Free Nursing Theory Analysis Essay Paper Example

Theory/Author Name and Background

Peplau’s Theory is a nursing theory famously known for agitating for human relationship aspect to be incorporated in any nursing undertakings. It is classified as a mid-range theory that brings forth answers to the specific phenomenon in nursing one being the need for self-awareness in nursing (Smith & Liehr, 2014). The author of the theory is Hildegard Elizabeth Peplau, who served as a nurse in the Army in the World War II. At the epicenter of the theory is the need to ensure that the relationship between a nurse and patient is a give and take one. Her argument was that in there is the need to ensure that the relationship is an interactional one. This is because according to the theory, both the nurse and the patient bring forth vital information that is helpful in the attainment of the common goal, that of helping the patient to recover.

According to the theory, the work of the nurse is to help people realize their problem a phenomenon that can only be met if there is a healthy human relation and interaction between the patient and the nurse (McKenna, Pankhihar & Murphy, 2014). She also felt that nurses ought to get educated to serve better the patients, and the aim of the theory was to help the nurses serve better. Her career as a nurse in the Army in the World War II presented a motivation for her towards the formulation of the theory where the patient-nurse relationship was vital in therapeutic nursing undertakings. Free Nursing Theory Analysis Essay Paper Example.

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Peplau’s theory was heavily influenced by ‘Harry Stack Sullivan’s theory of interpersonal relations’ (Parker & Smith, 2010).  The theory argued that people were well understood from networks of relationship in which they were involved. The call was for doctors to concentrate on the interaction aspect of the mental illness patients and not the “intrapsychic” aspect. In the same spirit, Peplau agitated for nurses to enhance their relationship with their patients. According to the theory, it is through the close nurse-patient ties created that nurses get vital information that enables them to take better care of their patients (Parker & Smith, 2010). It through the healthy inter-personal relation between a nurse and the patient that helps the nurse create a therapeutic environment vital in patients’ recovery.

The theory was aimed at sensitizing the nurses on the importance of applying human relation while dealing with different cases in their line of duty. It was also keen of insisting on the importance of having a healthy interaction between a patient and a nurse. The theory was also keen on improving the ‘environment’ metaparadigm of nursing (Smith & Liehr, 2014). The call was for the nurses to ensure that they provide ‘therapeutic’ environment that aid them to better help their client find their problem. This was a vital aspect of the Peplau’s theory because according to the theory, the work of a nurse was to help their patients find their problem, particularly in the mental illness docket.

Theory Description

The theory utilizes inductive reasoning, and this can is heavily evident in terms of the human relation aspect between the nurse and the patient. The theory has stipulated on the importance of the human relationship in nursing engagement; it gives an inductive manner through which the relationship is started and ended.  The inductive aspect of reasoning is seen with the theory argument the interpersonal relationship starts with orientation. Here the intention is to define the problem at hand (specific observation). This help in defining the relevant course of action needed to help the patient. Identification is the next step where the intention at hand is identifying the best professional help applicable to the case. The next step is the Exploitation phase, where the nurse utilizes professional skills (looking for accumulated evidence) to come up with the optimal approach to handling the case at hand. The last phase is the Resolution phase where the goal has been met, and now the relationship has to end. This state is very similar to the phase where the theory is formulated bringing to the end the undertakings. The phases of the interpersonal relationship clearly classify the theory as an inductive theory. Free Nursing Theory Analysis Essay Paper Example.

Concepts Of The Theory   

The primary concept of the theory is the fact that nursing entails helping other people clearly define their problems. Besides, the theory calls for reconciliation of ‘self’ to better serve the others (Taylor & Renpenning, 2011). Another concept is that nurses should incorporate the human relation aspect in all cases. It is also the take of the theory that nursing should be therapeutic and should be of help to those that come seeking. Another concept is that nursing is an interpersonal undertaking since it is based on the exchanged between different parties seeking a common goal. Moreover, the theory argues that realization of nursing goals is a consequence of sequenced steps. Finally the theory argues that with both the nurse and the patient working together, they both acquire knowledge increasingly with time.

The concepts are defined operationally since they are all action-based at the different level of engagement by a nurse. For example, the call for upholding the human relation while handling different cases while practicing nursing. In the same spirit, the concept of nursing being therapeutic demands that nurses should provide the recovery upholding environment for patients at all the time (Taylor & Renpenning, 2011). The author is very consistent in the application of the concept since all the concepts demonstrate well-calculated steps of making nursing an interactional engagement. For example, there is the call to maintain human relation and to make a nursing an interpersonal process where the nurse and the patients constantly engage for a common goal. The concepts are explicit since the concepts express directly what nursing should be and what it should be centered on. The theory points out that nursing should be an interaction-based undertaking. This is a direct demand of what nursing ought to be based on or should meet.

