NHSFPX 4000 Capella University Analysis of Medication Errors Discussion Paper

Description

The topic of the work MUST be MEDICAL ERRORS. Please see attached work for reference. “Assignment 2”, which is refered to on the instructions is attatched as a word document. If you are unable to open it please let me know.

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By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:

Competency 1: Apply information literacy and library research skills to obtain scholarly information in the field of health care.
- Use scholarly information to describe and explain a health care problem or issue and identify possible causes for it.
Competency 2: Apply scholarly information through critical thinking to solve problems in the field of health care.
- Analyze a health care problem or issue by describing the context, explaining why it is important and identifying populations affected by it.
- Discuss potential solutions for a health care problem or issue and describe what would be required to implement a solution. NHSFPX 4000 Capella University Analysis of Medication Errors Discussion Paper
Competency 3: Apply ethical principles and academic standards to the study of health care.
- Analyze the ethical implications if a potential solution to a health care problem or issue was implemented.
Competency 4: Write for a specific audience, in appropriate tone and style, in accordance with Capella’s writing standards.
- Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
- Write following APA style for in-text citations, quotes, and references.

INSTRUCTIONS

Note: The requirements outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. At a minimum, be sure to address each point. In addition, you are encouraged to review the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed.

Describe the health care problem or issue you selected for use in Assessment 2 (from the Assessment Topic Areas | Transcript media piece) and provide details about it.
- Explore your chosen topic. For this, you should use the first four steps of the Socratic Problem-Solving Approach to aid your critical thinking. This approach was introduced in Assessment 2.
- Identify possible causes for the problem or issue.
Use scholarly information to describe and explain the health care problem or issue and identify possible causes for it.
- Identify at least three scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles about the topic.
  - You may find the How Do I Find Peer-Reviewed Articles? library guide helpful in locating appropriate references.
  - You may use articles you found while working on Assessment 2 or you may search the Capella library for other articles. NHSFPX 4000 Capella University Analysis of Medication Errors Discussion Paper
  - You may find the applicable Undergraduate Library Research Guide helpful in your search.
- Review the Think Critically About Source Quality to help you complete the following:
  - Assess the credibility of the information sources.
  - Assess the relevance of the information sources.
Analyze the health care problem or issue.
- Describe the setting or context for the problems or issues.
- Describe why the problem or issue is important to you.
- Identify groups of people affected by the problem or issue.
- Provide examples that support your analysis of the problem or issue.
Discuss potential solutions for the health care problem or issue.
- Describe what would be required to implement a solution.
- Describe potential consequences of ignoring the problem or issue.
- Provide the pros and cons for one of the solutions you are proposing.
Analyze the ethical implications if the potential solution (the one for which you provide pros and cons) were to be implemented.
- Provide examples from the literature to support the points you are making.
- Discuss the pros and cons of implementing the proposed solution from an ethical principle point of view.
- Describe what would be required to implement the proposed solution.

Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like:

Assessment 3 Example [PDF].

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Your assessment should also meet the following requirements:

Length: 4–6 typed, double-spaced pages, not including the title page and reference page.
Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.
APA template: Use the APA Style Paper Template [DOCX] as the paper format and the APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOC] for guidance. NHSFPX 4000 Capella University Analysis of Medication Errors Discussion Paper
Written communication: Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
Using outside sources: Integrate information from outside sources into academic writing by appropriately quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing, following APA style.
References: Integrate information from outside sources to include at least three scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles and three in-text citations within the paper.
APA format: Follow current APA guidelines for in-text citations of outside sources in the body of your paper and also on the reference page.

Organize your paper using the following structure and headings:

Title page. A separate page.
Introduction. A brief one-paragraph statement about the purpose of the paper.
Elements of the problem/issue. Identify the elements of the problem or issue or question.
Analysis. Analyze, define, and frame the problem or issue.
Considering options. Consider solutions, responses, or answers.
Solution. Choose a solution, response, or answer.
Ethical implications. Ethical implications of implementing the solution.
Implementation. Implementation of the potential solution.
Conclusion. One paragraph.

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Medication Errors

In the recent times there has been increased concerns about medical errors. The focus has been caused by an increasing cases of incidents where either patients die or get adverse effects due to medication errors. Although, there is a possibility of medical errors, the chances should be slim for healthcare workers because of the fact that they are dealing with human life.

The need to take appropriate action and reduce medication errors is based on studies which show that the common sources of medical errors tiredness, lack of proper training, medical negligence and medication calculations. The positive correlation between tiredness and medication errors is attributed to instances where health workers works for long hours and as a result are likely to commit errors. An instance is where a hospital human resource department creates a schedule for nurses to work on two shifts of 12 hour each. It is practically impossible for the nurses to work for continuous 12 hours with the same level of effectiveness. However, if healthcare workers shift are reduce to say 6 hours a day they are likely to be effective a factor which will lead to a reduction in medication errors.

