Australian Healthcare System Essay

Australian Healthcare System Essay

  1. Part of your education includes experiences in different types of healthcare settingsa)a)Explain the philosophy of primary health care and the principles of wellness. (100 words) b)What is the difference between primary health and acute health settings? (50 words) Australian Healthcare System Essay

 2. Mr Alexopoulos, is an 88 year-old man who has migrated from Greece and lives alone. He speaks very basic English only. In the past year he has fallen twice at home, once by tripping over a rug and once when he got up to go to the bathroom at night. He has become increasingly afraid of falling again and tends to restrict his activities in the home. He goes out only when accompanied by his son

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  • Using the information provided above, outline the biopsychosocial and cultural health care considerations that indicate that Mr Alexopoulos should not live alone in the house. (50 words)
  • What aspects of Mr Alexopoulos’ environment need to be assessed (include internal and external factors)? (100 words)
  • Explain specific interventions you would design to ensure Mr Alexopoulos’ safety in his home (100 words)
  • What allied health and community services referrals would you suggest to assist Mr Alexopoulos to maintain his independence? (50 words)

3. Choose one of the theories listed below and explain how it would apply in one of the following different healthcare settings: Aged Care; Palliative Care; Mental Health or Acute Hospitals

  • Peplau’s theory
  • Systems theory
  • Basic human needs theory
  • Developmental theory
  • Psychosocial theory

4. Many countries suffer health inequalities, including Australia – specifically within the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) community. In Western societies social issues continue to emerge as the gap between those with and those without economic resources grows. Australian Healthcare System Essay

  • In what ways does an individual’s financial status affect their ability to access health resources?  (150 words)
  • List the social determinants that disadvantage people and create health inequalities. In your answer include the common health inequalities for the ATSI community (50 words). Australian Healthcare System Essay

5. Discuss the following features of the Australian health care system in a Australian Healthcare System Essay:

  • State vs Federal Government allocation of health funds (i.e. what does the State Government fund and what does the Federal Government fund) (150 words)
  • Outline and compare Medicare vs Private Health Insurance (100 words)
  • Aged Care – including which tier of Government is responsible for this area and the allocation of funds.  Include in your answer the accreditation process (200 words).
  • Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) (50 words

Australian Healthcare System Essay

Standards and Regulation for Healthcare Administrators Essay

Standards and Regulation for Healthcare Administrators Essay

Read three scholarly peer-reviewed articles on the standards and regulation for healthcare administrators such as medical privacy, HIPAA, HITECH, MMA, medical staff credentialing and privileges. Write a 3-4 page paper providing a brief summary of the key points in each article from a legal and ethical perspective, then compare and contrast the findings and recommendations from the perspective of a healthcare administrator or chief of medical staff.

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Your paper should meet the following requirements:

  • Be 3-4 pages in length, not including the cover or reference pages.
  • Be formatted according to the APA referencing
  • Provide full APA citations for articles under review.
  • Utilize headings to organize the content in your work.

Client /Patient-Centred and/or Family-Centred Approach

Client /Patient-Centred and/or Family-Centred Approach

For this assignment, you are required to choose one (1) client scenario from the two options given below and address the following criteria:

  1. Provide an overview of the chosen client’s chronic condition/illness;
  2. Describe two (2) actual and/or potential health concerns for the client;

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  3. Identify two (2) appropriate topics for client education (one topic for each health concern). Explain how each topic addresses the actual and/or potential health concern for the client and how each topic will assist the client to self-manage their chronic condition and optimise their health;
  4. Describe two (2) specific, appropriate client education strategies that the Registered Nurse would use to teach the chosen education topics (one strategy for each topic). Include details of how the education will be structured and delivered (i.e. method/tool used, setting for education, participants to be involved, etc).
  5. Justify your choice of education strategies for this particular client.

NOTE:

  • ●  Ensure you use a client /patient-centred and/or family-centred approach that optimises individual self-management and promotes active participation of the individual and family in illness management.
  • ●  You must support all sections of your essay with scholarly literature from the past 10 years.

 

 

Evidence-Based Practice Proposal – Bedside Nursing

Evidence-Based Practice Proposal – Bedside Nursing

Details:

To begin, work through the reference list that was created in the “Section B: Problem Description” assignment in Topic 2. Appraise each resource using the “Rapid Critical Appraisal Checklists,” available in the textbook appendix. The specific checklist you use will be determined by the type of evidence within the resource.

