Essay Assignment – Quality Improvement Initiative

Essay Assignment – Quality Improvement Initiative

Quality Improvement Initiative

When attempting to garner support for a quality improvement initiative, it is important to demonstrate how the initiative supports the organization’s mission, vision, and values, as well as external factors that influence an organization’s priorities. Delivering a proposal for a quality improvement initiative requires clear, concise communication of the plan.

Write a minimum of 550 words essay with at least 2 references in APA format. Include the level one headings as numbered below:

1) Choose a QI initiative which has been the subject of focus in any healthcare setting. Explain the rationale that your senior leaders used in selecting this initiative for attention and focus.

2) Explain how adverse events are handled in your organization from the public’s perspective and well as internally.

3) Find a scholarly article or one from the public press, published within the last 5 years which recounts a serious error. Relate this error to any organization with which you have some familiarity.

Required Readings

Joshi, M.S., Ransom, E.R., Nash, D.B., & Ransom, S.B., (Eds.). (2014). The Healthcare Quality Book, 3rd ed. Chicago, IL: Health Administration Press.

Chapter 11: “Patient Safety and Medical Errors”

Clarke, C. M., & Persaud, D. D. (2011). Leading clinical handover improvement: a change strategy to implement best practices in the acute care setting. Journal of Patient Safety, 7(1), 11–18. doi:10.1097/PTS.0b013e31820c98a8

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Designed for leaders who want to improve quality care, this article focuses on clinical handovers that occur within acute care facilities. It provides a model for improvement and is intended to be a supplemental resource that can be used with the existing research and literature on this topic.

Sennett, C. (2010). Healthcare reform: Quality outcomes measurement and reporting. American Health & Drug Benefits. Retrieved from http://www.ahdbonline.com/article/healthcare-reform-quality-outcomes-measurement-and-reporting

The article on this website discusses features of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), focusing on the outcomes and implications for quality outcomes measuring and reporting.

Lazarus, I.R. (2011). What will It take? Exploiting trends in strategic planning to prepare for reform. Journal of Healthcare Management, 56(2), 89–93. Essay Assignment – Quality Improvement Initiative

Required Media

Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2011). Organizational and systems leadership for quality improvement: Organizational priorities for quality improvement. Baltimore: Author.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 9 minutes.

This video provides an overview of organizational factors that influence quality. Lillee Gelinas discusses the importance of teamwork and enlisting leadership to help move quality initiatives forward. Other topics addressed include the role of stakeholders in improving patient safety and the responsibility of hospital board members in setting the quality and safety agenda.

Essay Assignment – Quality Improvement Initiative

Structural Family Therapy (SFT) Essay Assignment

Structural Family Therapy (SFT) Essay Assignment

Divorce and remarriage are not always easy on children because it creates a break up in the family. Children that go through this need a set of combined beliefs and values. Often times structural family therapy (SFT) is used as a treatment that addresses patterns of interaction that create problems with in families. Furthermore, single parents, blended families, and extended families are at risk for family problems and most times can benefit from SFT.

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When joining two separate families, there are external and internal stressors. Thus, a good support system is important for children to aid with this transition. Along with being accommodating and supportive as adults we must also set rules and directions that we expect. The power must be equal among the adults and the rules need to be recognized by the family members.

Structural Family Therapy (SFT) Essay Assignment

Disparities and Determinants of Health Reflective Assignment Paper

Disparities and Determinants of Health Reflective Assignment Paper

Health disparities and the social determinants of health can be influenced by many factors, some obvious and some you may never have considered until now. What does health equity mean to you? What can be done to improve the health of vulnerable populations in your community, nationally, and even globally?

To prepare for this Application Assignment, review your Learning Resources and the Discussion posts from your classmates this week. Think about your community, and particularly the vulnerable populations and their health risks, as you answer the questions in this week’s application. Find at least two additional resources to add information to your application. One resource should be from a recent (last 5 years) peer-reviewed journal (from the Walden University Library). For suggestions to help with your search, visit the Library. The other additional resource should be from an online source with “.edu”, “.org”, or “.gov” in the web address to ensure you are accessing a reliable resource.

