What is the etiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis?

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Need 2 nursing post done. Please make sure you answer every question.

Requirements (FOR EACH POST****)

· 350 words min

· 1 scholarly source *less than 5 years*

· APA format

POST 1

Ms. Blake is an older adult with diabetes and has been too ill to get out of bed for 2 days. She has had a severe cough and has been unable to eat or drink during this time. She has a history of Type I diabetes. On admission her laboratory values show:

Sodium (Na+)

156 mEq/L

Potassium (K+)

4.0 mEq/L

Chloride (Cl–)

115 mEq/L

Arterial blood gases (ABGs)

pH- 7.30; Pco2-40; Po2-70; HCO3-20

Normal values

Sodium (Na+)

136-146 mEq/L

Potassium (K+)

3.5-5.1 mEq/L

Chloride (Cl–)

98-106 mEq/L

Arterial blood gases (ABGs)

pH- 7.35-7.45

Pco2- 35-45 mmHg

Po2-80-100 mmHg

HCO3–22-28 mEq/L

1. What is the etiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis?

2. Describe the pathophysiological process of Diabetic Ketoacidosis.

3. Identify the hallmark symptoms of Diabetic Ketoacidosis.

4. Identify any abnormal lab results provided in the case and explain why these would be abnormal given the patient’s condition.

5. What teaching would you provide this patient to avoid Diabetic Ketoacidosis symptoms?

POST 2

A three-month-old baby boy comes into your clinic with the main complaint that he frequently vomits after eating. He often has a swollen upper belly after feeding and acts fussy all the time. According to his parents, the vomiting has become more frequent this past week and he is beginning to lose weight. After careful history taking, a thorough physical exam and diagnostic work-up, the patient is diagnosed with pyloric stenosis.

1. What is the etiology of pyloric stenosis?

2. Describe in detail the pathophysiological process of pyloric stenosis.

3. Identify hallmark signs identified from the physical exam and presenting symptoms. What diagnostic tests would help to confirm the diagnosis of pyloric stenosis?

4. Describe the pathophysiology of complications of pyloric stenosis.

5. What teaching would you provide this patient/parents regarding pyloric stenosis?

What are the Health Insurance Marketplaces, and how do consumers enroll in health insurance?

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NUR 3805 Dimensions of Professional Nursing Practice

Health Care Reform Paper

Purpose: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) was a sweeping health reform statute signed into law by President Obama in March of 2010. The ACA is the most significant government expansion and regulatory overhaul of the health system since the advent of Medicare and Medicaid.  The intent of the law is to expand insurance coverage, control health care costs, and to improve healthcare delivery systems.  Even as the ACA rolls out, much of the population (including nurses) lack understanding of the ACA, and question the value of the law in achieving its intended results. This assignment gives students the opportunity to explore how healthcare is organized and financed, and discuss how the Affordable Care Act affects population health, patient care quality and safety, and the practice of nursing.

Prepare: Complete the “Health Care Reform” study guide, watch videos and read the articles provided in the module.

Content: For the Health Care Reform PAPER, select ONE of the following questions that addresses/explores one aspect of the ACA. Write a brief (2-3 page) paper in APA format that provides a clear description that answers the question, AND reflect on why this information is important to you in your practice as a nurse, as a family member and/or as member of your community.

Choose ONE topic/question:

1. Describe the Affordable Care Act (ACA), including the major goals and features of the law. How does the ACA differ from government-run healthcare in other countries?

2. What are the Health Insurance Marketplaces, and how do consumers enroll in health insurance? How do the exchanges work?

3. Describe the Medicare program, including eligibility, and program elements (Parts A, B, C, D). Describe Medicare expenditures for the most recent year.

4. Describe the Medicaid program, including eligibility by age and income. Explain Medicaid Expansion programs proposed under the ACA, and the current status of expansion programs in the United States.

5. One of the goals of the ACA is to decrease the number of uninsured people. How well has this goal been achieved? What population groups have been impacted the most by this increased coverage?

