Marta Garcia Diaz
28 minutes ago, at 8:46 AM
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Post a response to each of the following:
Choose one case in the video section.
Explain how this information may impact the way you prescribe medications to patients. Include a specific example of a situation or case with a patient in which the psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner must be aware of the medication’s action.
The video I have selected to discuss is on the Neuroscience of Depression with the link https://youtu.be/-a4y6tzkJdc
Depression is considered to be mental health disorder which is characterized to be having lack of interest, and having persistent sadness and would impact the sleeping pattern of the person and even appetite. This information would impact medication based on the idea that there are different medication considerations that would have been made such as dopamine and the serotine drugs inhibitors medication that would help control the health issue. Also there needs considerations of the others symptoms of depression and the other inhibitors that would help limit the body reactions or basically the different side effects that would come from medications being used, drug interactions for which will help limit the side effects that would come from medications having side effects (Martin et al., 2021). Nursing homework help
An example for this case would be on treating patient suffering from anxiety depression disorder for which the vest medications for this patient would involve the drugs known as the tranquilizers such as benzodiazepines, klonopin, valium, Ativan and many more. There also needs patient education consideration such as remaining physically active, having avoidance of alcohol, quitting drinking of caffeine beverages, eating healthy diets, quitting smoking habits, having enough sleep and relating to stress management practices that would limit anxiety. Also, anxiety would be treated by having the involvement in psychotherapy procedures which would help reducing the anxiety related symptoms and others related effects that would be originating from it (Wang et al., 2021).
References
Martin, C. R., Hunter, L., Patel, V. B., Preedy, V. R., & Rajendram, R. (2021). The neuroscience of depression: Genetics, cell biology, neurology, behavior, and diet. Academic Press.
Please update your browser. (n.d.). YouTube. https://youtu.be/-a4y6tzkJdc
Obdelis Dominguez
25 minutes ago, at 8:49 AM
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As stated in the monoamine hypothesis of depression, I concur with the notion that deficiency in serotonin and dopamine in the brain that stimulates feelings of satisfaction and fulfillment would induce depression. Additionally, I concur with the assertion that treating depression with the available antidepressants may lead to positive results (https://youtu.be/-a4y6tzkJdc). Typically, foundational neuroscience encompasses four principles which are anatomy, physiology, cellular biology, and biochemistry (Jänig, 2022). As a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner, one must have a thorough understanding of the four principles to understand how different medications interact with the body and how they can be used to treat mental health conditions like depression. The Monoamine hypothesis of depression asserts that the central nervous system’s deficiency of serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine is the pathophysiologic underpinning of depression (Nemeroff, 2020). Therefore, antidepressants that raise the levels of these chemicals in the brain would help deal with depression. Nursing homework help
A special scenario would be a patient suffering from depression emanating from the condition with a family history of being susceptible to depression. In a such a case, as a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner, one has to be aware of the medical action to prescribe to such a patient. Typically, the pathophysiology of affective disorders like depression heavily relies on genetic factors (Nemeroff, 2020). Therefore, as a nurse practitioner, one has to prescribe mental therapy using prior medical knowledge to such patients to ensure effective recuperation. However, the use of antidepressants for patients with depression may not be enough therapy to deal with the disorder completely. Deficiency and chemical imbalance of serotonin and dopamine may not be the only cause of depression, and increasing their levels may not ensure complete recovery. A prescription of cognitive behavioral therapy is needed to deal with the patient’s feelings, cognition, and behaviors. The patient must attend 5 to 20 talk therapy sessions to facilitate complete recuperation. Nursing homework help
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Robert Alonso
23 minutes ago, at 8:51 AM
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Neuroscience is very important in health care. Nursing is vital in health care because nurses are the healthcare professionals with the utmost contact with patients. As a practitioner, having strong knowledge of neuroscience would help deliver better care because one gets to understand their patients better. Neuroscience centers on understanding the nervous system and its impact on cognitive and behavioral patterns. In depression, for example, everything begins with the brain. Depression is a neurological condition and is the leading cause of disability among American adults (“Neuroscience of Depression,” 2018).