To complete this Application Assignment, write a 2- to 3-page Disparities and Determinants of Health Reflective Assignment Paper that discusses how health equity and the social determinants of health, as described in this week’s Learning Resources, relate to a racial, ethnic, or geographic group of your choice. In your paper, answer the following questions:

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  1. What does health equity mean to you? What is the impact of health equity from the perspective of a health care professional?
  2. What racial, ethnic, or geographic population are you basing this application on? What types of issues related to health equity are reported in the population you selected for this application?
  3. How does your definition of health equity and diversity relate to Walden’s mission of social justice?

Instruction:

Be sure to support your Disparities and Determinants of Health Reflective Assignment Paper work with specific citations from this week’s Learning Resources and additional scholarly sources, as required.

Resources:

Resources for files below:

https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dch/programs/healthycommunitiesprogram/tools/pdf/SDOH-workbook.pdf

https://class.waldenu.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/USW1/201830_05/BS_HLST/HLTH_3115_WC/artifacts/USW1_HLTH_3115_Week2-WHO_Social_Determinants_health_exec_summary.pdf

Resources:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2137064/

https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html

https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/

Disparities and Determinants of Health Reflective Assignment Paper

Essay Assignment Paper: Population Health Tools – Measuring Health

Essay Assignment Paper: Population Health Tools – Measuring Health

How Healthy is Your Community?

The expression “Think Globally, Act Locally” guides your Discussion this week. By accessing information from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, you will have the opportunity to learn how healthy your community is. You will identify the key health issues and vulnerable populations in your own county. Understanding the factors that influence the health status of residents in your county will provide you with a local perspective to compare to global health challenges you will examine in weeks to come.

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To prepare for this Discussion, first learn a little about the health statistics for your county. If you are not located in the U.S., pick a state and county you might like to visit or know more about to complete this assignment. Go to the Community Health Status Indicators Report, and select your state and county to review your local report.
http://wwwn.cdc.gov/CommunityHealth/homepage.aspx?j=1

Then, go to the Walden Library and find at least one recent (within last 5 years) article in addition to your Learning Resources to document, and support, the concepts you include in your Discussion post. For suggestions to help with your search, visit the Library http://library.waldenu.edu/908.htm

By Day 4, post a comprehensive response to the following:

Using the information available on the Community Health Status Indicators Report, provide a summary of the following information in your county. Use the article(s) you located, as well as your Learning Resources, to support your answers to the following questions in your post:

1. Identify your county and state.
2. How healthy is your county? What evidence did you use to come to your conclusion?
3. What vulnerable populations are identified in your county? Are there groups of individuals who have health disparities? Are there issues related to access to care within your county? If so, what are they?
4. Highlight the risk factors for premature death and environmental health concerns seen in you county.
5. Where does your county excel or fall behind in preventive health? Provide examples.
Resources for files below:

https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dch/programs/healthycommunitiesprogram/tools/pdf/SDOH-workbook.pdf

https://class.waldenu.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/USW1/201830_05/BS_HLST/HLTH_3115_WC/artifacts/USW1_HLTH_3115_Week2-WHO_Social_Determinants_health_exec_summary.pdf

State-specific Prevalence of Obesity Among U.S. Adults, by Race.Ethnicity, 2006-2008

Resources:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2137064/

https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html

https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/

Essay Assignment Paper: Population Health Tools – Measuring Health

Streptococcal Pharyngitis NURS 6501 Week 1 Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes

Streptococcal Pharyngitis NURS 6501 Week 1 Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes

Week 1 Discussion: Streptococcal Pharyngitis
Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Streptococcal pharyngitis, also known as Strep throat, is a bacterial infection in the throat. The type of bacteria commonly identified in strep throat is group A streptococcus. It presents with symptoms such as sore throat, dysphagia, white exudate on tonsils, enlarged tonsils, fever, and adenopathy. Streptococcal bacteria are contagious and can spread through airborne droplets. Treatment includes oral antibiotics, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen (Strep throat, 2018).

It has been found that patients that frequently contract strep throat are correlated with recurrent tonsillitis and a weak immune response to group A streptococcus. Some people are carriers of the Group A strain and there could also be a family history of recurrent streptococcal pharyngitis (Citroner, 2019). Streptococcal Pharyngitis NURS 6501 Week 1 Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes

The patient develops a fever in response to the immune system trying to fight the infection. The streptococcal bacteria caused the sore throat, the reddened posterior pharynx, the white exudate on tonsils that were enlarged, and anterior and posterior adenopathy.