6. Define the concept of Hospital Value-based Purchasing (also known as pay-for-performance or performance-based reimbursement.  Provide examples of how hospitals are affected by value-based purchasing policies.

7. Define Medical Homes and Accountable Care Organizations.  How can these approaches improve population health, improve the quality of healthcare and lower costs?

Format: Apply APA format and style guidelines to write a 2- to 3-page paper, which should include a minimum of three references, one or more of which is an article from a peer-reviewed journal. No abstract is required for this paper.

Discussion:

See Discussion assignment instructions; students will post one substantive post and one substantive peer response to the following question: What does the Affordable Care Act mean for nursing? Base your initial post on information described in your Health Care Reform paper, supplemented by the Luther and Hart article (and/or more resources)! Grading will be evaluated by the Discussion Board Grading Rubric.

Health Care Reform Paper Grading Rubric

Criteria Ratings
Explain concepts introduced in question, including and citing reliable sources (government organizations, reliable foundations, peer-reviewed journal articles). Narrative demonstrates understanding of concepts and programs described; information cited from reliable sources =50 Description of concepts lacks accuracy or clarity or extensive use of quotations = 35 Minimal description of concepts introduced in question; sources are not adequately cited and/or are not reliable =10
Why this information is important to you Thoughtful reflections of why healthcare program or reform is important to you as a nurse, as a family member and/or as member of your community = 30 Little reflection on what was presented in the paper or extensive use of quotations = 15 Minimal or missing reflection = 0
APA and Scholarly Writing Follows APA style and format with rare and minor exceptions; scholarly and objective writing = 20 APA and writing have a few mistakes OR body of paper exceeds 3 pages by one additional page = 10 More than a few APA errors; OR body of paper exceeds 4 pages = 0
Possible Points = 100

What evidence is there about providing care for patients of all cultures

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U5D2
TYPE – Scholar Practitioner
1A. Using the National Center for Complimentary and Integrated Health (NCCIH) at https://nccih.nih.gov/, provide research about a  complementary therapy. Provide a summary overview of the therapy. What evidence is there about providing care for patients of all cultures. Discuss how you would work with a patient to integrate the therapy into his/her care plan.

1B. Using transcultural care concepts, provide evidence based practice guidelines that illustrate how linguistic challenges interfere with culturally competent care. What are the safety concerns for APNP providers?

Students are expected to:

  1. Post an initial substantive response of 200-250 words to

Explain the natural history of this condition, including the incubation period (for infectious diseases) or the latency period (for chronic conditions).

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Situation Analysis Proposal

This week you take the first steps towards completing your situation analysis and elevator pitch. Choose a specific condition that will be the focus of your situation analysis and elevator pitch.

 

In this assignment you will utilize the epidemiological triad you were exposed to this week in the reading and lecture to explain your specific condition. This means you’ll need to explain the host, the infective agent and the environment that brings them together. In addition, provide the history of the condition and a problem statement. Make sure your submission includes the following items:

 

  • Disease: State the disease you have chosen, the community, and the associated rate of mortality or morbidity.
  • History: Explain the natural history of this condition, including the incubation period (for infectious diseases) or the latency period (for chronic conditions).
  • Epidemiological Triad: Describe the host, the agent, and the environment which may interact within the same ecological system and have contributed to this condition.
  • Problem Statement: Conclude with a problem statement. This problem statement names the health issue (diabetes) and indicates who is affected (Puerto Rican Immigrants), where (Lancaster County) and, if known, the extent of the problem (a high amount). A well-written problem statement has the added benefit of providing specific search terms to use in collecting documents for the literature review

What incivility literature evidence is available that supports that conflict resolution impacts work environments and patient care?

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U5D1
TYPE – Reflective Practitioner
All of us have been involved in various kinds of conflicts related to our work environment. Using a situation that you were involved in, describe the conflict and how it was handled.