Neuroscience research has enhanced the understanding of the neural bases of reward processing and regulating positive affect in relevance to depression (Vinograd & Craske, 2020). Emotions are a critical part of the human experience; this explains aspects of depression. According to the video, depression features a genetic component as the history of depression in a family can put an individual at a high of getting depressed. It also notes the significance of understanding a patient’s environment and how it affects them. According to the information the video provides, it impacts how I might prescribe medications to patients.
For example, when prescribing medications for depression, the psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner must be aware of the structural differences and neurochemical aspects of a patient. This is because structurally, depression shrinks the brain parts vital for controlling a person’s emotions and making choices on self-care. Generally, a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner needs to have a strong background in foundational neuroscience. Diagnosing and treating a client requires an understanding of the pathophysiology of the disorder and how medications can impact the central nervous system. Therefore, a nurse should be careful not to overdose a patient as this will negatively affect the patient’s overall health. Nursing homework help
References
Neuroscience of Depression (2018) YouTube. Available at: https://youtu.be/-a4y6tzkJdc (Accessed: January 8, 2023).
Vinograd, M., & Craske, M. G. (2020). Using neuroscience to augment behavioral interventions for depression. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 28(1), 14-25.
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Yolanda Morgado
10 hours ago, at 11:00 PM
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Neurobiology of anxiety, worry, and fear
Symptoms of anxiety disorder are believed to occur from the rupture of the equilibrium of the activity in the brain’s emotional centers. The limbic system, including the amigdala is considered the fear and anxiety center, and has multiple connections with other structures of the brain. The somatosensory cortex receives the threatening stimuli and sends the information to the amigdala, and the cortex decides if the stimuli is a real threat or not and produces an excitatory response and initiates the fight or flight response or gives an inhibitory response. The imbalance between these systems is the key in the anxiety genesis (Liu WZ, et al,2020).
Worrying might be a normal response but when is excessive, can lead to a variety of anxiety disorders. Most of anti-anxiety medication increase the level of inhibitory neurotransmitters (GABA), and Cognitive Behavior therapy has proved to be a great option for these conditions. The importance of this video is that shows the correlation between anatomical structures and the symptoms that we observe in patients, and the neurotransmitters implicated. We should combine medication and psychotherapy since it has shown to be more effective that either one alone. Benzodiazepines should be used carefully since the wellbeing sensation and the tolerance to them can lead to dependence to the drug and abuse by the patient. Other options with similar result must also be explored like the use of non-benzodiazepine anxiolytics and antidepressants (Murrough et al. 2015).
References
Liu WZ, Zhang WH, Zheng ZH, Zou JX, Liu XX, Huang SH, You WJ, He Y, Zhang JY, Wang XD, Pan BX. Identification of a prefrontal cortex-to-amygdala pathway for chronic stress-induced anxiety. Nat Commun. 2020 May 6;11(1):2221. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15920-7. PMID: 32376858; PMCID: PMC7203160.
Murrough JW, Yaqubi S, Sayed S, Charney DS. Emerging drugs for the treatment of anxiety. Expert Opin Emerg Drug
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Lazaro Garcia
17 hours ago, at 4:18 PM
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Neuroscience of Depression
Listening to the video on the neuroscience of depression highlights the many factors that may cause depression and could impact how the condition is treated. Different theories explain the causes of depression including genetics, environmental factors, neurotransmitter imbalance, changes in brain size and elevated levels of cytokines (Brigitta, 2022). The PMHNP must evaluate the factors contributing to the patient’s depression and prescribe the necessary medications to the patient. For instance, a patient whose depression is caused by abuse may need just rescue from the environment and some cognitive behavioral therapy to deal with the low mood. The first step in the treatment of depression will be to identify the cause. The video has raised the need to conduct a comprehensive history taking of patients with depression to come up with the specific cause of the condition. The care provider will order different laboratory and radiological tests to establish its origin (Brigitta, 2022). Treatment will be based on the specific factors causing depression in an individual patient.