The patient was prescribed an antibiotic called Amoxicillin to treat his strep throat. The physiological response to him taking the antibiotic was swelling of the tongue and lips with difficulty breathing; which is known as an allergic reaction. This response occurred due to the immune system overreacting to the allergen, which was the antibiotic. The body produces antibodies called Immunoglobulin E that travel to cells that release a chemical called histamine that caused the symptoms such as difficulty breathing and swelling of the tongue and lips (Allergies 2018).

The cells that are involved in strep throat include epithelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Epithelial cells are one of the first cells that encounter group A streptococcus pyogenes, also known a GAS, during pharyngeal infection. They enact barrier defenses, secretion of antimicrobial peptides, and innate immune signals (Soderholm et al., 2018). Neutrophils begin to multiple and entrap and kill invading bacteria, such as GAS. Macrophages and dendritic cells activate inflammatory signaling pathways and pathogen recognition to fight against GAS infection (Valderrama & Nizet, 2018).

Children age five through fifteen are more likely to get strep throat. Since the bacteria is highly contagious, close contact with other people such as in schools and daycares increases the risk of getting and spreading the infection. Children also don’t cover their mouth and nose when they sneeze or wash their hands frequently, which contributes to spreading the infection (Worried your sore throat may be strep, 2018).

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References

Allergies. (2018, January 06). Retrieved June 03, 2020, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/allergies/symptoms-causes/syc-20351497

Citroner, G. (2019, February 11). Here’s Why Certain Kids Repeatedly Get Strep Throat. Retrieved June 03, 2020, from https://www.healthline.com/health-news/why-your-kid-keeps-getting-strep-throat

Soderholm, A. T., Barnett, T. C., Korn, O., Rivera-Hernandez, T., Seymour, L. M., Schulz, B. L., . . . Walker, M. J. (2018). Group A Streptococcus M1T1 Intracellular Infection of Primary Tonsil Epithelial Cells Dampens Levels of Secreted IL-8 Through the Action of SpyCEP. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 8. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00160

Strep throat. (2018, September 28). Retrieved June 03, 2020, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/strep-throat/symptoms-causes/syc-20350338

Valderrama, J. A., & Nizet, V. (2018). Group A Streptococcus encounters with host macrophages. Future Microbiology,13(1), 119-134. doi:10.2217/fmb-2017-0142

Worried your sore throat may be strep? (2018, November 01). Retrieved June 03, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/strep-throat.html

Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes

Photo Credit: Getty Images

At its core, pathology is the study of disease. Diseases occur for many reasons. But some, such as cystic fibrosis and Parkinson’s Disease, occur because of alterations that prevent cells from functioning normally.

Understanding of signals and symptoms of alterations in cellular processes is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For the Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN), this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.

For this Discussion, you examine a case study and explain the disease that is suggested. You examine the symptoms reported and explain the cells that are involved and potential alterations and impacts.

To prepare:

  • By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific scenario for this Discussion. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.
By Day 3 of Week 1

Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Include the following in your explanation:

  • The role genetics plays in the disease.
  • Why the patient is presenting with the specific symptoms described.
  • The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred.
  • The cells that are involved in this process.
  • How another characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) would change your response.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6 of Week 1

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on 2 different days and respectfully agree or disagree with your colleague’s assessment and explain your reasoning. In your explanation, include why their explanations make physiological sense or why they do not

Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Submit! Streptococcal Pharyngitis NURS 6501 Week 1 Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes

Excellent Good Fair Poor
Main Posting
45 (45%) – 50 (50%)

Answers all parts of the Discussion question(s) with reflective critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources.

Supported by at least three current, credible sources.

Written clearly and concisely with no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style.

40 (40%) – 44 (44%)

Responds to the Discussion question(s) and is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.

At least 75% of post has exceptional depth and breadth.

Streptococcal Pharyngitis NURS 6501 Week 1 Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes

Supported by at least three credible sources.

Written clearly and concisely with one or no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style.

35 (35%) – 39 (39%)

Responds to some of the Discussion question(s).

One or two criteria are not addressed or are superficially addressed.

Is somewhat lacking reflection and critical analysis and synthesis.

Somewhat represents knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.

Post is cited with two credible sources.

Written somewhat concisely; may contain more than two spelling or grammatical errors.

