Steps in Evidence-Based Practice

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Steps in Evidence-Based Practice

Once you graduate and obtain your first job out of your Master of Social Work program, you may be asked to identify the gaps in services at your new agency. You may be asked to create a new group or help to identify a new evidence-based intervention that can be introduced to the clients. Understanding how to research the current literature, and then choose and evaluate an intervention, is an important component of being a successful social worker. For this course, you have researched new and interesting interventions that are currently being used with children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly. Further, you have explored the importance of connecting theory to practice.

For this Assignment, use will practice steps in Evidence-Based Practice. 1) You will think of a practice problem. 2) You then conduct a literature review on available research. 3) You will evaluate the evidence to determine which intervention to use. 4) You will consider client values and your clinical expertise. 5) You will think about what you hope the client gains from this intervention (i.e., decreased depression, increased quality of life, decreased PTSD symptoms) and consider how you might measure this change. Steps in Evidence-Based Practice

To prepare:

  • Choose a population of interest to you.
    • Adolescents
  • Choose a presenting problem (depression, family conflict, homelessness, etc.) related to the population of interest.
  • Conduct a literature review focused on the presenting problem within the population of interest.
  1. Submit a 12- to 15-page scholarly paper supported with a minimum of sixpeer-reviewed articles as references. In the paper, you should:
  • Briefly describe the population and presenting problem you are focusing on for this assignment.
  • Provide a review of the articles you reviewed from this project and explain what you learned from conducting this research.
  • Briefly describe at least 2 evidence-based interventions currently used for your chosen population when addressing this particular problem. Provide supporting references when explaining the evidence behind the interventions.
  • Explain which of these interventions you might choose to use and why.
    • Consider client values and your clinical expertise and how those might affect your decision of which intervention to use.
  • Describe how you might apply the specific skills and techniques of the chosen intervention.
  • Briefly explain how you could measure the outcomes of this intervention.
  • Explain any cultural considerations that you need to take into account when working with this population or the particular presenting problem. Steps in Evidence-Based Practice
  • Discuss how the Code of Ethics applies when working with this particular presenting problem and population.
  • Explain how you would apply a trauma-informed lens when working with this population.

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Support your Final Project with specific references to the resources. Be sure to provide full APA citations for your references.

The Final Project will be evaluated according to the Final Project Rubric, located bellow and in the Course Information area.

 

 

Learning Resources to use as References to support your work and Citation for this Final Project

Resource List

This page contains all of the resources for this course.

Photo Credit: [ONOKY – Eric Audras]/[Brand X Pictures]/Getty Images

Week 1

Required Readings

Beder, J. (2000). The integration of theory into practice: Suggestions for supervisors. Professional Development: The International Journal of Continuing Social Work Education, 3(2), 40–48. Retrieved from http://www.profdevjournal.org/articles/32040.pdf

 

Optional Resources

Use this link to access the MSW home page, which provides resources for your social work program.

 

Week 2

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus. Steps in Evidence-Based Practice

Required Readings

Daley, M., R., & Hickman, S. (2011). Dual relations and beyond: Understanding and addressing ethical challenges for rural social work. Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics, 8(1). Retrieved from http://www.socialworker.com/jswve/spr11/spr11daleyhickman.pdf

National Association of Social Workers. (2008). Code of ethics. Retrieved from http://www.socialworkers.org/pubs/code/default.asp

Reamer, F. G. (2011, November 30). When bad things happen to good social workers: The perils of ethics mistakes. Social Work Today. Retrieved from http://www.socialworktoday.com/news/eoe_113011.shtml

 

Gutiérrez, L. M. (1995). Understanding the empowerment process: Does consciousness make a difference? Social Work Research, 19(4), 229–237.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Reamer, F. G. (2003). Boundary issues in social work: Managing dual relationships, Faculty Publications. Paper 162. Retrieved from https://www.bu.edu/ssw/files/2015/09/Reamer-F.-Boundary-Issues-in-Social-Work-Managing-dual-relationships.pdf

Zur, O., & Lazarus, A. A. (n.d.). Six arguments against dual relationships and their rebuttals. Retrieved from http://www.zurinstitute.com/dualarguments.html Steps in Evidence-Based Practice

Optional Resources

Use this link to access the MSW home page, which provides resources for your social work program.