Develop a research table to organize and summarize the research studies. Using a summary table allows you to be more concise in your narrative description. Only research studies used to support your intervention are summarized in this table. Refer to the “Evaluation Table Template,” available in the textbook appendix. Use the “Evaluation Table Template” as an adaptable template. Evidence-Based Practice Proposal – Bedside Nursing

Write a narrative of 750-1,000 words (not including the title page and references) that presents the research support for the projects problem and proposed solution. Make sure to do the following:

  1. Include a description of the search method (e.g., databases, keywords, criteria for inclusion and exclusion, and number of studies that fit your criteria).
  2. Summarize all of the research studies used as evidence. The essential components of each study need to be described so that readers can evaluate its scientific merit, including study strengths and limitations.
  3. Incorporate a description of the validity of the internal and external research.

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It is essential to make sure that the research support for the proposed solution is sufficient, compelling, relevant, and from peer-reviewed professional journal articles.

Although you will not be submitting the checklist information or the evaluation table you design in Topic 3 with the narrative, the checklist information and evaluation table should be placed in the appendices for the final paper.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

Upon receiving feedback from the instructor, refine “Section C: Literature Support” for your final submission. This will be a continuous process throughout the course for each section. Evidence-Based Practice Proposal – Bedside Nursing

Nursing Research and Informatics Course Competencies

Nursing Research and Informatics Course Competencies

  • Identify the way health informatics and new technologies have impacted and improved patient outcomes.
  • Evaluate the safeguards and ethical standards needed to promote and support data security, patient confidentiality and regulatory requirements.

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  • Explore the effective use of patient care technologies, communication systems, and information systems across the health-illness continuum.
  • Examine ethics in nursing research and scholarship and the relationships between theory, research, and behavior in the application of evidence-based nursing practice.

Assessment, Communication, and Collaboration Course Competencies

Assessment, Communication, and Collaboration Course Competencies

This course will give you the opportunity to demonstrate and increase your knowledge and understanding of individual- and community-health assessment strategies.

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In this course, you will…

  • Analyze effective health assessment methods, communication strategies, and interdisciplinary collaboration techniques used in a variety of health care settings.
  • Conduct comprehensive, evidence-based health assessments that encompass environmental, genetic, cultural, ethnic, and socioeconomic factors.
  • Consider the skills needed by the members of collaborative interdisciplinary teams in order to promote evidence-based quality care for individuals, groups, communities, and diverse populations.
  • Examine ways of adapting your communication style to meet the specific needs of your audience.

Orientation to Baccalaureate Nursing

Orientation to Baccalaureate Nursing

This course is the beginning of your BSN learning program. To successfully complete this course, you will be expected to:

  1. Articulate how the nurse functions as an evolving scholar.

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  2. Analyze the role and expectations of the professional nurse leader within the global health care delivery system.

  3. Explain ways to promote safe, quality, evidence-based care to populations and communities in health care environments.
  4. Discuss the use of information management principles, techniques, and systems to manage knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision making.
  5. Communicate in a manner that is consistent with expectations of nursing professionals.

Chronic Care Management Sample Essay

Chronic Care Management Sample Essay

After an initial examination of the medication list, I try to envision Mrs. X based on the SPICES assessment and my own 30 years of geriatric experience.  This is an 80-year-old female who has lived her entire life eating rich foods high in cholesterol and fat.  She is probably short and plump.  She has not been sleeping and likely exhibits physical behaviors which have been labeled as “psychotic” in nature.  She hasn’t been eating well and has had a significant weight loss, despite her plump appearance.  She has tremors in her hands which make it hard to hold utensils and cups, but she has lost weight because she has had anorexia, not due to the tremors.  She is incontinent and has constipation.  She is confused, usually agitated, and she probably cries inappropriately.  She is ambulatory, but she is weak. She will have some bruises and skin tears on her arms and legs due to the falls, but she doesn’t have any pressure wounds, yet. Chronic Care Management Sample Essay.

