How does this type of situation contribute to the tension between cost and care? Substantiate your response with at least two outside resources.

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To prepare:

  • Read the the case study “Economic Impact of States Declining Medicaid Expansion”  page 305 of the Milstead text.
  • Review the information in the Washington Post article “Review of Prostate Cancer Drugs Provenge Renews Medical Cost-Benefit Debate” in the Learning Resources.
  • Consider how policy decisions currently are made about what will and will not be paid for and what changes, if any, could improve the process.
  • Reflect on how the Washington Post example illustrates the tension between cost and care.
Post your analysis and assessment of the ethical and economic challenges related to policy decisions such as those presented in the Washington Post article. How does this type of situation contribute to the tension between cost and care? Substantiate your response with at least two outside resources. Washington Post article: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/07/AR2010110705205.html]]>

Identify two ways in which you will continue to integrate evidence into your practice and encourage it within your work environment.

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How did each painting reflect or inspire social change or revolution? What was the social or revolutionary context of the painting?

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Instructions Art as Revolution This week, we have studied works of art produced in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that reflected, or in some cases, incited, social change or even revolution. Carefully examine the following works, and read about each one in your textbook, course and video lectures, and through reliable internet resources:

  • Hogarth, The Marriage Contract, from Marriage à la Mode, 1743-45
  • David, Death of Marat, 1793
  • Delacroix ,Liberty Leading the People, 1830
  • Goya, Third of May, 1808, 1814-15
  • Courbet, The Stone Breakers, 1849
In an essay of 5-7 well-developed paragraphs, address the following questions, making specific references to the five paintings listed above:
  1. How did each painting reflect or inspire social change or revolution? What was the social or revolutionary context of the painting?
  2. What additional historical events or social factors may have influenced the creation or interpretation of each painting?
  3. Explain how the style and specific visual characteristics of each painting contributed to or reflected its overall content or meaning.
  4. Do these paintings have the same impact or meaning to audiences today? Why or why not?
Include details about the visual characteristics and content of each painting in your response. Provide proper citations for any information from outside sources included in your essay.]]>

Identify a key leader from this list (or another,      not listed here, you wish to research).

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  • Identify a key leader from this list (or another,      not listed here, you wish to research).
  • Present a profile of this individual and how they have      impacted continuous improvement in health care.
  • Identify what you believe are the three most important      concepts that they have they have presented as a part of their work.
  • Explain why you think these are important and how you      might include them in your role today or in your future health care      career.
    • The paper should be 750-words, have at least three references outside the assigned text and must have APA formatting. The Written Assignments must reflect college-level writing and thinking. The paper should be 750-words, have at  least three references outside the assigned text and must have APA  formatting. The Written Assignments must reflect college-level writing  and thinking.]]>

    Identify the association between the risk factor and health outcome you selected and suggest which observational study design you feel is most appropriate for examining that association.

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    Observational Study Designs A clinical pediatric nurse has noticed a rise in childhood cancer diagnoses among the Hispanic population served by the local clinic. The nurse is concerned about this increase in cancer incidence in the patient population and turns to the literature to explore current research on this topic. The nurse finds through the reading that there appears to be an association between parental smoking and childhood cancer and wonders if this could be the cause of the rise in cases. This type of suspected association between a risk factor (exposure) and a particular outcome (childhood cancer) can be evaluated using an observational study design. This week, you were introduced to observational study designs used in epidemiology. For this Discussion, you will identify an epidemiologic association of interest (e.g., smoking and lung cancer, obesity and heart disease, hormone replacement/modification therapy and breast cancer) and determine an appropriate observational study design for exploring that association. To prepare:

    • Review      the different types of observational study designs presented in the      Learning Resources: ecologic, cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort.
    • Carefully      examine the characteristics, strengths, and limitations of each design.
    • Consider      an association between a risk factor and a particular health outcome that      is of interest to you. Then, select the observational study design you      think would be the most appropriate for exploring this association.
    • Consider      how using observational study designs can lead to improvements in      population health.
    By tomorrow 03/14/2018 12 noon, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with at least 3 scholarly references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one headings as numbered below: Post a cohesive response that addresses the following: 1) Identify the association between the risk factor and health outcome you selected and suggest which observational study design you feel is most appropriate for examining that association. 2) Support your selection of the observational design, noting its strengths and limitations for addressing the health problem. 3) What might you be able to learn by using your selected study design that might lead to improvements in population health? Support your response with evidence from the literature. Required Readings Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2014). Epidemiology for public health practice (5th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett. Chapter 6, “Study Designs: Ecologic, Cross-Sectional, Case Control” Chapter 7, “Study Designs: Cohort Studies” Chapter 6 presents an overview of analytic study designs used in epidemiology, differentiating between experimental studies (which will be addressed next week) and observational studies (the focus of this week). In the chapter, the authors address three varieties of observational studies—ecological, cross-sectional, and case control. Chapter 7 addresses cohort studies, another form of observational design. Doll, R., & Hill, A. B. (1999). Smoking and carcinoma of the lung. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 77(1), 84–93. This landmark case-control study established the relationship between smoking and lung cancer. Framingham Heart Study. (1998). Epidemiological background and design: The Framingham study. Retrieved from https://biolincc.nhlbi.nih.gov/static/studies/framcohort/Epidemiological_Background_and_Design.pdf The Framingham Heart Study is one of the first and largest cohort studies that measured the distribution of suspected risk factors in a large population and then tracked the development of heart disease in that cohort. Papathanasiou, A. A., & Zintzaras, E. (2010). Assessing the quality of reporting of observational studies in cancer. Annals of Epidemiology, 20(1), 67–73.  In this article, the authors assess the quality of reporting of observational cancer studies, noting opportunities for improvement. Von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2007). Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. Annals of Internal Medicine, 147(8), 573–577. A consortium of scientists and medical researchers created a checklist of 22 recommended items that should be included in reports about three common observational study designs: case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies. This collaborative effort is an important step toward the goal of improving the quality, credibility, and generalizability of analytical research. Healthy People 2020. (2011). Topics & objectives index. Retrieved from http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/default.aspx Healthy People 2020 focuses on improving population health locally and nationally. Review the topics and objectives of Healthy People 2020 as you prepare for Assignment 2. Required Media Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012). Epidemiology and population health: Observational studies [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author. Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 9 minutes. In this week’s program, the presenters discuss observational studies as a means of establishing an association between an exposure or risk factor and a disease outcome. Two types of observational designs are featured: cohort and case control studies. Optional Resources The following ERIC notebook guides present information in a reader-friendly study guide format. Ibrahim, M., Alexander, L., Shy, C., & Farr, S. (1999). Cohort studies. ERIC Notebook, 3, 1–4. Retrieved from http://cphp.sph.unc.edu/trainingpackages/ERIC/eric_notebook_3.pdf Ibrahim, M., Alexander, L., Shy, C., & Farr, S. (1999). Incidence measures in cohort studies. ERIC Notebook, 4, 1–4. Retrieved from http://cphp.sph.unc.edu/trainingpackages/ERIC/eric_notebook_4.pdf Ibrahim, M., Alexander, L., Shy, C., & Farr, S. (1999). Case-control studies. ERIC Notebook, 5, 1–4. Retrieved from http://cphp.sph.unc.edu/trainingpackages/ERIC/eric_notebook_5.pdf Ibrahim, M., Alexander, L., Shy, C., & Farr, S. (1999). Cross-sectional studies. ERIC Notebook, 7, 1–4. Retrieved from http://cphp.sph.unc.edu/trainingpackages/ERIC/eric_notebook_7.pdf Ibrahim, M., Alexander, L., Shy, C., & Farr, S. (2000). Ecologic studies. ERIC Notebook, 12, 1–4. Retrieved from http://cphp.sph.unc.edu/trainingpackages/ERIC/eric_notebook_12.pdf]]>

    Explains how a crisis situation affects community health, in both the short-term and the long-term.

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    hese questions deal with hurricane Katrina vs hurricane Harvey:   How a Crisis Situation Affects Community Health Explains how a crisis situation affects community health, in both the short-term and the long-term. Different Approaches for Responding to a Community Crisis Compares and contrasts different approaches for responding to a community crisis, and identifies key lessons learned that can be applied to similar situations. Obstacles to Providing Health Care Services Related To a Community Crisis Describes obstacles to providing health care services related to a community crisis, and identifies strategies for overcoming obstacles. Recommend an Evidence-Based Nursing Response for Providing Health Care Services Related To Community Crises Recommends an evidence-based nursing response for providing health care services related to community crises, and clearly shows how the response will be effective and efficient. Current Practices for Providing Health Care Services Related To Community Crises Explains current practices for providing health care services related to community crises, and identifies key areas for improvement.
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