 

Week 3

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ace

 

Woolley, M. E. (2013). Assessment of children. In M. J. Holosko, C. N. Dulmus, & K. M. Sowers (Eds.), Social work practice with individuals and families: Evidence-informed assessments and interventions (pp. 1–39). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

McCormick, K. M., Stricklin, S., Nowak, T. M., & Rous, B. (2008). Using eco-mapping to understand family strengths and resources. Young Exceptional Children, 11(2), 17–28.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., &Brocksen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014b). Social work case studies: Concentration year. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

 

  • Working With Children and Adolescents: The Case of Claudia (pp. 15–17)

 

Note: Depending on your concentration, you may not receive a case study book until a later term. Therefore, if you did not receive a copy of Social Work Case Studies: Concentration Year in your previous course, use the linked PDF provided here. If you did receive the book referenced above, you may find the cases there or use the PDF.

 

Optional Resources

Use this link to access the MSW home page, which provides resources for your social work program.

 

Week 4

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus. Steps in Evidence-Based Practice

Required Readings

Gutiérrez, L., Oh, H. J., &Gillmore, M. R. (2000). Toward an understanding of (em)power(ment) for HIV/AIDS prevention with adolescent women. Sex Roles, 42(7–8), 581–611.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Springer, D. W., & Powell, T. M. (2013). Assessment of adolescents. In M. J. Holosko, C. N. Dulmus, & K. M. Sowers (Eds.), Social work practice with individuals and families: Evidence-informed assessments and interventions (pp. 71–95). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., &Brocksen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014a). Sessions: case histories. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

  • The Bradley Family (pp. 17–19)

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., &Brocksen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014b). Social work case studies: Concentration year. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

 

  • Working With Families: The Case of Brady (pp. 26–28)

 

Note: Depending on your concentration, you may not receive a case study book until a later term. Therefore, if you did not receive a copy of Social Work Case Studies: Concentration Year in your previous course, use the linked PDF provided here. If you did receive the book referenced above, you may find the cases there or use the PDF.

 

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2013a). Bradley family: Episode 2 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://class.waldenu.edu

 

Accessible player –Downloads– Download Video w/CC Download Audio Download Transcript

Optional Resources

Use this link to access the MSW home page, which provides resources for your social work program.

 

Week 5

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus. Steps in Evidence-Based Practice

Required Readings

Congress, E. (2013). Assessment of adults. In M. Holosko, C. Dulmus, & K. Sowers (Eds.), Social work practice with individuals and families: Evidence-informed assessments and interventions (pp. 125–145). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Cowger, C. D. (1994). Assessing client strengths: Clinical assessment for client empowerment. Social Work, 39(3), 262–268.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Mental Measurements Yearbook. (n.d.). Lincoln, NE: Buros Institute of Mental Measurements.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., &Brocksen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014b). Social work case studies: Concentration year. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

 

  • Mental Health Diagnosis in Social Work: The Case of Miranda (pp. 7–9)

 

Note: Depending on your concentration, you may not receive a case study book until a later term. Therefore, if you did not receive a copy of Social Work Case Studies: Concentration Year in your previous course, use the linked PDF provided here. If you did receive the book referenced above, you may find the cases there or use the PDF.

 

Hawkins, R. L., & Kim, E. J. (2012). The socio-economic empowerment assessment: Addressing poverty and economic distress in clients. Clinical Social Work Journal, 40(2), 194–202.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., &Brocksen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014a). Sessions: case histories. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader]. Steps in Evidence-Based Practice

  • The Cortez Family (pp. 23–25)

Optional Resources

Use this link to access the MSW home page, which provides resources for your social work program.