Concept Relationship 

The concepts are heavily intertwined with the common codes of interaction and human relation (Smith & Liehr, 2014). The concept of helping others define their problem is closely related to that one of ensuring continued interpersonal relation. It is only through a strong relationship that a person can confine to another the problem he or she is facing. On the other hand, provision of the therapeutic environment comes about through understanding what forms the ‘therapeutic’ environment. This can be well understood by utilizing human relation and interpersonal interaction. The above illustrations clearly demonstrate a coherent relationship among the concepts of the Peplau’s theory.

Evaluation

Assumptions

The theory has two major assumptions. The first assumption is that the kind of a nurse one becomes plays a significant role in influencing what the patient will learn throughout the illness. The other assumption is the fact that nursing entails developing a personality that can handle day to day interpersonal challenges, in other words, ensuring a stable ‘self’ to serve others better (McKenna, Pankhihar & Murphy, 2014). Peplau later added an assumption that some illness provides platforms for learning and development. Free Nursing Theory Analysis Essay Paper Example.

Theory’s Four Concepts Of The Nursing Metaparadigm

The theory has its description of the four nursing metaparadigm namely; person, the environment, nursing, and health. Peplau’s theory describes the person as an organism that engages in actions geared towards reducing tension caused by needs (Smith & Liehr, 2014). The environment is presented as all forces action on a person from outside and mostly in the form of culture. Health is viewed as a fast forward movement in terms of personality and human processes. The movement is in terms of creativity, community living, constructiveness, productiveness and personal (Smith & Liehr, 2014). The theory perception on nursing is that it is a process that is of therapeutic and interpersonal nature.

Clarity Of The Theory

The theory message is clear and explicit with the primary demand being an upholding of human relation in nursing. It is also easily understood due to an in-depth insight availed on how interpersonal relationship is forged and terminated in the nursing undertaking. The theories concepts are also coherent, and this makes it possible to identify easily the common goal and objective of the theory. The theory is clearly understood because it has a singular demand for nursing; it demands the need to make nursing a more engaging discipline where the patient and the nurse fully engage in line of realizing the common goal (Smith & Liehr, 2014). It is also clearly illustrated that even though, there is the need to create a strong bond with the patients; there comes a time when this relation has to come to an end. The rationale for the theory’s call for human relation between the two parties in nursing is the fact that through the interaction, helpful information is availed that heavily help in identifying the problem and formulation of the relevant measures. Over and above, the theory makes an intentional action of demonstrating the relevance of every one of its demands in addition to showing the applicability in nursing practice. This is clearly demonstrated in terms of the steps involved in interpersonal relationship vital in nursing where the theory gives a full detailed analysis of the steps and the expected goals for each step.

Application

General Application 

The theory provides a sound and diligent platform where all the nursing actions can be guided.  The theory calls for human relation while handling the different cases in the practice. This is very viable because, for a proper diagnosis, patient’s input in terms of information is very important (Taylor & Renpenning, 2011). It is through the information availed by the patient that nurses are able to make the relevant decision in terms of the most relevant professional help. In case of an emergency, the patient’s information is very important because it help the nurses in the ER to do the right checkups promptly. Through the timeless, it is possible to handle deadly cases earlier enough thereby increasing the chances of patient’s survival. Besides, it is through the ties created between the patient and the nurse that makes the patient feel more comfortable into opening up their problem to the nurse at hand. Trust is very important since it enables the patient to convey very personal information to the nurses some of which forms the backbone of the prevailing problem facing the patient. Free Nursing Theory Analysis Essay Paper Example.

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            Another component of the theory is the call for nursing to provide a therapeutic environment to the patient. This is also a very relevant call in nursing since the environment in which the patients find themselves in heavily determining the degree of recovery. Conducive environment for the patient helps in the creation of hope a phenomenon vital to any patient’s recovery (Taylor & Renpenning, 2011). A nurse should be a tool of hope and should instill hope in patients thereby motivating them more into making the needed mental and physical change that is important in helping them make a quick recovery. The exchange between a nurse and the patient and the importance of the conducive environment to the patients are two aspects very common in healthcare facilities.  This clearly demonstrates that the Peplau’s theory was and continues to be applicable in many nursing situations. It is, therefore, correct to conclude that the theory do provide helpful insights where nurses can consult in the mile of ensuring that they continue helping the patients in the best way possible.

Application In Specific Nursing Area

As a Family Nurse Practitioner, the goal is to provide health care services to family members throughout their lifetime. This is a very challenging task because to ensure the perpetuity of the services, the relationship has to be based on a high level of trust. Peplau’s theory calls for human relation in nursing undertakings. As FNP, there is a high level of human interaction due to the continued interaction with the family members. It is important to ensure that the relationship created is strong enough to help both parties exchange all the relevant information that help in making the right action at the right time. The FNP is also expected to provide a conducive environment where all the family members feel free to consult the nurse and in addition avail all the relevant information.