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Although Mrs. X is very ill, there is no question that some of her current ailments are related to her polypharmacy.  There are 21 medications on Mrs. X’s medication list.  Unfortunately, the use of more than five medications daily (polypharmacy) is commonly seen in elderly patients (Masnoon, Shakib, Kalisch-Elliot, & Caughey, 2017).  At first glance, it is notable that many of the medications on Mrs. X’s list work in similar ways and place Mrs. X at higher risk for side effects or adverse reactions.  Also, some of these medications have the same ingredients as others, increasing the risk of overdose. Chronic Care Management Essay Some of the listed medications are even contraindicated for elderly patients (Maher, Hanton, & Hajjar, 2014).

A plan of care is needed that should include medication reconciliation, education regarding her medications, review by a pharmacy consultant, and initiation of gradual dose reductions.  Medication education should include a description of the each medication currently taken.  Altace is an ACE (angiotensin-converting-enzyme) inhibitor and is used to treat high blood pressure (Hypertension) and heart failure (Wolters, 2011).  Adalat is a calcium channel blocker and is used to treat high blood pressure (Wolters, 2011).  Cardizem LA is also a calcium channel blocker and is used to treat high blood pressure (Wolters, 2011). Chronic Care Management Essay Lasix is a diuretic used to treat fluid retention caused by heart failure (Wolters, 2011).  Hydrochlorothiazide is also a diuretic and is used to treat fluid retention and hypertension (Wolters, 2011).  Baby aspirin is a blood thinner, as well as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, and is used to reduce the risk of heart attack by thinning the blood (Wolters, 2011).  Lipitor is a statin drug and is used to treat high cholesterol and triglyceride levels (Wolters, 2011).  Synthroid is a hormone used to treat hypothyroidism (Wolters, 2011).  Tylenol is an analgesic used to treat minor aches and pains (Wolters, 2011).  Benadryl is an antihistamine with a sedating effect that is used to treat seasonal allergies (Wolters, 2011).  Aleve is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat arthritis pain (Wolters, 2011).  Amrix is a muscle relaxant used to treat pain and stiffness caused by muscle spasms (Wolters, 2011). Chronic Care Management Essay Glucosamine is an amino sugar and is used to treat arthritis pain.  Amitriptyline is an antidepressant and is used to treat sleeplessness associated with depression (Wolters, 2011).  Paxil is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and is used to treat depression (Wolters, 2011).  Oxazepam is a sedative and is used to treat insomnia associated with depression (Wolters, 2011).  Tylenol PM is a combination drug that contains both Benadryl and Tylenol.  Prilosec is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (Wolters, 2011).  Fiber laxative is a bulk-forming laxative used to treat constipation by increasing the bulk of the stool causing movement in the intestine.  It also increases the amount of water in the stool making the stool softer (Wolters, 2011).  Colace is a sulfonic acid which is also used to increase the amount of water in the stool making it softer and easier to pass (Wolters, 2011).  Multivitamins are prepared with multiple dietary minerals and nutritional elements and are used as dietary supplements and often stimulate the appetite. Chronic Care Management Sample Essay.

Independently medications such as Benadryl, Paxil, Tylenol PM, and others are contraindicated for use in the elderly because they have adverse side effects such as increased delirium, behavioral problems, and increased risk for stroke.  Medications such as Prilosec can cause bone loss, fractures and even bowel infections such as Clostridium Difficile.  Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications such as Aleve and baby aspirin could potentially promote fluid retention and exacerbate heart failure. Chronic Care Management Essay In addition to the side-effects/ adverse reactions that some medications can cause, there is also the potential for medications that work in a similar manner to increase other risks (Beers, 2015).  Antidepressant medications can lower blood pressure and if a patient also receives a fluid pill (diuretic), then this adds to the potential for extremely low blood pressure, which could cause falls or even be fatal.  Muscle relaxants and sedatives both cause increased sleepiness and are poorly tolerated by older adults.  Over-sedation and falls are a huge risk.  Even though CHF causes an excess of fluid, there is still a very real risk of dehydration (Haq, et.al., 2014).  Lasix, hydrochlorothiazide, bulk fiber laxative, and Colace all pull fluid out of the body for elimination either by urine or feces. A person can have edema when fluid is in all the wrong places, but still be dehydrated because the fluid is not in the right places (Haq, et.al., 2014).