 

Week 6

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Christ, G., & Diwan, S. (2008). Chronic illness and aging: The role of social work in managing chronic illness care. Council on social work education. Retrieved from http://www.cswe.org/getattachment/Centers-Initiatives/CSWE-Gero-Ed-Center/Teaching-Tools/Gero-Competencies/Practice-Guides/Assignments-Measurments/CI-Sec2-Role-SW.pdf.aspx

 

Paveza, G. J. (2013). Assessment of the elderly. In M. J. Holosko, C. N. Dulmus, & K. M. Sowers (Eds.), Social work practice with individuals and families: Evidence-informed assessments and interventions (pp. 177–195). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., &Brocksen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014a). Sessions: case histories. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

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  • The Petrakis Family (pp. 20–22)

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2013c). Petrakis family: Episode 3 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://class.waldenu.edu

 

Accessible player –Downloads– Download Video w/CC Download Audio Download Transcript

Optional Resources

Use this link to access the MSW home page, which provides resources for your social work program.

 

Week 7

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus. Steps in Evidence-Based Practice Steps in Evidence-Based Practice

Required Readings

Gutiérrez, L. M. (1990). Working with women of color: An empowerment perspective. Social Work, 35(2), 149–153.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Geller, S. M., & Greenberg, L. S. (2012). Challenges to therapeutic presence. In Therapeutic presence: A mindful approach to effective therapy (pp. 143–159). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

McTighe, J. P. (2011). Teaching the use of self through the process of clinical supervision. Clinical Social Work Journal, 39(3), 301–307.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., &Brocksen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014a). Sessions: case histories. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

  • The Petrakis Family (pp. 20–22)

Hill, C. E., & Knox, S. (2001). Self-disclosure. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 38(4), 413–417.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2013c). Petrakis family: Episode 3 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://class.waldenu.edu

 

Accessible player –Downloads– Download Video w/CC Download Audio Download Transcript

Optional Resources

Use this link to access the MSW home page, which provides resources for your social work program.

 

Week 8

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Chiesa, C. (2012). Scripts in the sand: Sandplay in transactional analysis psychotherapy with children. Transactional Analysis Journal, 42(4), 285–293.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases. Steps in Evidence-Based Practice

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., &Brocksen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014b). Social work case studies: Concentration year. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

 

  • Working with Children and Adolescents: The Case of Claudia (pp. 15–17)

 

Note: Depending on your concentration, you may not receive a case study book until a later term. Therefore, if you did not receive a copy of Social Work Case Studies: Concentration Year in your previous course, use the linked PDF provided here. If you did receive the book referenced above, you may find the cases there or use the PDF.

 

Ruffolo, M. C., & Allen-Meares, P. (2013). Intervention with children. In M. J. Holosko, C. N. Dulmus, & K. M. Sowers (Eds.), Social work practice with individuals and families: Evidence-informed assessments and interventions (pp. 41–69). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Taylor, E. R. (2009). Sandtray and solution-focused therapy. International Journal of Play Therapy, 18(1), 56–68.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Malawista, K. L. (2004). Rescue fantasies in child therapy: Countertransference/ transference enactments. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 21(4), 373–386.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

van der Kolk, B. A. (2003). The neurobiology of childhood trauma and abuse. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 12, 293–317. Retrieved from http://www.traumacenter.org/products/pdf_files/neurobiology_childhood_trauma_abuse.pdf

van der Kolk, B. A. (2005a). Child abuse & victimization. Psychiatric Annals, 35(5),374–378. Retrieved from http://www.traumacenter.org/products/pdf_files/neurobiology_childhood_trauma_abuse.pdf

 

van der Kolk, B. A. (2005b). Developmental trauma disorder. Psychiatric Annals, 35(5), 401–408.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases. Steps in Evidence-Based Practice

Gil, E. (1991). The healing power of play: Working with abused children. New York, NY: Guilford Press:

Chapter 2, “The Child Therapies: Application in Work With Abused Children (pp. 26–36) (PDF)

Chapter 3, “The Treatment of Abused Children” (pp. 37–82) (PDF)

 

Optional Resources

Use this link to access the MSW home page, which provides resources for your social work program.