Peplau’s theory demonstrates the importance of enabling a good environment to both recovery and availing of the information (Taylor & Renpenning, 2011). In the same spirit, FNP is supposed to create an enabling environment whereby the family members feel free to avail all relevant information in the best way possible. This helps the nurse to make the relevant actions that help in upholding the family member health. The theory also argues that nursing entails helping people find their underlying problems (Taylor & Renpenning, 2011). In most case, FNP role is to help the family members understand better different aspects that might be affecting their health status. They may range from lifestyle to diet, and the FNP has to explain to family members the possible reasons behind their prevailing health status and the best way out. Finally, the theory argues that some medical issues present learning platforms. This is very evident for FNP in the case where the case at hand is unique to the family at hand.  When dealing with these cases, the FNP is able to get new insights thereby becoming more informed and thereby helping the family concerned understand the problem better. In turn, they are able to handle the disease better either in term of treatment or management. However, both the family concerned and their nurse become more familiar with the unique case.

The above illustrations show helpful insights that can be drawn from Peplau’s theory in Family Nurse Practitioner perspective. The human relation and environment aspect of nursing which are agitated for in the theory are also occurrences heavily evident in the FNP’s role of serving the various families. It is through the relation created that enable a healthy degree of trust that guarantees the perpetuity of the relationship.

Conclusion

Peplau’s theory is a comprehensive mid-range theory that avails good and detailed aspect that need to be held in nursing to make it serve the patients better. Its applicability cut across all the specialty of nursing and this is a clear demonstration that indeed the theory is not only helpful in nursing but also ‘a must apply’ if the nursing undertakings are to be centered on improved health delivery. There if therefore the need to pay respect to the theories demands in any nursing undertakings and in doing that ensuring that quality services are the norm in health care facilities.

Free Nursing Theory Analysis Essay Paper Example

Reference

McKenna, H. P., Pankhihar, M., & Murphy, F. (2014). Fundamentals of nursing models, theories

and practice. Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley Blackwell

Parker, M. E., & Smith, M. C. (2010). Nursing theories and nursing practice. Philadelphia: F.A.

Davis Co.

Smith, M. J., & Liehr, P. R. (2014). Middle range theory for nursing. New York: Springer

Taylor, S. G., & Renpenning, K. M. L. (2011). Self-care science, nursing theory, and evidence-

based practice. New York: Springer Pub.

Free Nursing Theory Analysis Essay Paper Example

Sample Evidence-Based Nursing and Research in Global Health Care Essay Paper

Evidence Based Practice in Nursing

Abstract

This is a research paper that seeks to discuss the aspects of the importance and significance of both the research and the evidence based practice within the nursing profession and tries to give the similarities and the differences between the two important aspects in the hospital setting. The aspect of evidence based practice in the nursing field traces it roots to the Magnet recognition Program (MRP) by the ANCC. This program requires the hospitals to ensure that they have the evidence based practice that is strongly embedded in the main culture and practices in the organization. Evidence based practice is significant in that it gives the nurses the opportunity to understand that the evidence based practice mainly deals with the in depth analysis of the research findings with an aim of improving the quality of the previous researches in a bid to try and attain the best practices in the entire program.

Introduction

This paper seeks to discuss the issues that are linked to the evidence based practice in the nursing profession. It will try to give the differences and similarities between the evidence based practice and the actual research in the nursing profession. The aspect of evidence based practice in the nursing field traces its roots in the Magnet recognition Program (MRP) by the ANCC (Melnyk, Gallagher‐Ford, Long & Fineout‐Overholt, 2014). This program requires the hospitals to ensure that they have the evidence based practice that is strongly embedded in the main culture and practices in the organization.

Part A: Significance of Evidence Based Practice in the Nursing Profession

The development on the evidence based practice within the nursing profession would be very significant to the development of the major skills that are required by the nurses as a way of helping to attain the best service delivery to the patients in the health care facility therein. This practice will be important in helping the nurses to deliberate and fully understand the differences between the evidence based practice and the aspects of research in the field of nursing (Chan, 2014). It thus, gives the nurses the opportunity to understand that the evidence based practice mainly deals with the in depth analysis of the research findings with an aim of improving the quality of the previous researches in a bid to try and attain the best practices in the entire program. Sample Evidence-Based Nursing and Research in Global Health Care Essay Paper. Sample Evidence-Based Nursing and Research in Global Health Care Essay Paper.

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Part B: Importance of Research Methods to the Nurses in the Implementation of the Evidence Based Practice

The research methods in the actual research project are considered to be a fundamental requirement in the development and culturing the spirit of evidence based practice in the nursing practice. This is because the two go hand in hand as a way of achieving the best practices in the field of nursing (Sarah, 2013). Research methods will equip the nurses with the opportunity to achieve the best expert opinions in the channels of improving the entire program in one way or the other. The identification of this difference may be a daunting task to the staff in the nursing department and this may lead to confusion when delivering the quality services to the patients. It is important to understand that the evidence based practice would be important in the bridging the gap between the research that has been conducted and the actual practice in the same field (Sarah, 2013). It will be important in challenging the nurses in order to look deeper into the reasons behind the methodology employed in most diagnostic and treatments remedies in the hospital setting.