It is important that medications are taken strictly as ordered and unnecessary medications should be discontinued (Masnoon, et.al., 2017).  Although there may be some adjustment with medication timing to meet a patient’s individual preferences, it is important that the medication regimen have a structured routine.  A pharmacist should be consulted to review medications monthly or as indicated to ensure that the lowest possible therapeutic dosages are given.  Laboratory monitoring will be critical in assessment of the status of medication levels and their effects on the body.  Other tests may also be needed such as an electrocardiogram, chest x-ray, or arterial doppler studies.  Physical, occupational, and speech therapies – as well as restorative nursing – will be needed to improve physical tolerance and endurance.  Nutrition will also be important.  Calorie intake, salt intake, and other vitamins and minerals will need to be monitored closely.  Daily weights and edema checks will be needed to monitor fluid gains and/ or losses (Haq, et.al., 2014).  Involvement in activities of daily living, social activities, and therapy activities, as well as a regular waking and sleeping routine, will be necessary to improve sleep patterns.  One of the more important interventions needed is the monitoring frequently for adverse reactions, side effects, and/or increased behaviors.  Regular assessments will be needed. Chronic Care Management Sample Essay.

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References

Masnoon, N., Shakib, S., Kalisch-Ellett, L., & Caughey, G.  (2017, October 10).  What is polypharmacy? A systematic review of definitions.  Biomed central geriatrics, 17, 230.  Retrieved from  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5635569/

Wolters K. (Firm).  (2011). Nursing 2011 drug handbook.  Philedephia – Baltimore – New York – London.  Chris Burghardt Chronic Care Management Essay

Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel.  (2015). American geriatrics society 2015 updated Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults.  Clinical Investigations.  Retrieved from  https://www.sigot.org/allegato_docs/1057_Beers-Criteria.pdf

Maher, Jr, R., Hanlon, J., Hajjar, E.  (2014). Clinical consequences of polypharmacy in elderly.  Expert opin drug saf.  Retrieved from  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3864987/

Haq, M., Wong, C., Mutha, V., Anavekar, N., Lim, K., Barlis, P., & Hare, D.  (2014). Therapeutic interventions for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction:  A summary of current evidence.  World journal of cardiology, 6(2), 67-76.  Doi:  10.4330/wjc.v6.i2.67 Chronic Care Management Sample Essay.

MN566 Unit 2 Sample Discussion Essay

MN566 Unit 2 Sample Discussion Essay

What does it means to document accurately and appropriately?

According to (Mathioudakis, Rousalova, Gagnat, Saad, & Hardavella, 2016), high quality clinical notes detail the medical history of the patient.  The quality of our record keeping is a reflection of the standard of care we give to our patients. Well documented, and precise patient records is the emblem of a caring and conscientious nurse, but below par documentation can lead to uncertainties about the nurse’s ability. The nursing documentation is where what nursing care the patient gets and the patient’s reaction, in addition to any further outcomes or issues that may influence the patient’s wellbeing.  Document the rationale for your diagnosis and treatment MN566 Unit 2 Sample Discussion Essay.

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What are the documenting guidelines? When is it appropriate to use abbreviations?

Using SOAP format.  Accurate records will contain observations of clinical outcomes.  Every single submission into the medical record should be signed, timed (24 h clock), dated and legible.  The Joint Commission offers direction to practitioners on safe medication practices through its “Do Not Use” list of abbreviations.  To avoid misinterpretations and possible danger to the patient’s wellbeing, MOI.4 calls for all hospitals to have in place a record for accepted as well as, do-not-use abbreviations and check for proper abbreviation use (JCI, 2018).

What is the difference between subjective and objective data?

(Lew & Ghassemzadeh, 2019) noted that subjective information is what the patient tells the provider such as the history, from chief complaint through the review of systems. Objective data all physical exam findings that the provider discovers through exam. Symptoms are the patient’s subjective depiction and ought to be documented under the subjective heading, while a sign is an objective finding related to the related symptom stated by the patient. MN566 Unit 2 Discussion Essay.

What does it mean to demonstrate clinical reasoning skills?