 

Week 9

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

LeCroy, C. W., & Williams, L. R. (2013). Intervention with adolescents. In M. Holosko, C. Dulmus, & K. Sowers (Eds.), Social work practice with individuals and families: Evidence-informed assessments and interventions (pp. 97–124). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., &Brocksen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014a). Sessions: case histories. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader]. Steps in Evidence-Based Practice

  • The Bradley Family (pp. 17–19)

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., &Brocksen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014b). Social work case studies: Concentration year. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

 

  • Working With Families: The Case of Brady (pp. 26–28)

 

Note: Depending on your concentration, you may not receive a case study book until a later term. Therefore, if you did not receive a copy of Social Work Case Studies: Concentration Year in your previous course, use the linked PDF provided here. If you did receive the book referenced above, you may find the cases there or use the PDF.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Suicide prevention: Youth suicide. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/suicide/index.html

 

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2013a). Bradley family: Episode 2 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://class.waldenu.edu

 

Accessible player –Downloads– Download Video w/CC Download Audio Download Transcript

Optional Resources

Use this link to access the MSW home page, which provides resources for your social work program.

 

Week 10

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., &Brocksen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014a). Sessions: case histories. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

  • The Levy Family (pp. 15–16)

Sharpless, B. A., & Barber, J. P. (2011). A clinician’s guide to PTSD treatments for returning veterans. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42(1), 8–15. doi:10.1037/a0022351.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Thyer, B. A. (2013). Intervention with adults. In M. J. Holosko, C. N. Dulmus, & K. M. Sowers (Eds.), Social work practice with individuals and families: Evidence-informed assessments and interventions (pp. 147–176). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Yoder, M., Tuerk, P. W., Price, M., Grubaugh, A., L., Strachan, M., Myrick, H., &Acierno, R. (2012). Prolonged exposure therapy for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: Comparing outcomes for veterans of different wars. Psychological Services, 9(1), 16–25. Steps in Evidence-Based Practice

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., &Brocksen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014b). Social work case studies: Concentration year. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

 

  • Working With Clients With Compulsive Disorder: The Case of Marjorie (pp. 18–20)

 

Note: Depending on your concentration, you may not receive a case study book until a later term. Therefore, if you did not receive a copy of Social Work Case Studies: Concentration Year in your previous course, use the linked PDF provided here. If you did receive the book referenced above, you may find the cases there or use the PDF.

 

Elliott, D. E., Bjelajac, P., Fallot, R. D., Markoff, L. S., & Reed, B. G. (2005). Trauma‐informed or trauma‐denied: Principles and implementation of trauma‐informed services for women. Journal of Community Psychology, 33(4), 461-477.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Kruger, A. (2000). Empowerment in social work practice with the psychiatrically disabled: Model and method. Smith College Studies in Social Work, 70(3), 427–439.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2013b). Levy family: Episode 3 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://class.waldenu.edu

 

Accessible player –Downloads– Download Video w/CC Download Audio Download Transcript

Optional Resources

Use this link to access the MSW home page, which provides resources for your social work program.

 

Week 11

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Browne, C. V. (1995). Empowerment in social work practice with older women. Social Work, 40(3), 358–364.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Holosko, M. J., Skinner, J. F., Patterson, C. A., &Brisebois, K. (2013). Intervention with the elderly. In M. J. Holosko, C. N. Dulmus, & K. M. Sowers (Eds.), Social work practice with individuals and families: Evidence-informed assessments and interventions (pp. 197–235). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Laidlaw, K. (2001). An empirical review of cognitive therapy for late life depression: Does research evidence suggest adaptations are necessary for cognitive therapy with older adults? Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 8(1), 1–14.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Haber, D. (2006). Life review: Implementation, theory, research, and therapy. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 63(2), 153–171.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Monod, S. M., Rochat, E., Büla, C. J., Jobin, G., Martin, E., & Spencer, B. (2010). The spiritual distress assessment tool: An instrument to assess spiritual distress in hospitalised elderly persons. BMC Geriatrics, 10, 88.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Optional Resources

Use this link to access the MSW home page, which provides resources for your social work program.