Contains some APA formatting errors.

(0%) – 34 (34%)

Does not respond to the Discussion question(s) adequately.

Lacks depth or superficially addresses criteria.

Lacks reflection and critical analysis and synthesis.

Does not represent knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.

Contains only one or no credible sources.

Not written clearly or concisely.

Contains more than two spelling or grammatical errors.

Does not adhere to current APA manual writing rules and style.

Main Post: Timeliness
10 (10%) – 10 (10%)
Posts main post by Day 3.
(0%) – 0 (0%)
N/A
(0%) – 0 (0%)
N/A
(0%) – 0 (0%)
Does not post main post by Day 3.
First Response
17 (17%) – 18 (18%)

Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings.

Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources.

Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of Learning Objectives.

Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues.

Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed.

Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.

15 (15%) – 16 (16%)

Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings.

Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues.

Responses to faculty questions are answered, if posed.

Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources.

Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.

13 (13%) – 14 (14%)

Response is on topic and may have some depth.

Responses posted in the Discussion may lack effective professional communication.

Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed.

Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited.

(0%) – 12 (12%)

Response may not be on topic and lacks depth.

Responses posted in the Discussion lack effective professional communication.

Responses to faculty questions are missing.

No credible sources are cited. Streptococcal Pharyngitis NURS 6501 Week 1 Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes

Second Response
16 (16%) – 17 (17%)

Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings.

Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources.

Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of Learning Objectives.

Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues.

Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed.

Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.

14 (14%) – 15 (15%)

Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings.

Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues.

Responses to faculty questions are answered, if posed.

Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources.

Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.

12 (12%) – 13 (13%)

Response is on topic and may have some depth.

Responses posted in the Discussion may lack effective professional communication.

Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed.

Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited.

(0%) – 11 (11%)

Response may not be on topic and lacks depth.

Responses posted in the Discussion lack effective professional communication.

Responses to faculty questions are missing.

No credible sources are cited.

Streptococcal Pharyngitis NURS 6501 Week 1 Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes

Participation
(5%) – 5 (5%)
Meets requirements for participation by posting on 3 different days.
(0%) – 0 (0%)
N/A
(0%) – 0 (0%)
N/A
(0%) – 0 (0%)
Does not meet requirements for participation by posting on 3 different days.
Total Points: 100

 

Discussion Post 1

The patient is presenting signs consistent with positive symptoms of sore throat or better called streptococcal pharyngitis. This disease condition is caused by group A streptococcus pyrogen. The infection is indicated by elevated temperature of 99.9, redness of the pharynx which may include exudate, tonsils that are enlarged lymph nodes. Other symptoms of strep throat include pain, difficulty swallowing and breathing problems. Streptococcal Pharyngitis NURS 6501 Week 1 Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes

The role genetics plays in the disease: It is important to note that genetics play a very important role in the disease process (Keene, Christiensen, & Stiller, 2018). Variations in the DNA and differences in how the DNA function which includes coding for structural proteins that stimulate the biochemical pathways that lead to disease conditions. In the case of sore throat the genetics involvement in the disease process is not clear. It is possible that some families are more susceptible to this disease than others

Why the patient is presenting with the specific symptoms described: This disease is usually transmitted through contact with infected person. The person described in the scenario is infected with the bacteria which survives in the pharynx of an infected person. The infection is the reason for the symptoms.

The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred: The human body naturally increase body temperature as an innate immune response to fight the growth of any foreign objects found in the body. The toxins produced by the bacteria released into the bloodstream can lead to systemic immune response. The physiologic response here is because of anaphylactic reaction which can be a form of allergic reaction to amoxicillin. The medication acted as allergen and caused the release of histamines and prostaglandins. The swelling, difficulty breathing and other symptoms are signs of allergic reaction.

The cells that are involved in this process: According to Hammer & Mcphee, (2014) the bacteria pathogen that causes strep throat arrange itself in fragment of red blood cells to avoid detection. It was discovered that Group A Streptococcus (GAS) produces protein named S protein which binds to red blood cells to avoid being destroyed by phagocytic immune cells (Bergamini, 2019)

How another characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) would change your response: The condition is most common in children 5- 15 years old. Adults suffer from the condition but at much lower rate. There is no evidence at this time to suggest that gender is a risk factor. As per genetics, it is possible that some family lineage can be more vulnerable to certain disease than others. Streptococcal Pharyngitis NURS 6501 Week 1 Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes

 

References

Bergamini, A. (2019). The allergic reaction to carboplatin. Cancer & Chemotherapy

            Reviews14(4), 69–72.