  • Was the outcome positive or negative?
  • How did the involved parties feel about the resolution, did they feel that they were heard, that their issues were resolved in an appropriate manner?
  • Based on what you have read in this unit, what could have been done to improve both the situation and the outcome?
  • What is professional civility/incivility?
  • How does this impact professional relationships an patient care outcomes?
  • What incivility literature evidence is available that supports that conflict resolution impacts work environments and patient care?

Students are expected to:

  1. Post an initial substantive response of 200-250 words to

Post a brief description of three emerging trends that are affecting health care today

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Emerging Trends in Health Care

 

For health care providers, changes in governmental policies, local and national economics, and the need to integrate new technologies, tests, and procedures can all impact the financial situation of an organization. In addressing financial issues, a myriad of factors must be considered, such as the varying objectives of those providing care, resource availability, the population being served, and the implementation of government policies. As a nurse manager, you must consider the potential positive and negative impacts of new trends on your organization and all its stakeholders.

 

In this Discussion, you evaluate how emerging trends in the health care field impact health care decisions for patients, doctors, and nurses.

 

To prepare:

Review the Learning Resources for this week, focusing on the role of nurse managers in making financial decisions.

Conduct additional research in the Walden Library and other relevant sources, to identify three emerging trends that are affecting health care today.

Select one trend to discuss in detail and evaluate its implications for the delivery of care from the perspective of doctors, nurses, and patients.

Reflect on how this trend might impact quality of care.

 

Post a brief description of three emerging trends that are affecting health care today. Evaluate the implication of one of these trends on the delivery of health care from the perspectives of doctors, nurses, and patients. Explain how this trend might impact the quality of care.

 

AND

 

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days. Identify those who described a trend that is of particular interest to you and comment on why you find that trend to be interesting and how it could impact what you do on a daily basis.

 

(I will send the responses soon)

Validate an idea with your own experience and additional sources.

 

Required Readings

Baker, J., & Baker, R. W. (2014). Health care finance: Basic tools for nonfinancial managers (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 2, “Four Things the Healthcare Manager Needs to Know About Financial Management Systems” (pp. 11–21)

 

This chapter focuses on the overall financial management system within an organization and identifies the basic system elements.

 

Zelman, W., McCue, M., & Glick, N. (2009). Financial management of health care organizations: An introduction to fundamental tools, concepts, and applications (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Jossey-Bass.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

 

Chapter 1, “The Context of Health Care Financial Management” (pp. 1–23)

 

This chapter offers differing perspectives on the causes of a “health care system in distress.” The chapter explores the factors behind rising health care costs, the efforts to control costs, and the ethical issues that affect both.

 

Note: This eBook is accessible through the Course Readings List located in the Course Materials section of the Syllabus.

Sanford, K. (2011). The case for nursing leadership development. Health care Financial Management, 65(3), 100–104, 106.

 

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

 

This article details the costs of ineffective management and leadership to a health care organization. Management and leadership are defined as “a discipline” and “an art,” requiring commitment to the organization’s goals, to the team, and to the patient.

Waldman, D. (2014). The health of healthcare, part V: Is the very freedom of providers at risk? The Journal of Medical Practice Management: MPM, 29, (6), 366-368.

Reprinted by permission of Greenbranch Publishing via the Copyright Clearance Center.

 

This article discusses how U. S health providers lose their fiduciary responsibility to patients when compliant with the Affordable Health Care Act.

Studer, Q. (2010). Do your nurses speak finance? Health care Financial Management, 64(6), 80–84.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

 

This article discusses the importance of nurses understanding finance in a health care organization. The article stresses the importance of teaching clinicians the skills necessary to understand and make a difference in the current financial system of health care.

King, M. (2012). Health reform: Special report. Health reform turns two: After passage of the Affordable Care Act, the work—and the criticisms—persist. State Legislatures, 38(3), 12–17.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

 

This article discusses the Affordable Care Act and details changes that still need to be implemented. The article also examines how the legislation has altered the way state legislatures handle health care in the United States.