 

 

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus. Steps in Evidence-Based Practice

Required Readings

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., &Brocksen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014a). Sessions: case histories. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

  • The Levy Family (pp. 15–16)

Sharpless, B. A., & Barber, J. P. (2011). A clinician’s guide to PTSD treatments for returning veterans. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42(1), 8–15. doi:10.1037/a0022351.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Thyer, B. A. (2013). Intervention with adults. In M. J. Holosko, C. N. Dulmus, & K. M. Sowers (Eds.), Social work practice with individuals and families: Evidence-informed assessments and interventions (pp. 147–176). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Beder, J. (2000). The integration of theory into practice: Suggestions for supervisors. Professional Development: The International Journal of Continuing Social Work Education, 3(2), 40–48. Retrieved from http://www.profdevjournal.org/articles/32040.pdf on August 28, 2017

Larson, R. & Wilson, S. (2014). Adolescence across place and time: Globalization and the changing pathways to adulthood. In R. Lerner and L. Steinberg Handbook of Adolescent Psychology. New York: Wiley & Sons.

Roberts, M. (2015) Problems of Adolescence. BBC News. Retrieved from www.bbcnews.com on August 28, 2017

 

Yoder, M., Tuerk, P. W., Price, M., Grubaugh, A., L., Strachan, M., Myrick, H., &Acierno, R. (2012). Prolonged exposure therapy for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: Comparing outcomes for veterans of different wars. Psychological Services, 9(1), 16–25.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., &Brocksen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014b). Social work case studies: Concentration year. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

 

  • Working With Clients With Compulsive Disorder: The Case of Marjorie (pp. 18–20)

 

Note: Depending on your concentration, you may not receive a case study book until a later term. Therefore, if you did not receive a copy of Social Work Case Studies: Concentration Year in your previous course, use the linked PDF provided here. If you did receive the book referenced above, you may find the cases there or use the PDF. Steps in Evidence-Based Practice

 

Elliott, D. E., Bjelajac, P., Fallot, R. D., Markoff, L. S., & Reed, B. G. (2005). Trauma‐informed or trauma‐denied: Principles and implementation of trauma‐informed services for women. Journal of Community Psychology, 33(4), 461-477.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Kruger, A. (2000). Empowerment in social work practice with the psychiatrically disabled: Model and method. Smith College Studies in Social Work, 70(3), 427–439.

Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2013b). Levy family: Episode 3 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://class.waldenu.edu

WAL_SOCW6111_10_A_EN.pdf

 

My posted discussion on this matter

Introductory video

My name is Cheraldo A. Morales Sweatt. I am originally from Puerto Rico but I am living in OK at this time. The population I picked is adolescence is a psychological and physical transitional stage between puberty and adulthood (Roberts, 2015).  It is in most times associated with teenagers but the physical and psychological changes may begin before teenage years and extend till the early twenties.  Due to the psychological, physical and hormonal changes occurring in adolescents, they tend to suffer from a transition crisis in search of identity. I intend to work with adolescents upon graduation because I feel that this stage of life is the make or break stage in terms of personalities and characters.  Some of the social issues facing adolescents are internet and online addiction violence and cyber bullying, eating disorders and addiction to drugs, alcohol and sex (Larson & Wilson, 2014). Young adults within this bracket are often under pressure to fit in with what is cool and in their struggle to achieve identity, they may fall into addictions and moral vices.  I expect that it will be difficult to break the ice when dealing with this category of people, as they are known to be rebellious. However, I will aim to strike a connection with them such that they will be free to open up and we can tackle the issues they face together.

 

References

Beder, J. (2000). The integration of theory into practice: Suggestions for supervisors. Professional Development: The International Journal of Continuing Social Work Education, 3(2), 40–48. Retrieved from http://www.profdevjournal.org/articles/32040.pdf on August 28, 2017

Larson, R. & Wilson, S. (2014). Adolescence across place and time: Globalization and the changing pathways to adulthood. In R. Lerner and L. Steinberg Handbook of Adolescent Psychology. New York: Wiley & Sons.

Roberts, M. (2015) Problems of Adolescence. BBC News. Retrieved from www.bbcnews.com on August 28, 2017 . Steps in Evidence-Based Practice