Hammer, G. D. & Mcphee, S. J. (2014). Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical

            Medicine (7th ed.). New York, NY: Mc Graw Hills

Keene, K., Christiensen, T., & Stiller, J. (2018). From DNA to Proteins. Science Teacher86(1),

35–39. Streptococcal Pharyngitis NURS 6501 Week 1 Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes

NURS 4100 / 4105 Position Paper on Health Policy: Death with Dignity Act

URS 4100 / 4105 Position Paper on Health Policy: Death with Dignity Act

Now that you have analyzed many different aspects of health care policy, you are better able to form a comprehensive evidence-based opinion on its effectiveness. The policy you chose to focus on, like all policy, as you now well know, is a conglomeration of many different facets. Each of those facets is integral to the policy’s success, efficiency, and value.

As a nursing professional and advocate for change, having an all-inclusive understanding of health care policy (the Death with Dignity) is extremely important. Nurses have a tremendous amount of untapped power to make positive changes. NURS 4100 / 4105 Position Paper on Health Policy: Death with Dignity Act. Your knowledge of policy is just a first step. With this new process of breaking down and analyzing each of the pieces of health care policy, you have added another tool to your toolkit.

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To complete this Assignment, consider all of your findings from the Discussion in Week 1 and the Assignments in Weeks 2 and 3. Analyze your research on the policy, including costs, quality, and/or safety issues.

Address the following:

Introduce the topic by drawing from your previous work. Introduce the policy by providing an overview of the suggested or implemented policy: background of the topic, including main elements of the policy, costs, and quality/safety. Assert your main thesis statement.
Offer an evidence-based, informed opinion in support of the suggested or implemented policy. Describe at least two major contributions that this policy makes to health care, nursing, or health outcomes. Provide support with at least three sources of evidence. NURS 4100 / 4105 Position Paper on Health Policy: Death with Dignity Act
Discuss at least one opposing opinion to the suggested or implemented policy. Provide evidence and/or data to support the counterargument.
Present a final position on the policy. Support the final defensible argument with current literature.
Conclusion:
A. Restate your argument.
B. Provide a plan of action, but do not introduce new information. In total, your paper will be 4–5 pages in length, not including the title page or reference page.

Academic Writing Expectations Checklist

NURS 4100: Weeks 1–6

 

The items noted below are areas where you can improve. Click on the links to access Writing Center resources:NURS 4100 / 4105 Position Paper on Health Policy: Death with Dignity Act

 

  • Sentence-level skills

Using commas appropriately. See examples of the different comma uses.

Ensuring that pronouns match their nouns. See this discussion of noun-pronoun agreement.

Proofreading for grammar, mechanics, and spelling. Read these proofreading tips.

 

Comments:

 

  • Paragraph-level skills

Focusing each paragraph on one central idea (rather than multiple ideas). See an explanation of how topic sentences work.

Ordering sentences logically in a paragraph. See an explanation of how the MEAL plan builds a strong paragraph.

 

Comments:

 

  • Essay-level skills

Structuring the paper (with an introduction, body, and conclusion). See an explanation of outlining a paper to plan organization.

Making an overall argument. See description and examples of thesis statements.

Using transitions to guide the reader and show relationships. See a guide to transitional phrases.

 

Comments:

 

  • Awareness of audience and discipline

Writing in an academic voice. See the different facets of an appropriately formal tone.

Formatting the paper according to APA style guidelines. See the course paper template for correct margins, spacing, font, and more.

 

Comments:

  • Use of evidence

Using readings, statistics, or data to effectively support a claim. See examples of integrating evidence in a paper.

Avoiding quotes. If used, enclose direct quotes in quotation marks. Read about the purpose of quotation marks.

Paraphrasing to avoid plagiarizing the source. See paraphrasing strategies. (Paraphrase rather than quote—no more than one quote)

Use the most current evidence (usually ≤ 5 years old). NURS 4100 / 4105 Position Paper on Health Policy: Death with Dignity Act

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Comments:

 

  • Credit to source

Using in-text citations appropriately. See examples of citations in APA style.

