Question 1 – 200 Words

1. What are the EPA�s seven criteria pollutants and their sources? Discuss the environmental and health effects of each pollutant. Your response must be at least 200 words in length.

Question 2 – 200 Words

1. Discuss how a constructed wetland system works to treat municipal wastewater. What advantages does a constructed wetland system have over conventional sewage treatment?
   Your response must be at least 200 words in length.

Question 3 – 200 Words

1. What are �dead zones,� and how do they form? What are the sources of pollution that cause cultural eutrophication? Your response must be at least 200 words in length.

Question 4 – 200 Words

1. Discuss the main areas of progress produced by the Clean Water Act of 1972, as well as the remaining problems. Do you think that stronger legislation is required to protect our water resources? Why or why not? Your response must be at least 200 words in length. 20 points

Question 5

1. Match each term with its definition.

	Primary pollutants

	Secondary pollutants

	Non-point source emissions

	Point source emission

Criteria pollutants

A.Pollutants emitted from a smokestack or other concentrated pollution originB.Pollutants that are produced in less volume, but are especially toxic or hazardousC.Pollutants that become hazardous after chemical reactions in the airD.Pollutants that do not go through a smokestackE.Pollutants that are released to the air in a harmful formF.A group of seven major pollutants that contribute the largest volume of air-quality degradation

ENVIROMENTAL TECHNOLGY

Question 1 – 500 Words

1. Write an essay consisting of at least 500 words addressing ALL of the following topics (a. through g.):

1. If the rainfall intensity is 2.5 inch/hour, watershed area is 8 acres, and rational runoff coefficient is 0.6, compute the peak runoff rate in ft³/s. Use the rational formula.
2. Explain the concept of time of concentration.
3. Why would someone want to use the SCS TR 55 graphical method instead of the simpler rational formula for determining peak rate of runoff?
4. Explain why stormwater pipes are designed to have a velocity between 3 ft/s and 10 ft/s.
5. Why does land development typically increase the peak runoff rate? What are some methods used to mitigate the increased runoff rate?
6. Discuss some best management practices (BMPs) for stormwater quality control?
7. How does the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) affect development in flood prone areas? In your response, include discussion of the base flood level.

You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Question 2 – 500 Words

1. Write an essay consisting of at least 500 words addressing ALL of the following topics (a. through h.):

1. Describe U.S. federal legislation regarding wastewater treatment and disposal.
2. If 220 mg/L (milligram per liter) of BOD₅ enters a wastewater treatment plant at a flow of 18 mgd (million gallons per day), how many pounds of BOD₅ enter the plant each day?
3. Explain the purpose and operation of a comminutor.
4. What is the purpose of recirculation in a trickling filter?
5. If the wastewater flow is 5 ML/day (million liters per day), MLSS is 1800 mg/L, BOD₅ entering the aeration tank is 130 mg/L, and aeration tank volume is 1.5 ML (million liters), what is the F/M ratio in the tank?
6. Describe the extended aeration process. When is it used?
7. What are the pros and cons of wastewater treatment ponds?
8. Discuss one alternative treatment technology for wastewater treatment beginning on page 264 of our textbook.

Hazardous Waste

Question 1

1. As part of the permit process for a TSDF, owners or operators of a TSDF must submit a closure plan. This closure plan must include all of the following except _______.

		a description of what the facility will be used for after remediation
		a description of planned groundwater activities
		a description of planned maintenance activities
		the name, address, and telephone numbers of the person or office to contact during the post-closure plan

4 points

Question 2

1. Containment methods are directed toward prevention of migration of liquid hazardous wastes or leachates containing hazardous constituents. Which of the following is not an example of this site remedial technology?

		Sheet piling cut-off walls
		Grout curtains
		Slurry walls
		Soil vapor extraction

4 points

Question 3

1. What does EPA call abandoned, idled, or underused industrial and commercial facilities where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by real or perceived contamination?

		Brownfields
		Opportunity zones
		Development zones
		Greenfields

4 points

Question 4

1. Which of the following is part of a Phase II assessment?

		Risk assessments as appropriate for the data obtained
		Air, soil and groundwater sampling on or near the property with analyses
		Title search of property records and regulatory permits
		Interviews with available present and past personnel at the site

4 points

Question 5

1. The permit application for owners and operators of a TSDF is in two parts. What are those two parts referred to?

		Part I and Part II
		Part A and Part B
		Part 8700-22 and Part 8700-23
		EPA Form A and EPA Form B

4 points

Question 6

1. Which of the following is not a part of Part A or Part B RCRA permit application requirements?

		Facility security procedures, topographic map
		Design capacity of waste management units, closure plans
		Contingency plans, lists of wastes to be managed at the facility
		Analysis of wastes to be managed, financial stability of company/corporation

4 points

Question 7

1. EPA’s Site Inspection Plans may be carried out by consultants having appropriate expertise, or by federal, state, or local regulatory agency personnel. All of the following items are key to a successful, defensible inspection plan except which one?

		Checklists, sampling plans
		Summarized findings from the background report, data quality objectives
		Applicable regulations, policies and guidance documents, and company financial records.
		Personnel assigned and duties, site safety plans, PPE (as appropriate)

4 points

Question 8

1. Regarding criminal actions resulting in fines or imprisonment for RCRA hazardous waste offenses, what is a key overriding legal component of these actions?

		Harm to the public
		Damage to the environment
		Acts are committed knowingly
		Financial gain is shown

4 points

Question 9

1. What section contains authorities enabling EPA to conduct investigations at sites and facilities where hazardous substances are or may have been generated, stored, treated, disposed, or transported to and from?

		CERCLA sec. 104(e)
		CERCLA sec. 107(c)
		RCRA sec 1004
		RCRA sec 3008

4 points

Question 10

1. Which sequence would correctly represent the highly structured progression of the Superfund process?

		PA, HRS, RI, FS, ROD
		SI, HRS, PA, NPL, RI, FS, ROD
		HRS, SI, PA, RI, NPL, FS, ROD
		PA, SI, HRS, NPL, RI, FS, ROD

4 points

Question 11 – 200 words

1. Access EPA’s “RCRA Clean Up Baseline” webpage, www.epa.gov/earth1r6/6pd/rcra_c/pd-o/rcrabase.htm, and describe the Baseline program along with updating the current status of the program (as referred to in the text on page 230). If possible describe an action that is taking part in your part of the country, or in an area of the country that is of interest to you.

Question 12 – 200 words

1. Can a person or business treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste without interim status or a permit? Please be specific with your explanation. 200 words response