Clinical reasoning skills will help the provider make a pertinent and proper conclusion intended at prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of a patient’s problem. Clinical reasoning involves the ability to critically think.  Clinical reasoning, also known as clinical judgment, is the process by which clinicians collect signs, process information, understand the patient’s medical situation or problem, plan and implement appropriate medical interventions, evaluate outcomes, and learn from this entire process (Benner, Hughes, & Sutphen, 2008).

How can you use clinical reasoning to plan the organization of a comprehensive exam?

Intuition, cognitive Skills and Critical Thinking Skills.  Being able to think critically and using the clinical reasoning processes that uses hypothesizing, hypothesis testing, re-analysis and differential diagnosis. Collaboration with the patient a significant part of the clinical reasoning practice in producing positive outcomes (Atkinson & Nixon-Cave, 2011). MN566 Unit 2 Discussion Essay

How will you document variations of normal and abnormal assessment findings?

You will document both normal and abnormal values as well as if the abnormal value has been chronic.  Develop action plan/management plan once the problem has been identified for the abnormal values. Document referrals whenever appropriate and necessary.  Responsiveness to decision making and follow through is also imperative (Dunphy, Windland-Brown, Porter, & Thomas, 2015) MN566 Unit 2 Sample Discussion Essay.

What factors influence appropriate tools and tests necessary for a comprehensive assessment?

Diagnostic hypothesis can use screening methods such as diagnostic test to confirm or rule out a condition (Dunphy, Windland-Brown, Porter, & Thomas, 2015).  A comprehensive health assessment contains an examination of social and behavioral influences, epidemiology, health risks and data from the patients and/or families/caregivers. I will look closely at relating data such as age, gender, and health insurance, and examine the problem list, the medication list, and facts such as the records of allergies. The chart frequently offers important information about past diagnoses and treatments. MN566 Unit 2 Discussion Essay.

Reflect on personal strengths, limitations, beliefs, prejudices, and values.

My growth in the profession of nursing has been a process that has been enriched through the experience, education and my training that I have had. Knowledge gained from advanced practice courses will also help me to possess a grounded understanding of normal physiologic and pathologic mechanisms of disease that serve as one primary component of the foundation for clinical assessment, decision making and management and will provide me with a deeper understanding of fundamental theories and concepts in pharmacology that are directly applicable to advanced practice nursing.

How will these impact your ability to collect a comprehensive health history?

Courses in clinical practice will provide me as an advanced practice nurse with the tools to perform a comprehensive health assessment on clients across the lifespan.   I will build my knowledge of anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology and health assessment skills previously attained in my undergraduate nurse education and recent graduate courses. These diagnostic reasoning skills are needed for clinical reasoning in the advanced practice role as I will be able to identify effective and ethical interviewing techniques, document the findings of a comprehensive health assessment and physical examination of my client and integrate those assessment findings into recommendations for health improvement.

How can you develop strong communication skills?

Active listening skills are important but sometimes overlooked, as they can become less sharp over time. I fosters a work environment that consists of open communication, trust, leadership, professional development, and excellence in customer service, shared decision-making, whenever possible, and role clarification. As a leader I must also support the processes that facilitate effective collaboration.

What interviewing techniques will you use to interview the patient to elicit subjective health information about their health history?

Before I begin talking with the patient, I will clarify goals for the interview.   I will balance provider-centered goals with patient-centered goals. MN566 Unit 2 Discussion Essay. I will use sound critical thinking and clinical decision making to develop a comprehensive data base, including complete functional assessment, health history, physical examination, and appropriate diagnostic testing that will allow me to develop an effective and appropriate plan of care for the client which takes into consideration life circumstance and cultural, ethnic, and developmental variations.

What relevant follow-up questions will you use to evaluate patient condition?

According to (Dunphy, Windland-Brown, Porter, & Thomas, 2015), AHRQ inititaves promote effective guidelines to investigate outcomes and evaluating response to care.  The follow-up evaluation is a crucial step in the care process. The follow-up evaluation reinforces your commitment to your patient, supports the therapeutic relationship, and validates your willingness to work with your patient to attain the preferred objectives of treatment.

How will you demonstrate empathy for patient perspectives, feelings, and sociocultural background?

