835. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.8694

Clark, A. (2021, September 13). What States Pay Family Caregivers in 2021? The Senior List. https://www.theseniorlist.com/caregiving/caregiver-funding-by-state/

Judy Gregg, D. N. P., Miller, J., & Tennant, K. F. (2018). Nurse policy entrepreneurship in a rural community: A multiple streams framework approach. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 23(3), 1-11.

Macaulay, R., & Focsa, S. (2016). What Is The Value of a QALY? If Spending $10,000 on a Holiday for a Patient Produces a Greater Rise in Patient QALYs than an End-Of-Life Treatment of Similar Cost, Should a Health System Pay for One, For Both, Or Neither?. Value in Health, 19(3), A295.

Reckrey, J. M., Boerner, K., Franzosa, E., Bollens-Lund, E., & Ornstein, K. A. (2021). Paid Caregivers in the Community-Based Dementia Care Team: Do Family Caregivers Benefit?. Clinical Therapeutics.

Seidel, D., & Thyrian, J. R. (2019). The burden of caring for people with dementia–comparing family caregivers and professional caregivers. A descriptive study. Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare, 12, 655.

Weir, R. L., Danilovich, M. K., & Hoover, D. L. (2021). A systematic review of the effectiveness of caregiver training with functional mobility tasks for informal caregivers assisting patients with neurological diagnoses. Disability and Rehabilitation, 1-8. POLICY ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK PAPER

PHN 652- TOPIC 3-Assignment-Data Collection Method

Data Collection Method

For this assignment, data will be collected  for a community health need.

– Begin by choosing a population of interest.- (An option of chosen population will be high school (Secondary school) students***)***Ages 14 to 18 years old.

 

– Research your chosen population for available health data- Substance use and alcohol abuse among high school (Secondary school) students

 

This is your secondary data. From the data available about your population, identify a health need that you would like to address- (Access to mental health care and substance abuse for teens)

-Choose a data collection method to collect primary data about the identified health need for your population. Popular data collection methods to choose from are surveys, focus groups, and interviews.

-Write a 800-word plan describing how you will collect primary data about the identified health need for your chosen population. PHN 652- TOPIC 3-Assignment-Data Collection Method

Include the following in your data collection plan:

1. Description of the chosen population and identified health need.
2. Identify the most appropriate data collection method for your chosen population with rationale.
3. Describe which type of data that will be collected (qualitative or quantitative).
4. Identify health indicators specific to the population with at least one source.
5. Provide at least five example questions to be used in your data collection.
6. Include a rationale for each question asked, including the expected data.

Cite two or three resources in your paper.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. PHN 652- TOPIC 3-Assignment-Data Collection Method

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Solution

 

Data Collection Methods

Data collection methods are essential in research. The data collection methods act as directives for researchers to know how and when the collected data can be used in research findings. They also enhance the effectiveness of research by providing critique for the investigators to tackle and give efficient conclusions and results. The paper discusses the data collection process among secondary school students aged 14-18 years, engaging in substance abuse, and the appropriate data collection method to use.

Population and Health Need

The focus is on high school students aged between 14 to 18 years old. Statistics have shown that the number of high school students using alcohol and other substances keeps on increasing. In the United States, mental health issues among adolescents aged 12 to 18 years are prevalently high compared to before. An approximation of the same number might increase if the problem is not taken carefully (Lipari et al., 2016). Secondary school students at the age of 14-18 years mostly face mental issues based on their emotions and behaviors. A study conducted an interview on this age group to investigate if such students receive treatment for their mental problems.

Most secondary students at this age gap are prone to peer pressure and adolescent changes that might lead to negative impacts if not controlled. Students get to interact with each other at different levels and meet new colleagues. This is whereby they begin to join various school clubs and others outside the school. In the process, some get to indulge in substance abuse that later triggers their emotions and behaviors, leading to mental health issues, thus affecting their general academic performance.

Data Collection Method; Interview

The secondary school students are an essential and delicate group of the population. This is because they are more knowledgeable and have prior information; because they are either affected indirectly or directly. Therefore, the interview will be the most suitable method to use. The students will be interviewed using the open-ended question to allow them to explore their views and ideas based on what they have seen, experienced, and observed among them regarding the issue of mental health and substance abuse (Paradis et al., 2016). This will give a clear insight into what is going on as there will be diverse opinions and views from them.