Harris, J. L., & Ott, K. (2008). Building the business case for the clinical nurse leader role. NurseLeader, 9(1), 28–31.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

 

This article stresses the need for nurses and physicians to “take the lead” in teaming up with business and financial leaders in their organizations to make improvements. The author describes the benefits both business and financial leaders will reap from their enhanced relationship.

White, K. (2011). Back to basics: The challenges of a nurse executive. Nurse Leader, 9(2), 27–30.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

 

This article discusses the challenges faced by nursing executives in a difficult economic climate. Between budgets, technology, and quality controls, the author discusses the need for a focus back on the basics of nursing in order to produce quality health care and successful financial budgeting.

Alliance for Health Reform. (2012). Quality of care. In Covering health issues (6th ed.). Washington DC: Author. Retrieved from http://www.allhealth.org/sourcebooktoc.asp?SBID=5

 

This chapter examines the flaws of the American health care system. The author describes the various consequences of mistakes and how addressing the issues will improve the quality of health care.

Alliance for Health Reform (2012). Cost drivers in health care. Retrieved from http://www.allhealth.org/publications/Cost_of_health_care/Cost_Drivers_in_Health_Care_109.pdf

 

This article describes factors that drive up costs in health care. The article categorizes the various factors and underscores the importance of their interactions.

Optional Resources

Alliance for Health Reform. (2012). What are some smarter ways to pay for health care? [Video]. Available from http://www.allhealth.org/pubs_videos.asp?vid=12 (Video)

 

In this video, Karen Davis, president of The Commonwealth Fund, discusses the future issues that health care organizations will face in trying to reduce costs while still providing quality care. She suggests that comparative effectiveness research should be undertaken to determine best financial practices.

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Create a holistic care plan for disease prevention, health promotion, and acute care of the patient in the clinical case.

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Case Study Analysis and Care Plan Creation

Click here to download and analyze the case study for this week. Create a holistic care plan for disease prevention, health promotion, and acute care of the patient in the clinical case. Your care plan should be based on current evidence and nursing standards of care.

Visit the online library and research for current scholarly evidence (no older than 5 years) to support your nursing actions. In addition, consider visiting government sites such as the CDC, WHO, AHRQ, Healthy People 2020. Provide a detailed scientific rationale justifying the inclusion of this evidence in your plan.

Next determine the ICD-10 classification (diagnoses). The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) is the official system used in the United States to classify and assign codes to health conditions and related information.

Click here to access the codes.

You are expected to develop a comprehensive care plan based on your assessment, diagnosis, and advanced nursing interventions. Reflect on what you have learned about care plans through independent research and peer discussions, and incorporate the knowledge that you have gained into your patient’s care plan.

Format

Click here to download the care plan template to help you design a holistic patient care plan.

Your care plan should be formatted as a Microsoft Word document. Follow APA style. Your paper should be 2 to 4 pages double-spaced and in 12pt font.

discuss what the advanced practice nurse includes in the educational plan for the patient who has yet to develop heart disease.

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Guidelines: Support your responses with scholarly academic references using APA style format. Assigned course readings and online library resources are preferred. Weekly lecture notes are designed as overviews to the topic for the respective week and should not serve as a citation or reference.

In your discussion question response, provide a substantive response that illustrates a well-reasoned and thoughtful response; is factually correct with relevant scholarly citations, references, and examples; and that demonstrates a clear connection to the readings.

In your participation responses to your peers, comments must demonstrate thorough analysis of postings and extend meaningful discussion by building on previous postings.

Note: Review South University’s Substantive Participation Policy Criteria, Helpful Tips, and Late Policy available by clicking on the South University Policy and Guidelines navigation tab. The late policy applies to late discussion question responses.

1. Discuss any three risk factors associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Do not just list the risk factor. You need to actually note each factor and discuss how each risk factor is a risk factor.

2. For any one of these risk factors, discuss what the advanced practice nurse includes in the educational plan for the patient who has yet to develop heart disease.