Setting up your reference list at the end of the paper or Discussion post. See this reference list overview.

Formatting the reference entries according to APA style. See common reference examples here.

 

Comments:

 

 

Rubric Detail

 

Select Grid View or List View to change the rubric’s layout.

Name: NURS_4105_Week5_Assignment_Rubric

Show Descriptions

Required Content “Introduction presents overview of policy, including background, main policy elements, costs and quality/safety elements.

Excellent 45 (15%) – 50 (16.67%)

Proficient 40 (13.33%) – 44 (14.67%)

Basic 35 (11.67%) – 39 (13%)

Needs Improvement 0 (0%) – 34 (11.33%)

Required Content Policy is supported with an evidence-based argument. A minimum of two major contributions to health care, nursing, and/or health outcomes are presented.

Excellent 76 (25.33%) – 85 (28.33%)

Proficient 68 (22.67%) – 75 (25%)

Basic 59 (19.67%) – 67 (22.33%)

Needs Improvement 0 (0%) – 58 (19.33%)

Required Content An opposing opinion to the suggested policy is presented with evidence.

Excellent 36 (12%) – 40 (13.33%)

Proficient 32 (10.67%) – 35 (11.67%)

Basic 28 (9.33%) – 31 (10.33%)

Needs Improvement 0 (0%) – 30 (10%)

Required Content Final position stated supported with current literature.

Excellent 36 (12%) – 40 (13.33%)

Proficient 32 (10.67%) – 35 (11.67%)

Basic 28 (9.33%) – 31 (10.33%)

Needs Improvement 0 (0%) – 30 (10%)

Required Content A plan of action with conclusion is presented.

Excellent 23 (7.67%) – 25 (8.33%)

Proficient 20 (6.67%) – 22 (7.33%)

Basic 18 (6%) – 19 (6.33%)

Needs Improvement 0 (0%) – 17 (5.67%)

Academic Writing Expectations (AWE 3) 4000 Level “Displays sentence and paragraph level skills: Constructs simple, complex and compound sentences; Writes without spelling, grammatical or syntax errors; Writes without sentence fragments or run on sentences; Uses punctuation appropriately; Writes appropriate introductions and conclusions. Demonstrates essay level skills: Cohesion and flow by using transition sentences; Precision, clarity and academic tone; Awareness of discipline specific audience. NURS 4100 / 4105 Position Paper on Health Policy: Death with Dignity Act. Displays academic expression: Scholarly voice: evidence of the student’s own ideas with a well-organized presentation of evidence; Synthesizes resources by using own words; Uses evidence from course learning resources, scholarly resources and seeks additional resources to support content as required in the assignment, Provided support with 5 additional scholarly articles as sources of evidence. “

Excellent 27 (9%) – 30 (10%)

Proficient 24 (8%) – 26 (8.67%)

Basic 21 (7%) – 23 (7.67%)

Needs Improvement 0 (0%) – 20 (6.67%)

APA
“APA Formatting: cover page, title of paper on second page, level headings, Times New Roman 12 font, 1″” margins, and page numbers. APA References: Uses in-text citations appropriately and format correctly. Paraphrases to avoid plagiarizing the source.
Reference list is in alphabetical order, hanging indent, double spaced in format. Each specific entry contains all information required by APA format including author, year of publication, title of publication, pages, DOI, website, as appropriate.” NURS 4100 / 4105 Position Paper on Health Policy: Death with Dignity Act

Excellent 27 (9%) – 30 (10%)

Proficient 24 (8%) – 26 (8.67%)

Basic 21 (7%) – 23 (7.67%)

Needs Improvement 0 (0%) – 20 (6.67%)

Total Points: 300

Name: NURS_4105_Week5_Assignment_Rubric

 

Nursing Essay Writing Proofreading

Nursing Essay Writing Proofreading

Introduction

Proofreading involves reading your document to correct the smaller typographical, grammatical, and spelling errors. Proofreading is usually the very last step you take before sending off the final draft of your work for evaluation or publication. It comes after you have addressed larger matters such as style, content, citations, and organization during revising. Like revising, proofreading demands a close and careful reading of the text. Although quite tedious, it is a necessary and worthwhile exercise that ensures that your reader is not distracted by careless mistakes.