Data Type: Qualitative

Collecting qualitative data is vital in this group because it will help investigate the phenomenon in question. Qualitative, tend to incite deep into the real issue and provide rich, in-depth information that assists in knowing why a particular problem occurs (Bowler et al., 2018). For instance, in this circumstance, it is essential to point out why these students need access to mental health and assistance with substance abuse, especially among teens. Qualitative data will give specific reasons that have been only identified by the students, teachers, and their randomly selected parents. Qualitative data enables the collection of realistic and conceptual information because it comes directly from the participant facing the issue (Bowler et al., 2018). Therefore, it attempts to verify and sample only that which is needed and relevant to the study.

Health Indicators

A recent survey conducted by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health in 2018 show the prevailing rate at which those aged between 12 to 18 years are more exposed to substance use and mental issues (Welty et al., 2019). The number keeps rising each year, putting pressure on mental health institutions and counseling organizations to help reduce the number. In the United States, the survey shows that by the end of the first month in 2018, almost 164.8 million; aged between 12 and above were under substance use such as illicit drug, alcohol use, and cigarette smoking (Welty et al., 2019). PHN 652- TOPIC 3-Assignment-Data Collection Method

The current survey also showed a higher number of secondary students and youths who are suicidal due to depression and the effects of substance use. Most of those involved in substance use, such as tobacco use, are mainly students who also sell them. All these occur in the local areas where businesses are being conducted with no attempt to help stop teens from using substances. The number of those who seek mental health increases with a higher percentage showing that the secondary students are at a higher level of accessing mental health as long as the abuse of substance use is not solved.

Research Questions

The qualitative data type chosen for this group excites the frequency of questions that can help solve the issue of substance abuse in teens and mental health access. Some of these questions will be; do the students acknowledge the impacts of substance abuse on their health? Do they have professional counseling resources and staff necessary for conducting mental health assessments? Is there any additional pressing issue that leads to these mental health problems? How is the academic performance of these students who are directly involved in these issues? How often do the mental health programs occur in the school, and are there any follow-ups made?

 Rationale and Expected Data

The rationale for the first question is to create self-awareness among the students regarding how conscious they are about their health. The expected data is bridging the gap of those students taking alcohol, illicit drugs, and tobacco. In the case of assessing the availability of mental health facilities in the school, it is mainly to ensure that there are efficient resources that are effective for students in managing their mental problems. The expected data is to increase the number of students who access mental health facilities and reduce the number of those who are suicidal. The main focus of trying to find if there are any other issues is to make the students be open-minded, that there are some issues that can be triggered by behaviors and emotions leading to depression. The expectation is to identify the related pressing issues and talk about them to find solutions.

It is crucial to assess the students’ academic performance to identify the leading cause for their poor performances precisely. The expected data is to determine the number of low-performing students, high performing students, and averagely. Then check the cases they have been involved in at school. The frequency of the mental health program sessions is crucial for documentation to acknowledge the progress of the individual students. This helps in keeping records and data of the students and their progress through monitoring assessments. PHN 652- TOPIC 3-Assignment-Data Collection Method

References

Bowler, L., Julien, H., & Haddon, L. (2018). Exploring youth information-seeking behaviour and mobile technologies through a secondary analysis of qualitative data. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 50(3), 322-331.http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/90385/1/Haddon_Exploring%20youth_2018.pdf

Lipari, R. N., Hedden, S., Blau, G., & Rubenstein, L. (2016). Adolescent mental health service use and reasons for using services in specialty, educational, and general medical settings. The CBHSQ Report. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK362074/

Paradis, E., O’Brien, B., Nimmon, L., Bandiera, G., & Martimianakis, M. A. (2016). Design: Selection of data collection methods. Journal of graduate medical education, 8(2), 263-264.https://meridian.allenpress.com/jgme/article/8/2/263/34418/Design-Selection-of-Data-Collection-Methods

Welty, L., Harrison, A., Abram, K., Olson, N., Aaby, D., & McCoy, K. (2019). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.(2017). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 17-5044, NSDUH Series H-52). Rockville, MD: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Retrieved. College of Health Sciences, 106(5), 128.https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7939&context=dissertations#page=141

PHN 652 -Topic 3 DQ 1-Data Collection And Analysis Methods

Topic 3 DQ 1-Data Collection And Analysis Methods

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using qualitative or quantitative data. Give an example of when you would use each.

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Solution

Qualitative Data

Qualitative data is crucial in research. It is the type of data that describes the information and categorically identifies with a specific individual (Gibbs, 2018).  For instance, data is collected using factors identifying people in a particular population, such as sex and ethnicity. The data collected using the qualitative method is usually authentic and easily reliable. The study focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative data and the uses of qualitative and quantitative data.

