Cancer And Diagnosis
Cancer And Diagnosis
J.C. is an 82-year-old white man who was evaluated by a GI specialist due to abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, weight loss, weakness, and occasional nausea.
Past Medical History (PMH):
Patient is diabetic, controlled with Metformin 500 mg by mouth twice a day, Lantus 15 units SC bedtime. Hypertensive, controlled with Olmesartan 20 mg by mouth once a day. Atrial fibrillation is controlled with Rivaroxaban (15 mg by mouth once a day) and bisoprolol (10 mg by mouth once a day). Cancer And Diagnosis
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Labs:
Hb 12.7 g/dl; Hct 38.8%; WBC 8.2; Glycemia 74 mg/dl; Creatinine 0.8 mg/dl; BUN 9.8 mg/dl; AST 21 U/L; ALT 17 U/L; Bil T 1.90 mg/dl; Ind 0.69 mg/dl; Dir 1.21 mg/dl.
Diagnostic test:
Endoscopic Ultrasound of the Pancreas. Solid mass in the head of the pancreas, 4 cm, infiltrating the Wirsung duct. The solid mass enables it to infiltrate the superior mesenteric vein. A perilesional node is detected, 1.5 cm, metastatic aspect. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy: ductal adenocarcinoma.
Case study questions:
- Please name the potential most common sites for metastasis on J.C. and why.
- What are tumor cell markers, and why are tumor cell markers ordered for a patient with pancreatic cancer?
- Based on the case study described, proceed to classify the tumor based on the TNM Stage classification. Why is this classification important?
- Discussed characteristics of malignant tumors regarding their cells, growth, and ability to spread.
- Describe the carcinogenesis phase when a tumor metastasizes.
- Choose the tissue level that is affected by the patient discussed above: epithelial, connective, muscular, or neural. Support your answer.
Cancer And Diagnosis