With the research methodologies, the health institutions clearly demonstrates that the nurses within their premises make good use and evaluate the published research in all the aspects that are needed for the operational and clinical approach in a much wider perspective. This program expects the nurses to conduct projects on research and use the knowledge obtained from these avenues in trying to sensitize others within and without the health institution (Sarah, 2013). In order for the hospitals to make good use of the document, it is important for the stakeholders and the policy implementing officers to put into consideration the differences that exist between the evidence based practice and the actual research process. This would be significant in the understanding of the requirements of both cases in the health care setting.

Part C: How Nurses Utilize Evidence-Based Practice Around the World

Evidence-based practice has become a very common practice in the field of nursing. In addition, it has been observed as a prominent issue of concern in global health. It also considers the need for quality improvement in order to create an environment for the evolution of evidence-based health care (Brown, 2014). The advantages of evidence based practice is that the healthcare end results are primarily the policy imperatives surrounding the nursing or clinical guideline development (Barker, 2014). It also entails research agendas that emphasize on intervention, as well as, problem solving curricula. Consequently, the recommendation that the nursing fraternity lead an inter-professional team in improving service delivery system in the global health care provision creates attention of the need for urgent and newer competencies past this evidence-based practice, which is regarded as a necessity for the nurses to make efforts to change global health care (Gerrish & Clayton, 2004). Furthermore, such competencies emphasize on knowledge utilization in clinical decision making, as well as, producing proofs on various interventions promote the uptake and use nurses. Sample Evidence-Based Nursing and Research in Global Health Care Essay Paper.

Evidence-based practice focuses on channeling the current knowledge into the common healthcare provision decisions, which may improve healthcare processes, as well as, patient outcomes. As a result, evidence-based practice is considered to hold a major promise for directing global health care delivery to higher levels of likelihood, which are intended to produce the anticipated healthcare outcome. Thus, the definition of quality care provision is the guiding principle of evidence-based practice in global health. For evidence-based practice to be successfully adopted and implements, nurses as well as, other health care practitioners should recognize and understand that it must be deployed by each caregiver or health practitioners, as well as, policy makers (Brown, 2014). However, there are still fundamental advances that requires to do much in order to achieve the benefits of evidence-based practice. However, a recent survey of caregivers demonstrates that, while most of the health practitioners had positive attitudes towards evidence-based practice and seek to acquire more skills and knowledge, there are certain drawbacks, such as employing it in their daily obligations of care giving (Boswell & Cannon, 2014).  Consequently, due to the transform required to fully sustain and implement evidence-based practice on a global scale, and given much support by the culture in the organization, there is an urgent need to have an implementation plan that is very detailed prior to the adoption or implementation of the program in  the institution. In addition, a policy for an agency may be created, the main challenge is the implementation and sustainability of the program. According to Gerrish and Clayton (2004) in countries, such as, Sweden, the rapid rise and prevalence of diabetes cases has resulted to an urgent need of accurate diagnosis, as well as, examination of the patients, as well as, affected family members or persons with a care that is in tandem on the evidence-based recommendations, that are outlined in adopted guidelines that require clinicians to offer patients evidence based recommendation, which relate to the current evidence.

Part D: Conclusion

Educating health care givers is considered as a major necessity for all healthcare practitioners, in academic and professional settings. In Addition, there is an urgent need of an overhaul, in order to make prepare the care givers and equip them with new skills, to enable them to assume their responsibilities. In addition, the overhaul would require changes in the processes of training health practitioners in professional, as well as, academic setting. It is also vital to ensure that the various programs that are meant for the basic preparation and training of the health practitioners undergo certification and reforms in the curriculum, basically to focus evidence-based improvement of quality in the global health care. Moreover, it is vital to ensure that professional development activities need to become accessible and widely available to the health care practitioners or nurses to assist them to update their skills of the professionals who are already practicing. On the other hand, the leaders in healthcare settings should be encouraged to join hands in an effort to create clinical awareness and training, as well as, initiate education changes, which should be aimed at addressing core competencies that are fundamental in harnessing quality in health care provision. All in all, healthcare professional should be trained to be in a position of delivering patient-centered care facilities representing parties to the interdisciplinary group that focuses on evidence-based practice, as well as, enhancing quality improvement approaches in health care delivery. Sample Evidence-Based Nursing and Research in Global Health Care Essay Paper.

Sample Evidence-Based Nursing and Research in Global Health Care Essay Paper

References

Barker, E. R. (2014). Triplet Partnering: A Novel Approach to Introducing Evidence-Based Nursing Practice in China. In Sigma Theta Tau International’s 25th International Nursing Research Congress. STTI.

Boswell, C., & Cannon, S. (Eds.). (2014). Introduction to nursing research: Incorporating evidence-based practice. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. Sample Evidence-Based Nursing and Research in Global Health Care Essay Paper.