Advantages

Qualitative data describes the information, thus giving more detailed information. It can be written easily inform of texts and other ways. Help summarizes the bulky information into a simpler manner therefore easy to understand (Gibbs, 2018). Qualitative data can use several methods to collect data at once, thus making data collection cost-efficient and manageable. PHN 652 -Topic 3 DQ 1-Data Collection And Analysis Methods

Disadvantages

Qualitative data is mainly applicable to the most detailed research that requires detailed information. Despite its advantages, it also has its disadvantages. Some of these are, it can be time-consuming. Due to the bulkiness of data and describing context, it can take too much time to complete the process. Its data can be more challenging to analyze due to the description of the content.

When to use Qualitative and Quantitative

Qualitative data explore all ideas through the description to analyze data and usually tries to interpret that information that is unknown (Ahmad et al., 2019). For example, research done on the covid-19 virus has detailed reports describing the pandemic. On the other hand, quantitative data is used to quantify analysis. It tends to answer the existing questions, thus relies mainly on qualitative data (Ahmad et al., 2019). Quantitative data can be used in a study that focuses on finding the numbers of affected people in a population to collect data. Data is organized in a numerical way to answer existing questions.

References

Ahmad, S., Wasim, S., Irfan, S., Gogoi, S., Srivastava, A., & Farheen, Z. (2019). Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research. population, 1, 2. https://www.5staressays.com/blog/qualitative-vs-quantitative-research/qualitative-vs-quantitative-research.pdf

Gibbs, G. R. (2018). Analyzing qualitative data (Vol. 6). Sage. https://books.google.co.ke/books?hl=en&lr=&id=f_1QDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=qualitative+data&ots=1YZnMQg0xm&sig=fmBS859pWAyokbejiIQO5M5xQcY&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=qualitative%20data&f=false. PHN 652 -Topic 3 DQ 1-Data Collection And Analysis Methods

Public Policy Meeting Summary Assignment

THIS PAPER SHOULD BE BASED ON A PUBLIC MEETING “Health Experts Testify on COVID-19 Impact on Children” HERE IS THE LINK
https://www.c-span.org/video/?514779-1/health-experts-testify-covid-19-impact-childrenPublic Policy Meeting Assignment

Submit a 3-4 page summary paper on the public policy meeting ( mentioned above). Include headings in your paper that address these components:

The purpose of the meeting, key participants, key agenda items, and meeting logistics
Background information and a description about the committee
One specific topic that was discussed at the meeting and an explanation of the committee process
An analysis of the key stakeholder positions related to the topic discussed
Key interactions that occurred at the meeting
Outcomes of the meeting including the specific topic focus
Current APA Style, proper grammar, and references as appropriate. Public Policy Meeting Summary Assignment

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Solution

Public Policy Meeting

The purpose of the public policy meeting was to try and understand the impact of covid-19 on children with the meeting considering many issues, including masking, social isolation, obesity, and depression which are some of the effects of Covid19 on children (House.gov, 2020). The key agenda of the meeting was to determine how Covid19 affects children and how various arms of the government can be involved in mitigating such effects. In the meeting, the members of the house energy and Commerce subcommittee, therefore, considered the input of various health experts. The public policy meeting was held in the Rayburn House office building in Congress, with many participants joining remotely through various teleconferencing devices (House.gov, 2020). The key participants in the meeting, therefore, included house representatives and health experts from various healthcare facilities and non-governmental organizations.

Background Information and a Description about the Committee

The House Energy and Commerce subcommittee is led by the Democratic Party and is responsible for various issues, including consumer protection, telecommunications, environmental quality, food and drug safety, public health and research, energy policy, foreign and interstate commerce (House.gov, 2020).  The committee is currently chaired by Ms. DeGette. For the highlighted public policy meeting, the main focus of the subcommittee was on public health issues. In the public policy meeting, the subcommittee put to task various health experts to try and understand the impact that Covid-19 was having on children(C-SPAN, 2021). Public Policy Meeting Summary Assignment

 

 

One Specific Topic that was discussed at the Meeting and an Explanation of the Committee Process

One of the specific topics that were addressed in the public policy meeting was the impact of covid-19 on children, both direct and indirect. The committee process of addressing various issues included consideration of opening statement various members of the committee, including the chair of the subcommittee, ranking member of the subcommittee, the full committee chair, and the full committee ranking member(C-SPAN, 2021). The committee then welcomed the various witnesses to testify on the direct and indirect impact of covid-19 on children with the various witnesses including the president of the American Academy of Pediatrics, a pediatrician at the Monroe Carell Jr Children’s Hospital, American Psychological Association CEO, and the founder of a non-governmental organization called Vaxteen (C-SPAN, 2021).