Identifying Academic Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles

I used Summon, Capella University Library to access healthcare database like ProQuest and PubMed. The Keywords used for the search were medical errors, negligence, medical calculation, tiredness, stress, communication. To ensures my results were limited to reviewed journal articles I limited filtered by including terms like journal articles in nursing and medicine

Assessing Credibility and Relevance of Information Sources

The relevance of the sources was maintaining by limiting my articles to within four years from the time of conducting my research. I checked the credentials to ensure that they are experts or researchers on matters of health a factor which guaranteed the credibility of the sources. The credibility of the sources was also put in check by ensuring that the content of the study is in line with my research topic.

Annotated Bibliography

Ahmed Z, Saada M, Jones A. M, & Al-Hamid A. M (2019) Medical errors: Healthcare professionals’ perspective at a tertiary hospital in Kuwait. PLoS ONE 14(5): e0217023. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217023

This article is privy to the fact sometimes medical errors can be detrimental to the safety of patients. The fact that medical errors are a result of preventable events means it is possible to take some steps to reduce the errors. The findings of this research are informed from a quantitative study of 203 health professionals. The study found that the frequency of medical errors is as high as 60.3% in Kuwait. The negative effects of medication errors led to 30.9% of the patients staying longer in hospitals, 32.3% developing life threatening conditions and about 20.9% incidents of fatalities. According to Ahmed, Saada , Jones, & Al-Hamid (2019) the common causes of medical errors are incomplete instructions, incorrect dosage, high workload, medical negligence and inadequate training.

Gorgich, E. A., Barfroshan, S., Ghoreishi, G., & Yaghoobi, M. (2016). Investigating the Causes of Medication Errors and Strategies to Prevention of Them from Nurses and Nursing Student Viewpoint. Global Journal of Health Science, 8(8), 54448. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n8p220

This article provides information on the major causes of medication errors and then provided some recommendations on what the healthcare sector should do to minimize the errors. According to findings which were based on a descriptive study of about 327 nursing staff and 62 interns from a hospital in Iran, 97.8 % of medication errors are attributed to nurses being tired due to increased workload. While 77.4% were caused by wrong drug calculation. Based on the research finding the authors recommended that there is need for the healthcare sector to address the issues of workload by engaging more medical workers. For instance, by employing more nurses there will be less pressure on the workers a factor which will make them to be alert when attending to patients. Besides, there is need to create a special unit of medication calculation a factor that is likely to reduce the cases of medication errors. NHSFPX 4000 Capella University Analysis of Medication Errors Discussion Paper

Salhotra, R., & Tyagi, A. (2019). Medication errors: They continue. Journal of Anaesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, 35(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.4103/joacp.JOACP_88_19

According to Salhotra & Tyagi (2019), medication errors are caused by inappropriate administration of drugs or procedure by healthcare workers. Besides, the authors note that despite the advancements in technology medication errors continue to persist. The study was based on a number of literature review and found that one of the leading causes of medication errors is communication. This was linked to lack of clarity during verbal communication or as a result of an illegible handwriting. The effect is wrong administration of drugs a factor which may make the patient to experience adverse reactions. This article also highlighted the use of abbreviations as another cause of medication errors. This is common in the administration of LASA drugs. The suggestions for eliminating the errors entails putting in place a computerized physician order entry system and discouraging the use of abbreviation or giving verbal instructions for LASA drugs.

Zyoud, A & Abdullah, N. A. C. (2016). The Effect of Individual Factors on the Medication Error. Global Journal of Health Science. 8. 197. 10.5539/gjhs.v8n12p197.

This article provides some insight on medication errors by noting that this issues has been a thorn in the fresh in the healthcare industry a factor that has attracted attention. The focus is reflected in the increased number of studies which seek to determine the common causes of medication errors and possible solutions. The findings of the article are informed from feedback of about 255 registered nurses. The study highlighted issues like mathematical calculation and lack of proper training to be the major causes of medical errors. It is for this reason that health facilities need to take further steps like retraining the nurses to ensure that they have proper understating of drug calculation. The measure will result in the reduction of medication errors.

Learning from the Research

From the literature reviews I have gained some understanding of medication errors. I found that most medication errors are caused by known issues and this is promising because it can be the basis for instituting appropriate action. Zyoud & Abdullah (2016) noted that most of the medication errors are caused by human factors like tiredness and wrong medical calculations. Based on this facts and the selection of appropriate research articles I will be able to conduct further research and write a good paper on medical errors.

References

Salhotra, R., & Tyagi, A. (2019). Medication errors: They continue. Journal of Anaesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, 35(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.4103/joacp.JOACP_88_19

Zyoud, A & Abdullah, N. A. C. (2016). The Effect of Individual Factors on the Medication Error. Global Journal of Health Science. 8. 197. 10.5539/gjhs.v8n12p197. NHSFPX 4000 Capella University Analysis of Medication Errors Discussion Paper

NHSFPX 4000 Capella University Analysis of Medication Errors Discussion Paper