Brown, C. G. (2014). The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality Care: An Illustrated Example in Oncology Nursing. Clinical journal of oncology nursing, 18(2), 157-159.

Gerrish, K., Clayton J. (2004). Promoting evidence-based practice: An organizational approach. J Nurs Manag. PubMed.

Chan, H. Y. (2014). The Nether sole Nursing Practice Research Unit: Reflecting on its Successes and Challenges in Promoting Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing in Hong Kong. In Sigma Theta Tau International’s 25th International Nursing Research Congress. STTI. Sample Evidence-Based Nursing and Research in Global Health Care Essay Paper.

Melnyk, B. M., Gallagher‐Ford, L., Long, L. E., & Fineout‐Overholt, E. (2014). The Establishment of Evidence‐Based Practice Competencies for Practicing Registered Nurses and Advanced Practice Nurses in Real‐World Clinical Settings: Proficiencies to Improve Healthcare Quality, Reliability, Patient Outcomes, and Costs. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing, 11(1), 5-15.

Sarah, J. B. (2013). Evidence-Based Nursing The Research-Practice Connection (3rd Edition). London, Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Sample Evidence-Based Nursing and Research in Global Health Care Essay Paper

Education & Empathy: 10 of 11 (90.9%)

1 Expression of pain

Followed Up

	Description: Tina expresses frustration about her level of pain.
	Why are you here today?	Question 12:13 PM EDT
	I got this scrape on my foot a while ago, and I thought it would heal up on its own, but now it’s looking pretty nasty. And the pain is killing me!
	Am sorry to hear that?	Empathize 12:13 PM EDT
	I appreciate you saying that.
	Do you have problems moving around after the accident? (Clarified to: Are you having trouble getting around?)	Question 12:36 PM EDT
	Yes! I mean, I literally can’t put weight on my foot, the pain is so sharp. (Clarified to: if I have mobility problems)
	Am sorry to hear that	Empathize 12:37 PM EDT
	Thanks.
	Model Statement: “I’m sorry to hear that your pain is returning. We want you to be in as little pain as possible. Together we can figure out the best way to reduce your pain quickly.”

2 Impact of injury on daily life

Followed Up

3 Gaps in health literacy around diabetic diet

Followed Up

	Description: Tina describes controlling her diabetes by avoiding “sweets.”
	How did you manage diabetes now?	Question 01:13 PM EDT
	I just watch what I eat and try to stay away from sweets.
	Great, that’s a good way to control diabetes?	Educate 01:13 PM EDT
	Alright, thanks for letting me know.
	Model Statement: “Staying away from sugar is a great start. I can give you some more information on what a balanced diet looks like for someone with diabetes. For example, many starchy foods break down into glucose in the body, like pasta, and so you can eat those in moderation, too. Most people with diabetes feel better when they limit all starches, eat protein, and take regular medication.”

4 Lack of treatment with diabetes medication

Followed Up

5 Lack of blood glucose monitoring

Followed Up

6 Gaps in health literacy around asthma control

Not Followed Up

	Description: Tina describes increased inhaler use and decreased effectiveness, indicating that her asthma is uncontrolled.
	how many times do you use the inhaler?	Question 12:49 PM EDT
	I don’t use it every day. Maybe two or three times a week. Although I guess lately, once I have to use it once, sometimes I need it again that day.
	have you been been hospitalized for asthma?	Question 12:50 PM EDT
	I went a bunch of times when I was little, for asthma attacks.
	What else have you used for the asthma?	Question 12:51 PM EDT
	Model Statement: “It sounds like your asthma is giving you some problems, and you’re not getting full relief from your inhaler. I would like to talk with you about changing your medication and your regimen, to reduce your frequent breathing problems, so that you feel better day-to-day. Most patients find that using a daily inhaler is an easy way to reduce your asthma symptoms even more.”

7 Loss of a family member

Followed Up

8 Counseling around past drug use

Followed Up

9 Gap in sexual health literacy

Followed Up

	Description: Tina reveals that she doesn’t fully understand the importance of testing for STIs.
	did you use condoms?	Question 02:16 PM EDT
	I was on the pill so we didn’t need them.
	Condom use is important to prevent STDS	Educate 02:17 PM EDT
	OK, I understand.
	Have you been tested for STDs with your boyfriend? (Clarified to: Has your friend been checked for sexually transmitted infections?)	Question 02:55 PM EDT
	When we were together, he told me he didn’t have any STDs, and I believed him. I don’t know if he was ever tested. (Clarified to: if my sexual partner has been tested for STIs)
	It is good to be tested for STDs to be sure	Educate 02:56 PM EDT
	Sure, I think I understand what you mean.
	Model Statement: “There are many sexually transmitted infections that don’t necessarily present symptoms, for either men or women, and can persist for years if left untreated. The only way to be certain you and your partners are free of STIs is for both of you to get tested. This can be done as a part of a typical gynecological exam. Because your past partner was not tested, I would recommend that you get tested during your next annual pap smear.”