The many causes of depression discussed in the video also call for combination therapy which considers both medication and psychotherapy. The PMHNP must evaluate the patient individually and establish the path of care which best suits them. Some patients may benefit from a combination of approaches to control different aspects of the disease (Brigitta, 2022). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work by reducing the reuptake of serotonin hence increasing its concentration in the neurons hence facilitating changes in mood. The PMHNP understands how the drug works and plans the anticipated side effects so that they can be addressed (Brigitta, 2022). understanding that the drug targets only serotonin as a neurotransmitter alerts the nurse that the effect is on a specific aspect of neurotransmission. Nursing homework help
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Katia Miranda Calnick
15 hours ago, at 6:30 PM
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Neuroscience of Depression
The information on neuroscience and depression may affect how a healthcare practitioner can prescribe medications to clients. The knowledge is significant because it will help medical providers determine how effective a medication will be in the short and long term. Putting a patient on the right medication as soon as they show the initial signs of depression can make a difference in how they respond to the treatment. This can greatly improve the quality of the patient’s life. However, having the wrong prescription and offering the wrong medication is likely to cause more harm. As a result, it is critical for a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner to understand how different medications affect different people with different mental health conditions.
A specific example with a client where a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner must be aware of the medication action would be the use of benzodiazepines. The most intended benefit of this medication in mental health care is to reduce anxiety, but its daily extended treatment is likely to lead to a rapid tolerance onset. Notably, the patient is likely to develop a tolerance to the highest benzodiazepines doses over time, resulting in certain side effects from such high doses. In other cases, the drug may have a behavioral effect such as difficulties concentrating, confusion, sedation, or motor coordination. This drug’s behavioral side effects can manifest in a variety of ways. In such a situation, the patient is advised to stop taking the medication (Mental Health Daily, 2018). This will lead to debilitating, protracted withdrawal symptoms and can also cause an early onset of dementia a few years in the future. Nursing homework help
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Ania Molina Paz
16 hours ago, at 5:34 PM
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Neurobiology Case Study
Jan 08, 2023
Neurobiology of Anxiety, Worrying, and Fear, explains how anxiety occurs and the various parts of the brain involved in an emotional response, which often leads to fear and worry. Anxiety begins when a person is exposed to a perceived or actual threatening situation, where the sensory cortices and the thalamus sends excitatory input to the nucleus leading to flight and fear response. Still, the excitatory input is inhibited by the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (MTI Psychiatry, 2020). The narrator explains the association between conditioned fear response and anxiety, and how conditioned fear extinction weakens old connections through new learning, which involves Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) neurotransmitters from the VMPFC and OFC (MTI Psychiatry, 2020).
The information from the video would impact how I prescribe medications as I have a better understanding of how GABA neurotransmitters calm an individual with anxiety by controlling hyperactivity. It is important to understand what happens to the brain when a person is anxious and determine whether a person’s fear response is conditioned or unconditioned. If the patient has a conditioned fear response associated with a past traumatic event, new learning would help the patient through the extinction of the fear memory (Kida, 2019). Although medications would promote the inhibitory effect of the VMPFC and OFC, psychotherapy would be essential to overcome the conditioned fear.
An example of a patient situation where the psychiatric mental health nurse must be aware of the action of the drug is the use of benzodiazepines to treat anxiety, which is associated with a conditioned fear response. Although the medication would reduce anxiety in the short-term, it may lead to tolerance to the optimal dose of the medications and the patient would not be able to control their fear response without the medications. Overuse of the drugs may lead to cognitive impairment and subsequently lead to brain damage (Voineskos et al., 2020). Nursing homework help
