Endocrine System Case Study

Joan Barker, age fifty-six, comes for a routine physical examination. She states that she has been in perfect health and has no complaints. She has a history of asthma but currently requires no medications of any kind. Her physical examination is completely normal, except for a 2-cm firm, nontender, nonmobile mass in the upper outer quadrant of her left breast. She indicates that she does not perform regular breast self-examination and that she did not know the mass was there. She has no family history of breast cancer and has never been pregnant.

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Answer the following questions about Ms. Barker’s condition:

• What term is used to describe the benign condition that may have caused Ms. Barker’s breast mass?
• What is inside the cysts of fibrocystic breast disease?
• Mammography and ultrasonography reveal a solid lesion (not cystic). What is the most common type of breast cancer?
• A biopsy determines that Ms. Barker has invasive carcinoma of the breast. What is the difference between ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma of the breast?
• Ms. Barker’s breast cancer has metastasized to her lungs. What is the difference between metastatic lung cancer and primary lung cancer?

Endocrine System Case Study