10 Risk for hypertension

Followed Up

11 Describes problematic menstrual cycle and symptoms

Followed Up

	Description: Tina describes her periods as painful, long, and heavy.
	How are your periods?	Question 02:23 PM EDT
	My periods are always the same–they’re bad. Cramps. Lots of bleeding for more than a week.
	Seems your periods are heavier than normal, maybe we should discuss a way to make them less heavy, such as hormonal pills	Educate 02:25 PM EDT
	Thanks for telling me.
	What do you take for cramps?	Question 02:25 PM EDT
	I take Advil. I try a heating pad sometimes and that only helps a little.
	Sorry for the discomforts	Empathize 02:27 PM EDT
	Thanks for understanding.
	Model Statement: “Those periods sound painful and difficult to deal with. I’m sorry you have so many challenging symptoms. If you are interested, we can talk about hormonal birth control options that can make your periods less painful, or even lighter.” Tina jones Health History shadow health Education & Empathy.

Free Evidence-Based Practice Model Example Essay Paper

Evidence-Based Practice Model Selection

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a process of taking knowledge and converting it into the delivery of care (Schaffer, Sandau, & Diedrick, 2013).  Most nurses know that EBP improves the quality of patient care in a cost-effective manner.  Most nurses want to base their patient care decisions on the best evidence available (Melnyk, Fineout-Overholt, Gallagher-Ford, & Kaplan, 2012).  It takes more than this knowledge and desire, however, to implement EBP into clinical nursing practice.  Multiple barriers exist that make the realization of EBP challenging.  These roadblocks include inadequate financial support, limited resources, inadequate computer skills, dissatisfaction with supervisors’ assistance in participating in EBP, absence of an academic degree, and unclear and unrealistic workplace goals (Kajermo et al., 2008; Melnyk et al., 2004).  More recently, Melnyk et al. (2012) identified other barriers such as lack of education, inadequate access to information, and time to implement and use EBP.  In 2001, the Institute of Medicine estimated that translating research evidence into clinical practice takes over 17 years.  Even 13 years later, the process is lengthy and full of hurdles (Brown, 2014).  Evidence-based practice models are tools that health care organizations can use to overcome the challenges.

Evidence-Based Practice Model Selected

Multiple theoretical models have been developed to help turn research discoveries into clinical practice and assist organizations to implement evidence-based practice into their routines. In organizational settings, leadership must decide which evidence-based changes to make and how to do it.  These models present a methodical approach and break the complex process into smaller steps.  Using these models enhances the chance of success, promotes complete implementation, improves resource allocation, and provides a mechanism to evaluate outcomes (Schaffer, Sandau, & Diedrick, 2013).

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The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality Care (Titler et al., 2002) is one such conceptual model that has been used in numerous academic and organizational settings to facilitate the implementation of EBP (Gawlinski & Rutledge, 2008).  Multiple facilities have documented its success and value.  The Iowa Model utilizes an algorithm with decision points and feedback loops (Schaffer, Sandau, & Diedrick, 2013).  Within the algorithm is a feedback mechanism that helps question current practices and determine if evidence exists that can improve those practices.  The model can focus efforts based on either observed problems or new knowledge (White & Spruce, 2015).

After reviewing other EBP models, the Iowa Model was chosen as the best way to explore new triage methods that could improve patient flow through the emergency department.  Many reasons support this decision.  First, the Iowa Model works well with organizational change (White & Spruce, 2015).  Second, it focuses on an interdisciplinary approach.  The Iowa Model uses input from a team that represents the system in question and collaborates to implement EBP (Schaffer, Sandau, & Diedrick, 2013).  Emergency department processes involve multiple disciplines that work closely together- physicians, nurses, ancillary departments, and administration.  A model that depends on the collaboration of many is a logical choice.  Third, Gawlinski and Rutledge (2008) describe the Iowa model as being intuitively understandable or, in other words, user-friendly.  Finally, the Iowa model is attractive because it allows a trial run of the proposed change before final implementation (White & Spruce, 2015).

The Iowa Model and Improving Emergency Department Patient Flow

Applying the Iowa Model will facilitate the implementation of an evidence-based triage system in the emergency department.  The algorithm in the model has three decision points.  The first decision point is to determine whether the topic is a priority for the organization.  Some topics are triggered by knowledge while some are triggered by problems.  Implementing a new, evidence-based triage model is a priority for the organization, which has been brought to light because of the emergency department crowding issue.  Therefore, the next step is to form an interdisciplinary team (Titler et al., 2002; White & Spruce, 2015).

The team should consist of all interested stakeholders, representatives of every discipline that is directly involved in the EBP implementation (Titler et al., 2002).  It is well documented that change is more successful when initiated by frontline practitioners rather when management imposes it on them (Doody & Doody, 2011).  For the emergency department, the team will include direct patient care nurses, the nurse manager, the nurse educator, a physician, a nurse practitioner, nurses’ aide, and a patient registrar.