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Tips for Proofreading

  • Distance yourself from your work.
    • Set aside the document for a few hours or even a few days before proofreading. Taking a bit of time off enables you to see the document anew. A document that might have seemed well written one day may not look the same when you review it a few days later. Taking a step back provides you with a fresh (and possibly more constructive) perspective.
  • Proofread at a specific time of day.
    • Make a conscious effort to proofread at a specific time of day (or night!) when you are most alert to spotting errors. If you are a morning person, try proofreading then. If you are a night owl, try proofreading at this time. Nursing Essay Writing Proofreading
  • Print a hard copy of the text.
    • Reviewing the document in a different format and having the ability to manually circle and underline errors can help you take the perspective of the reader, identifying issues that you might ordinarily miss. Additionally, a hard copy gives you a different visual format (away from your computer screen) to see the words anew.
  • Do not rely exclusively on grammar and spelling checkers.
    • Although useful, programs like Word’s spell-checker and Grammarly can misidentify or not catch errors. Although grammar checkers give relevant tips and recommendations, they are only helpful if you know how to apply the feedback they provide. Similarly, MS Word’s spell checker may not catch words that are spelled correctly but used in the wrong context (e.g., differentiating between their, they’re, and there). Beyond that, sometimes a spell checker may mark a correct word as wrong simply because the word is not found in the spell checker’s dictionary. To supplement tools such as these, be sure to use dictionaries and other grammar resources to check your work. You can also make appointments with our writing instructors for feedback concerning grammar and word choice, as well as other areas of your writing!
  • Read your text aloud and slowly.
    • Reading a text aloud allows you to identify errors that you might gloss over when reading silently. This technique is particularly useful for identifying run-on and other types of awkward sentences. If you can, read for an audience. Ask a friend or family member to listen to your work and provide feedback, checking for comprehension, organization, and flow.
  • Have someone else read aloud to you.
    • Hearing someone else read your work allows you to simply listen without having to focus on the written words yourself. You can be a more critical listener when you are engaged in only the audible words. Nursing Essay Writing Proofreading
  • Go through the paper backwards.
    • By reading the document backwards, sentence by sentence, you are able to focus only on the words and sentences without paying attention to the context or content.
  • Use a ruler or blank piece of paper.
    • Placing a ruler or a blank sheet of paper under each line as you read it will give your eyes a manageable amount of text to read.
  • Check for familiar errors.
    • If you can identify one type of error that you struggle with (perhaps something that a faculty member has commented on in your previous work), go through the document and look specifically for these types of errors. Learn from your mistakes, too, by mastering the problem concept so that it does not appear in subsequent drafts.
  • Proofread for one type of error at a time.
    • Related to the previous strategy of checking for familiar errors, you can proofread by focusing on one error at a time. For instance, if commas are your most frequent problem, go through the paper checking just that one problem. Then proofread again for the next most frequent problem.
  • Ask someone else to look over the document.
    • After you have finished making corrections, have someone else scan the document for errors. A different set of eyes and a mind that is detached from the writing can identify errors that you may have overlooked. Nursing Essay Writing Proofreading
  • Proofreading is not just about errors.
    • Remember that proofreading is not just about errors. You want to polish your sentences, making them smooth, interesting, and clear. Watch for very long sentences, since they may be less clear than shorter, more direct sentences. Pay attention to the rhythm of your writing; try to use sentences of varying lengths and patterns. Look for unnecessary phrases, repetition, and awkward spots. Nursing Essay Writing Proofreading

Nursing Essay Writing Grammar: Noun–Pronoun Agreement

Nursing Essay Writing Grammar: Noun–Pronoun Agreement

Noun-Pronoun Agreement Basics

The purpose of a pronoun is to take the place or refer back to a noun in a sentence. Just like subjects and verbs, nouns and pronouns should agree in number within a sentence.

Singular Noun, Singular Pronoun

When writing a sentence, using the same word more than once can get repetitive.

Example: Francine edited her paper because her paper was full of errors.

  • Rather than repeating “paper” twice, it is possible to use a pronoun.

Revision: Francine edited her paper because it was full of errors. Nursing Essay Writing Grammar: Noun–Pronoun Agreement

  • Since “paper” is singular (there is only one), use a singular pronoun (“it”) to replace it.

Remember to find the true subject of the sentence to determine if the pronoun should be singular or plural. See our webpage on subject–verb agreement for more on singular and plural subjects.