An Analysis of the Key Stakeholder Positions Related to the Topic Discussed

According to the house energy and Commerce subcommittee chairperson, the main goal of the subcommittee was to curb the spread of Covid 19 and to eventually bring the Covid 19 pandemic to an end. According to the chair of the committee, Ms. DeGette,  the main goal of the public policy meeting was to involve various stakeholders and, more specifically, healthcare practitioners working with children to clearly understand the impact of covid-19 on children and how various stakeholders could continue to enhance the health of children during the Covid 19 pandemic(C-SPAN, 2021). On the other hand, Mr. Griffith, a ranking member in the subcommittee, highlighted the increase in cases of Covid 19 among children and the need to understand the causes of the increasing prevalence of Covid 19 in children. Mr. Griffiths also called for a holistic approach in assessing the impact of covid-19 on children by considering not only the health effects of Covid 19 but also the impact that the isolation that the pandemic had caused on the mental health of children, which has contributed to increased levels of anxiety depression obesity and eating disorders among children(C-SPAN, 2021). Mr. Griffiths also explored the impact of Covid 19 on the increasing cases of abuse and neglect among children, especially since the pandemic caused the closure of schools where teachers and educators in general play a significant role in reporting any cases of abuse and neglect among children.

On the other hand, representative Pallone highlighted that the lack of vaccines that were targeted to children below 12 years was a significant contributor to the rising cases of Covid-19 among children. Representative Pallone highlighted that a speedy approval of Covid 19 vaccines for children below 12 years would go a long way in reducing the cases of Covid 19 in such populations(C-SPAN, 2021). Public Policy Meeting Summary Assignment

On the other hand, Dr. Beers, the President of the American Academy of Pediatrics, highlighted that Covid 19 has had a significant impact on children and has resulted in an estimated 5.5 million cases among children, with over 21,000 children being hospitalized and at least 480 children dying across the US because of Covid 19. Dr. Beers also highlighted that African-American and Latino children were disproportionately affected by Covid. According to Dr. Beers, the best approach to preventing the spread of Covid-19 and the negative effects of the disease would be to promote a higher uptake of vaccines among teenagers and also encourage higher uptake of vaccines among children once such vaccines are approved by the FDA(C-SPAN, 2021).

On the other hand, DR. Rush, the president Of Monroe Carell Children’s Hospital, highlighted that covid-19 had a significant impact on children, especially those who come from low socioeconomic families. Children from such families were more likely to lack health insurance and lack access to healthcare services, and also be involved in lesser physical activity. All these combined factors result in negative health outcomes among children and specifically those from low socioeconomic families(C-SPAN, 2021).

On the other hand, the CEO of the American Psychological Association, Dr. Evans, highlighted that covid-19 had a significant negative effect on the mental health of children and contributed to increased cases of anxiety, depression, and also an increased rate of attempted suicide among children. This was therefore caused by the social isolation, disruptive schedules, and disrupted economic activities of families during the Covid-19 pandemic(C-SPAN, 2021).

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Key Interactions that Occurred at the Meeting

The key interactions that occurred in the meeting included the house representative receiving views from the health experts on how to effectively mitigate the effects of Covid -19 among children and which would be the best approach to implement such mitigation measures.

Outcomes of the Meeting

The outcomes of the meetings included a recommendation by the House Energy and Commerce subcommittee for the adoption of various strategies to promote vaccination among teenagers so as to ensure that children return to their normal life as soon as possible and therefore reduce the various negative mental health issues associated with the disruptions caused by the Covid 19. The subcommittee also proposed that prompt approval of vaccination among children less than 12 years old would go a long way in preventing an increase in Covid-19 cases and also help children to return to their normal lives and avoid the negative mental health issues caused by Covid-19.

 

References

C-SPAN. (2021, September 22). Health Experts Testify on COVID-19 Impact on Children. C-Span.Org. Retrieved November 15, 2021, from https://www.c-span.org:443/errors/403?514779-1/health-experts-testify-covid-19-impact-childrenPublic%20Policy%20Meeting%20Assignment

House.gov. (2020). House Committee on Energy and Commerce. Retrieved November 15, 2021, from https://energycommerce.house.gov/ Public Policy Meeting Summary Assignment