**Complete 1 AND 2 above**

Make sure you adopt an integrated approach to assess your patient’s needs. Your focus here is on primary prevention.

Possible headings for your post: (APA headings are required for scholarly writing and APA is worth 10 points on the forum grading criteria)

Discussion of 3 Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease

Educational Plan for 1 Risk Factor In A Client Who Has Not Developed Heart Disease (Primary Prevention)

Be sure to include a detailed educational plan and share your educational resources that will be utilized within the plan.

What obligation does a health care facility have to protect workers from violence?

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Overview

A new initiative has been introduced to educate nurses, health care workers, and social services workers on how to prevent workplace violence where you work. Write a 750–1,000-word article on workplace violence and prevention measures for the hospital employee newsletter.

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:

•Competency 1: Explain the effect of health care policies, legislation, and legal issues on health care delivery and patient outcomes. ◦Identify the political, legal, and/or legislative factors that may contribute to violence in health care settings.

•Competency 2: Explain the effect of regulatory environments and controls on health care delivery and patient outcomes. ◦Identify the main components of OSHA’s workplace violence prevention guidelines.

◦Explain the American Nursing Association’s position on violence in the workplace.

◦Explain safety policies and protocols for preventing and responding to violence against health care workers.

•Competency 4: Communicate in a manner that is consistent with expectations of nursing professionals. ◦Write content clearly and logically, with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.

◦Correctly format citations and references using APA style.

Context

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (2002) defines workplace violence as any physical assault, threatening behavior, or verbal abuse occurring in the workplace. Violence includes overt and covert behaviors ranging in aggressiveness from verbal harassment to murder.

Specific to hospital workers, studies by the Institute for Occupational safety and Health (NIOSH) show that:

Violence often takes place during times of high activity and interaction with patients, such as at meal times and during visiting hours and patient transportation. Assaults may occur when service is denied, when a patient is involuntarily admitted, or when a health care worker attempts to set limits on eating, drinking, or tobacco or alcohol use. (2002, para. 4)

Reference

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. (2002). Violence: Occupational hazards in hospitals. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2002-101

Questions to Consider

To deepen your understanding, you are encouraged to consider the questions below and discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested friend, or a member of your professional community.

•What are the more common reasons for workplace violence?

•What clinical risk factors can lead to workplace violence?

•What obligation does a health care facility have to protect workers from violence?

•What personal safety strategies do you have to protect yourself from violence at work?

Suggested Resources

The following optional resources are provided to support you in completing the assessment or to provide a helpful context. For additional resources, refer to the Research Resources and Supplemental Resources in the left navigation menu of your courseroom.

Library Resources

The following e-books or articles from the Capella University Library are linked directly in this course:

•Doby, V. (2015). Leadership’s role in eliminating workplace violence and changing perceptions in the emergency department. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 41(1), 7.

•Blando, J., Ridenour, M., Hartley, D., & Casteel, C. (2015). Barriers to effective implementation of programs for the prevention of workplace violence in hospitals. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 20(1), 1–11.

•Bruce, M. D., & Nowlin, W. A. (2011). Workplace violence: Awareness, prevention, and response. Public Personnel Management, 40(4), 293–308.

•Saltzberg, C. W., & Clark, C. M. (2015). A bold call to action: Mobilizing nurses and employers to prevent and address incivility, bullying, and workplace violence. (2015). American Nurse Today, 10(8), 1.

•Gillespie, G. L., Gates, D. M., Miller, M., & Howard, P. K. (2010). Workplace violence in healthcare settings: Risk factors and protective strategies. Rehabilitation Nursing, 35(5), 177–184.

•Magnavita, N. (2014). Workplace violence and occupational stress in healthcare workers: A chicken-and-egg situation-results of a 6-year follow-up study. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 46(5), 366–376.

•Speegle-Clark, K. (2013). Violence in the workplace: A prevention program for healthcare workers. (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 1539707).

•Papa, A., & Venella, J. (2013). Workplace violence in healthcare: Strategies for advocacy. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 18(1), 1.