According to the Iowa Model, the team is first tasked with searching for evidence (Titler et al., 2002).  They should brainstorm together and determine key words for database searches regarding triage models.  This literature search should include research evidence and existing evidence-based guidelines.  For emergency medicine, there are multiple professional organizations and governmental agencies that have studied triage models.  After evidence has been gathered, the team needs to critique and synthesize the evidence.  If members of the team are not experienced with literature searches and assessing the strength of evidence, they should enlist the help of someone in their organization who is (Titler et al., 2002).  Ideally, the team will find pre-appraised research, systematic reviews, and even guidelines that have already been developed for triage systems.  Existing guidelines will help the team identify gaps in knowledge (White & Spruce, 2015).  This work brings the team to the next decision. Free Evidence-Based Practice Model Example Essay Paper.

The second decision point in the algorithm is whether there is enough evidence to guide evidence-based practice.  If the team believes there is a sufficient amount of quality research evidence on triage models, they can move on to piloting an evidence-based change.  If they do not have a solid research base, they may decide to proceed using other types of evidence, such as case studies, expert opinion, scientific principles, or theory.  Alternatively, the team may choose to conduct the research that is lacking (Titler et al., 2002).

If the team proceeds with the development of a new triage model, the next phase is to pilot the change in practice.  There are six steps to follow at this stage.  First, the desired outcomes should be determined (Titler et al., 2002).  Modifying triage is an attempt to improve patient flow through the emergency department; therefore, potential outcomes to measure might be length of stay, time it takes until a patient sees a physician, or number of patients who leave without a physician assessment.  The second step is to obtain baseline data; measure the outcomes before implementing change (Titler et al., 2002).

The third step is to develop the written guidelines that establish the new process and protocols for triage.  The fourth step involves testing the new process on a sample of patients.  In the emergency department, the team could decide to test the new triage process for two weeks, or they could use the new process on alternate days for a month.  Regardless, this step involves training all of the personnel involved and communicating the expectations well.  The fifth step is to evaluate the new process by comparing the outcome measures to the baseline data obtained in step two.  This establishes if the new process affected patient flow positively.  Finally, the last step includes modifying the guidelines based on the outcomes.  It is possible that the team needs to tweak the process based on an unexpected factor or a specific need of this particular emergency department that was not foreseen (Titler et al., 2002).

Conclusion

In today’s health care environment, it has never been more important to practice evidence-based care.  Nurse leaders have a responsibility to ensure that high-quality care is delivered in a cost effective way, and EBP leads to improved health care and lower costs.  The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality Care “serves as a guide for nurses and health care providers to use research findings for improvement of patient care” (Titler et al., 2002, p. 498).  The Iowa Model will be especially useful in directing the implementation of a new triage process to improve emergency department patient flow. Free Evidence-Based Practice Model Example Essay Paper.

References

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White, S., & Spruce, L. (2015). Perioperative nursing leaders implement clinical practice    guidelines using the Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice. Association of    Operating Room Nurses.AORN Journal, 102(1), 50-59.             doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2015.04.001. Free Evidence-Based Practice Model Example Essay Paper

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Planning is the key to successful completion of this course and program-related objectives. The Individual Success Plan (ISP) assignment requires early collaboration with the course faculty and your course preceptor. Students must establish a plan for successful completion of

1. The required 50 community direct clinical practice experience hours, 50 leadership direct clinical practice hours, and 25 indirect clinical experience hours.
2. Completion of work associated with program competencies.
3. Work associated with completion of the student’s capstone project change proposal.

Students will use the “Individual Success Plan” to develop an individual plan for completing practice hours and course objectives. As a part of this process, students will identify the number of hours set aside to meet course goals.

Student expectations and instructions for completing the ISP document are provided in the “NRS-493 Individual Success Plan” resource, located in the Study Materials and in the assignment instructions.

Students should apply concepts from prior courses to critically examine and improve their current practice. Students are expected to integrate scholarly readings to develop case reports that demonstrate increasingly complex and proficient practice.

After the ISP has been developed by the student and approved by the course faculty, students will initiate a preconference with the faculty and preceptor to review the ISP.

You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.

NRS-493 Individual Success Plan

REQUIRED PRACTICE HOURS: 100 Direct Clinical Experience (50 hours community/50 hours leadership) – 25 Indirect Clinical Experience Hours.

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ISP Instructions

Use this form to develop your Individual Success Plan (ISP) for NRS-493, the Professional Capstone and Practicum course. An individual success plan maps out what you, the RN-to-BSN student, needs to accomplish in order to be successful as you work through this course and complete your overall program of study. You will also share this with your preceptor at the beginning and end of this course so that he or she will know what you need to accomplish.