I know that by just listening I can help the person identify and express their feelings and cope with the situation. I learned that motivational interviewing is a powerful strategy to apply in my practice.  To help cultivate empathy, begin with self-examination. Self-awareness includes knowing one’s personal biases, values, desires and concerns which may affect our interactions with others. As a nurse I must be sincere and really care about what happens to others. This is the root of my role as patient advocate. Also cultural competency and safety is an area that must be focused on to help build and establish the patient relationship (Hamric, Hanson, Tracy, & O’Grady, 2014). My personal belief system has always been to be compassionate and caring. In the nursing profession you need to have a vast amount of compassion and caring for your patients and their families. You are not only caring for the patient’s physical health, but also their emotional needs.  I believe a collaborative partnerships allows the provider to distinguish what is truly important to the patient’s health.  As an Advanced Practice Nurse I must understand the patients’ and families’ fears and their coping skills, I need to understand their intention and respond to challenging situations without losing my connection with them.

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What opportunities will you take to educate the patient?

Any and every opportunity available about health promotion, new medication, new or current disease processes, disease management MN566 Unit 2 Sample Discussion Essay.

References:

Atkinson, H. L., & Nixon-Cave, K. (2011). A Tool for Clinical Reasoning and Reflection Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Framework and Patient Management Model. Physical Therapy, 416–430.

Benner, P., Hughes, R. G., & Sutphen, M. (2008). Chapter 6 Clinical Reasoning, Decisionmaking, and Action: Thinking Critically and Clinically. In P. Benner, R. G. Hughes, & M. Sutphen, Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses (p. Chapter 6). Rockville: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

Dunphy, L., Windland-Brown, J., Porter, B., & Thomas, D. (2015). Primary Care: The Art and Science of Advanced Practice Nursing (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Company.

Hamric, A., Hanson, C., Tracy, M. F., & O’Grady, E. (2014). Advanced practice nursing. An integrative approach (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO.: Elsevier Saunders. MN566 Unit 2 Discussion Essay.

JCI. (2018, March 30). Use of Codes, Symbols, and Abbreviations. Retrieved from Joint Commission Internation: https://www.jointcommissioninternational.org/use-of-codes-symbols-and-abbreviations/

Lew, V., & Ghassemzadeh, S. (2019). SOAP Notes. StatPearls, 13-15.

Mathioudakis, A., Rousalova, I., Gagnat, A. A., Saad, N., & Hardavella, G. (2016). How to keep good clinical records. Breathe, 369–373. MN566 Unit 2 Discussion Essay.

Patricia, done

In healthcare, it is important to adopt and initiate new practice, ideas, and research into our daily process.  APRN’s exert considerable time and energy on a daily basis disbursing interventions to improve well-being and in the long run, the patient’s experience. Management of any medical problem is a multifaceted process, which is greatly aided with a healthcare partnership. Preventative care is significant to all health care (Merzel & D’Afflitti, 2003). The Nurse Practice Act (NPC) holds each individual nurse accountable for the quality of nursing care provided and sets forth minimum standards of practice to which nurses are expected to apply and include into their daily practice (National Council of State Boards of Nursing, 2018). MN566 Unit 2 Discussion Essay.

References:

Merzel, C., & D’Afflitti, J. (2003). Reconsidering Community-Based Health Promotion: Promise, Performance, and Potential. American Journal of Public Health, 93(4): 557–574.

National Council of State Boards of Nursing. (2018, April 12). Nurse Practice Act, Rules & Regulations. Retrieved from National Council of State Boards of Nursing: https://www.ncsbn.org/nurse-practice-act.htm

 

Annette, Done

I enjoyed reading your post! Nilsen, (2015) stated that strong, open communication across teams strengthens the chance of firmly embedding change by supporting the development of therapeutic relationships and removing barriers. Good communication is a prominent piece of every phase of the change development and almost all researchers cite it as fundamental to effective implementation. MN566 Unit 2 Discussion Essay Clinicians dedicate a great deal of time to determining diagnoses for illness or abnormalities that their patients are suffering from.

References:

Nilsen, P. (2015). Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks. Implementation Science Journal, 53-57.

 

The nurse practice act is a guideline that governs nurses through their scope of practice, education standards, licensure requirements, and varies from state to state (Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice / Edition 2, 2010).  Discovering methods to handle ethical conflicts is perilous not only to the distraught clinicians but also to organizations struggling to progress outcomes, as moral distress can poorly affect patient care.   Support the nursing code of ethics.  Westrick (2013) stated the ANA Code of Ethics gives the framework for practice MN566 Unit 2 Discussion Essay.