Internet Resources

Access the following resources by clicking the links provided. Please note that URLs change frequently. Permissions for the following links have been either granted or deemed appropriate for educational use at the time of course publication.

•United States Department of Labor, Occupational Health & Safety Administration. (n.d.). Workplace violence. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthcarefacilities/violence.html

•United States Department of Labor, Occupational Health and Safety Administration. (n.d.). Workplace violence prevention – Health care and social service workers. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/dte/library/wp-violence/healthcare/

•AACN. (n.d.). Position statement: Workplace violence prevention. Retrieved from http://www.aacn.org/WD/Practice/Docs/Workplace_Violence.pdf

•Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. (n.d.). Occupational violence. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/violence/training_nurses.html

•Liss, G. M. (2000). Violence in the health care workplace. CMAJ, 162(4). Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1231158/

Assessment Instructions

Your workplace has experienced some serious problems with workplace violence that occurred between patients and caregivers. A new initiative has been introduced to educate nurses, health care workers, and social services workers on how to prevent workplace violence. You have been asked to write an article on workplace violence and prevention measures for the hospital employee newsletter.

Preparation

Search the library and the Internet for scholarly and professional peer-reviewed articles on workplace violence. You will need at least five articles to use as support for your work on this assessment.

Directions

Write a 750–1,000-word article (3–4 pages) on workplace violence and prevention measures for the hospital employee newsletter. Address the following in your article:

•Identify the political, legal, and/or legislative factors that may contribute to violence in health care settings. Consider the types of patients that may be treated within a clinical or hospital setting.

•Compare OSHA regulations and the ANA position statement on workplace violence to organizational policies.

•Explain safety policies and protocols for preventing and responding to violence against health care workers.

Additional Requirements

Your presentation should meet the following requirements:

•Written communication: Written communication should be free of errors that detract from the overall message.

•References: Cite a minimum of five resources, with the majority being peer-reviewed sources. Your reference list should be appropriate to the body of literature available on this topic that has been published in the past 5 years.

•APA format: Resources and citations should be formatted according to current APA style and formatting.

•Length: 750– 1,000 words or 3–4 typed, double-spaced pages, excluding title page and reference page. Use Microsoft Word to complete the assessment.

•Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12-point.

How can an industrial hygienist determine how much risk is acceptable?

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Industrial Hygiene-

Discussion-

Risk perception is influenced by many factors. Reflect on your personal and professional life and share with the class an example of an experience that you have had that had a profound impact on your perception of risk. For example, consider someone who was seriously injured in an automobile accident and was not wearing a seat belt. As a result of that experience, that individual may now perceive the risk of injury caused by not wearing a seat belt as significantly higher than the rick involved when wearing a seatbelt. Consequently, this individual now wears a seat belt whenever driving a car to reduce the risk of injury to an acceptable level.

1) Define exposure assessment, and describe the seven steps involved in an exposure-assessment strategy. Apply each step to a scenario where you, as an industrial hygienist, are asked to describe a worker’s exposure to cadmium during a brazing operation. Your response should be at least 200 words in length.

2) What are the elements of the risk-assessment paradigm? How can these elements be applied in a workplace setting in which an emergency responder is addressing a large spill of trichloroethylene? Describe how risk assessment can be used in industrial hygiene practice. Your response should be at least 200 words in length.

3) In your own words, define risk. What are the four functions of risk? How can these four functions be used to make risk decisions? List the factors that affect risk perception in the workplace. How can an industrial hygienist determine how much risk is acceptable? Your response should be at least 200 words in length.

4) Define instantaneous monitoring, integrated monitoring, personal monitoring, and area monitoring, and explain the differences among each one. Provide a scenario in which in each method would be used. Your response should be at least 200 words in length.

5) Discuss methods that can help prevent musculoskeletal disorders in the workplace. Your response should be at least 200 words in length.

6) Describe how noise and vibration hazards can affect the human body. What are some methods for mitigating these hazards? Your response should be at least 200 words in length.