In this ISP, you will identify all of the objectives and assignments relating to the 100 direct clinical practice experience hours and the 25 indirect clinical practice hours you need to complete by the end of this course. Use this template to specify the date by which you will complete each assignment. Your plan should include a self-assessment of how you met all applicable GCU RN-to-BSN Domains & Competencies (see Appendix A).

General Requirements

Use the following information to ensure successful completion of each assignment as it pertains to deliverables due in this course:

• Use the Individual Success Plan to develop a personal plan for completing your clinical practice experience hours and self-assess how you will meet the GCU RN-to-BSN University Mission Critical Competencies and the Programmatic Domains & Competencies (Appendix A) related to that course.

Show all of the major deliverables in the course, the topic/course objectives that apply to each deliverable, and lastly, align each deliverable to the applicable University Mission Critical Competencies and the course-specific Domains and Competencies (see Appendix A).

Completing your ISP does not earn clinical practice experience hours, nor does telephone conference time, or time spent with your preceptor.

• Within the Individual Success Plan, ensure you identify all graded course assignments and indirect clinical assignments listed in the table on the next page.

By typing in his/her signature below, the student agrees to have read, understood, and be accountable for the instructions, assignments, and hours shown above and that all questions have been satisfactorily answered by the faculty.

Preceptors will sign upon initial receipt and at the end of the course to confirm that assignments have been complete with your guidance.

APPENDIX A:

GCU RN-to-BSN Domains & Competencies

1. University’s Mission Critical Competencies

How does this Individual Success Plan support the GCU Mission?

MC1: Effective Communication: Therapeutic communication is central to baccalaureate nursing practice. Students gain an understanding of their ethical responsibility and how verbal and written communication affects others intellectually and emotionally. Students begin to use nursing terminology and taxonomies within the practice of professional and therapeutic communication. Courses require students to write scholarly papers, prepare presentations, develop persuasive arguments, and engage in discussion that is clear, assertive, and respectful.

MC2: Critical Thinking: Courses require students to use critical thinking skills by analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating scientific evidence needed to improve patient outcomes and professional practice.

MC3: Christian Worldview: Students will apply a Christian worldview within a global society and examine ethical issues from the framework of a clearly articulated system of professional values. Students will engage in discussion of values-based decisions made from a Christian perspective.

MC4: Global Awareness, Perspectives, and Ethics: The concept of global citizenship is introduced to baccalaureate students in the foundational curriculum. Some courses will focus on the human experience across the world health continuum. The World Health Organization (WHO) definitions of health, health disparities, and determinants of health are foundational to nursing practice.

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MC5: Leadership: Students are required to develop skills and knowledge associated with their professional role. Courses require students to develop self-leadership skills such as time management, setting priorities, self-control, and evaluation of their abilities and performance.

1. Domains and Competencies

How does this Individual Success Plan support the Program Domains and Competencies?

Domain 1: Professional Role

Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will be able to incorporate professional values to advance the nursing profession through leadership skills, political involvement, and life-long learning.

Competencies:

1.1:      Exemplify professionalism in diverse health care settings.

1.2:      Manage patient care within the changing environment of the health care system.

1.3:      Exercise professional nursing leadership and management roles in the promotion of patient safety and quality care.

1.4:      Participate in health care policy development to influence nursing practice and health care.

1.5:      Advocate for autonomy and social justice for individuals and diverse populations.

Domain 2: Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice

Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will have acquired a body of nursing knowledge built on a theoretical foundation of liberal arts, science, and nursing concepts that will guide professional practice.

Competencies:

2.1:      Incorporate liberal arts and science studies into nursing knowledge.

2.2:      Comprehend nursing concepts and health theories.

2.3:      Understand and value the processes of critical thinking, ethical reasoning, and decision making.

Domain 3: Nursing Practice

Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will be able to utilize the nursing process to provide safe quality care based on nursing best practices.

Competencies:

3.1:      Utilize the nursing process to provide safe and effective care for patients across the lifespan

3.2:      Implement patient care decisions based on evidence-based practice.

3.3:      Provide individualized education to diverse patient populations in a variety of health care settings.

3.4:      Demonstrate professional standards of practice.

Domain 4: Communication/Informatics

Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will be able to manage information and technology to provide safe quality care in a variety of settings. In addition, graduates will be able to communicate therapeutically and professionally to produce positive working relationships with patients and health care team members.

Competencies:

4.1:      Utilize patient care technology and information management systems.

4.2:      Communicate therapeutically with patients.

4.3:      Promote interprofessional collaborative communication with health care teams to provide safe and effective care.

Domain 5: Holistic Patient Care

Graduates of Grand Canyon University’s RN-BSN program will be able to provide holistic individualized care that is sensitive to cultural and spiritual aspects of the human experience.

Competencies:

5.1:      Understand the human experience across the health-illness continuum.

5.2:      Assess for the spiritual needs and provide appropriate interventions for individuals, families, and groups.

5.3:      Provide culturally sensitive care.

5.4:      Preserve the integrity and human dignity in the care of all patients.