References:

Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice / Edition 2. (2010). Nursesbooks.org.

Westrick, S. J. (2013 ). Essentials Of Nursing Law And Ethics. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett MN566 Unit 2 Sample Discussion Essay.

Translating Evidence into Clinical Practice – MN 566 Sample Essay

Translating Evidence into Clinical Practice – MN 566 Sample Essay

Infection Control Evidence-Based Practice

Medicine demands the highest standards of care and safest practice. It deals with human life and guarding it is the pillar of the entirety of its practice. EBP is defines as the approach and the blueprint of the research practice that is used to transition data from results of a research or investigation into safe practice and application of care protocols. DiCenso et al ., (2017) explains that EBP is the a mirror of the safe and high standards performance of patient care derived from research that is used to meet patient’s needs. There are several EBP methods used widely in nowadays medicine practice such as infection control, use of O2 in COPD patients, weight management in CHF patients…etc. For the purpose of this paper the subjectivity of it will be toward infection control and importance of EBP in raising it in such standards and why it should be used in or practice. Translating Evidence into Clinical Practice – MN 566 Sample Essay.

Leads to highest quality care and patient outcomes

Infection prevention in any healthcare facility is a safety process that is never overlooked by the organization itself. Not only does an infection acquired in hospital cost the institution enormous amount in healthcare, but it places the lives of the patient at risk. When considering providing care to patients and no exposure or contraction of infection was carried on during the service, the outcome should look into safe practice and proper utilization of the standards that assure prevention of infection and controlling it. Translating Evidence into Clinical Practice – MN 566 Essay Loveday et al., (2014) explains that use of PPE, hand washing hygiene and use of proper barrier precautions represent high quality of care and positive outcomes for patients that are fragile and in a weak status at the time of the care provided. There are two components of quality of care: accessibility and efficiency of it. If the care accessed was not efficient in getting patient better and instead added another infection to their condition, it failed to provide quality care. (Donabedian,1988). Preventing transmission of infection to patient does exactly that, maintains the standards of care and assures quality in delivering it. So another way of thinking of the infection control EBP is that is used as measuring tool as well, of how the institution provides and guarantees safe and effective care. Translating Evidence into Clinical Practice – MN 566 Sample Essay.

                                       Reduces health care costs

Trybou et al ,. (2016) states that: “Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) are considered to be one of the most serious patient safety issues in healthcare today. It has been shown that HAIs contribute significantly not only to morbidity and mortality, but also to excessive costs for the health care system and for hospitalized patients. Since possibilities of prevention and control exist, hospital quality can be improved while simultaneously the cost of care is reduced”. HAIs are used as a tool to measure the quality of health services an institution provides and the Center for Medicare Services (CMS) tracks and registers these. Based on their record the CMS determines their compensation or penalization of the place. Schmier (2016) Explains that: “HAI avoidance through use of health care antiseptics has a demonstrable and substantial impact on health care expenditures; the costs here are exclusive of administrative penalties or long-term outcomes for patients and caregivers such as lost productivity or indirect costs.”. If the spread of infection is controlled, the cost for its recovery is less and the sources of healthcare payment are not used up for it. This leads to reduces cost of care overall.

Reduces geographic variations in the delivery of care

Being used as a state-wide international standard, infection prevention is seeing as a practice of safe healthcare anywhere in the world. If all the places adopt efficient and qualitative EBP that aim to prevent infection spread, the geographic diversity of care provided will be eliminated and the delivery of care will be unanimous and safe anywhere. In a study conducted in Scutari, turkey, a decrease from 43% to 2% was noticed in a hospital where safe infection prevention practices were utilized. (Loveday, 2014) Translating Evidence into Clinical Practice – MN 566 Sample Essay.

Increases healthcare provider empowerment and role satisfaction

Other benefit of the infection prevention as part of the EBP strategy and practice is that it allows for an increased empowerment and satisfaction for the healthcare providers. With providers being the front line of delivery of care, being able to prevent the infection means that their year of hard work, expertise and extensive knowledge are functioning the expected way and quality care is being offered due to their performance, dedication and safe practice. This way the professionals take responsibility and charge in leading the projects that pioneer infection prevention, which then leads to quality care, customer satisfaction and reduced healthcare cost as well. Translating Evidence into Clinical Practice – MN 566 Essay.

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Reduces healthcare provider turnover rate

When infections are prevented and the tam of the providers is the one directing the safety practice, the workload for the staff is reduced as well. Loveday et al., (2014) explained that when the workload is decreased the staff, nurses and other providers have better outcomes in their performance due their balanced work-life schedule. Translating Evidence into Clinical Practice – MN 566 Essay. They don’t have to work extra due to complications from the infections, therefore, prevention is the best strategy in assuring low staff turnover and pleasant work environment with assured longevity in the positions occupied.

Increases reimbursement from 3rd party payers

CMS has enabled the requirements that any infection acquired while in the hospital, will not be covered by Medicare. The hospital will have to pay for the infection treatment itself. There has been a reported increase of hospital bills from 28 billion to 45 billion that is accrued due to hospital acquired infections. (Loveday & colleges,2014). Like Medicare, the majority of other private insurances, follow the same principles when it comes to compensating for HAIs. So controlled HAI rates, lead to an increase of reimbursement from the third-party payors compare to the decreased amount of payment they provide for the hospital when a HAI is contracted. Translating Evidence into Clinical Practice – MN 566 Sample Essay.

Reduces complications and payment denials

The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, specified, that not only will Medicare not pay for any infection acquired while inpatient, but there cannot be even a billing send to the with claims of compensation for the treatment of the patient that encountered a HAI.(Melnyk, Gallagher-Ford, Long, & Fineout-Overholt,2014).The reasoning behind that is that I the patient did not present with these symptoms initially, he/she got the infection while there and the hospital failed to provide safe and quality care by preventing infection and not doing what they are supposed to do Translating Evidence into Clinical Practice – MN 566 Essay.

Meets the expectation of an informed public

Lastly, infection prevention based on EBP is a routine that can set an example for the public as to how to adopt safe and quality healthcare and prevent the spread of infection sin the community. EBP that streamlines all the quality measures, including infection prevention, can be found in abundance in media. That helps the community to be informed, compare data among institutions or providers, spread the knowledge and sensitize each other about precautionary steps.

References

DiCenso, A., Guyatt, G., & Ciliska, D. (2014). Evidence-Based Nursing-E-Book: A Guide to Clinical Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Donabedian, A. (1988). The quality of care: how can it be assessed?. Jama, 260(12), 1743-1748.

Last Name, F. M. (Year). Article Title. Journal Title, Pages From – To. Translating Evidence into Clinical Practice – MN 566 Essay.

Last Name, F. M. (Year). Book Title. City Name: Publisher Name.

Loveday, H. P., Wilson, J., Pratt, R. J., Golsorkhi, M., Tingle, A., Bak, A., … & Wilcox, M. (2014). epic3: national evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections in NHS hospitals in England. The Journal of Hospital Infection86, S1-S70. doi: 10.1016/S0195-6701(13)60012-2.

Melnyk, B. M., Gallagher‐Ford, L., Long, L. E., & Fineout‐Overholt, E. (2014). The establishment of evidence‐based practice competencies for practicing registered nurses and advanced practice nurses in real‐world clinical settings: Proficiencies to improve healthcare quality, reliability, patient outcomes, and costs. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing11(1), 5-15.

Schmier, J. K., Hulme-Lowe, C. K., Semenova, S., Klenk, J. A., DeLeo, P. C., Sedlak, R., & Carlson, P. A. (2016). Estimated hospital costs associated with preventable health care-associated infections if health care antiseptic products were unavailable. ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR, 8, 197-205. doi:10.2147/CEOR.S102505 Translating Evidence into Clinical Practice – MN 566 Essay

Trybou, J., Spaepen, E., Vermeulen, B., Porrez, L., & Annemans, L. (2013). Hospital-acquired infections in Belgian acute-care hospitals: financial burden of disease and potential cost savings. Acta Clinica Belgica, 68(3), 199-205 Translating Evidence into Clinical Practice – MN 566 Sample Essay.