ExampleEach student must find his or her own note-taking strategy.

  • Since the subject is singular (“each), the pronoun (“his or her”) must also be singular.

Example: Neither Bob nor Alex believed he would receive the award.

  • Since the subject is singular (“neither”), the pronoun (“he”) must also be singular.

ExampleA community group of teachers is meeting tonight to see if it can find a way to help students improve their SAT scores.

  • Since the subject is singular (“a community group”), the pronoun (“it”) must also be singular.

Singular “They”

Recently, many academic and popular publications have started accepting the use of the pronoun “they” as a singular pronoun, meaning writers use “they” to correspond to singular subjects in an effort to avoid gendered pronouns. Although the pronoun “they” is only a plural pronoun in some style guides, APA encourages writers to use “they” as a singular or plural pronoun with the specific intention of embracing gender diversity. Nursing Essay Writing Grammar: Noun–Pronoun Agreement

According to the APA Style blog, “when transgender and gender nonconforming people (including agender, genderqueer, and other communities) use the singular “they” as their pronoun, writers should likewise use the singular “they” when writing about them” (para. 1).

With this understanding in mind, when writers are specifically writing about a person or group of people who prefer the singular “they,” writers should also use the singular “they.” Where relevant, we recommend writers explicitly explain that they are using the singular “they” to follow the self-identifications of the people they are discussing.

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Additionally, writers can often avoid the issue of gender-neutral singular pronouns by revising a sentence to make the subject plural:

Original sentence: A teacher should carefully choose professional development opportunities that address her gaps in knowledge. Nursing Essay Writing Grammar: Noun–Pronoun Agreement

Revised sentence: Teachers should carefully choose professional development opportunities that address their gaps in knowledge.

Plural Noun, Plural Pronoun

When the subject of the sentence is plural, the pronoun in the sentence becomes plural as well.

Example: When students arrive on the first day of school, students need help finding the right classroom.

  • Since “students” is plural, use a plural pronoun to replace it.

Revision: When students arrive on the first day of school, they need help finding the right classroom.

Remember to find the true subject of the sentence to determine if the pronoun should be singular or plural. See our webpage on subject–verb agreement for more on singular and plural subjects.

Example: When a supervisor and an employee disagree, they should discuss the situation.

  • Since the subject is plural (“a supervisor and an employee”), the pronoun (“they”) must also be plural.

Example: The professor hoped that the students had reviewed their notes carefully.

  • Since the subject is plural (“students”), the pronoun (“their”) must also be plural.

ExampleBoth Smith (2016) and Taylor (2017) believed their results would lead to social change.

  • Since the subject is plural (“both”), the pronoun (“their”) must also be plural. Nursing Essay Writing Grammar: Noun–Pronoun Agreement

Pronoun Ambiguity

Although pronouns are useful to help writers avoid repetition, they should be used sparingly to keep the meaning of the sentence clear. Take a look at this sentence:

Example: When Jeff and Brian joined the team members, they were scared.

  • The pronoun here (“they”) is unclear–to whom does it refer? Was the team scared? Were Jeff and Brian scared? In this example, because the pronoun “they” is ambiguous, choosing a noun rather than a pronoun will help with clarity.

Revision: When Jeff and Brian joined the team members, the team members were scared.

Gender-Neutral Pronouns Policy

Walden University prides itself as an inclusive institution that serves a diverse population of students. Committed to broadening the university’s understanding of inclusivity and diversity, Walden will now accept gender-neutral pronouns in student writing. This practice acknowledges APA’s recent endorsement of the singular “they” and also embraces alternative pronouns currently in circulation (e.g., the nominatives xe, ve, ze/zir, ey, and zhe and their associated derivations). Walden recognizes that discussion around gender identity is ongoing. As such, the university will accept any pronoun in student writing so long as evidence can be provided that it is accepted as a respectful term by the community it represents. Nursing Essay Writing Grammar: Noun–Pronoun Agreement

Nursing Essays Thesis Statements

Basics of Thesis Statements

The thesis statement is the brief articulation of your paper’s central argument and purpose. You might hear it referred to as simply a “thesis.” Every scholarly paper should have a thesis statement, and strong thesis statements are concise, specific, and arguable. Concise means the thesis is short: perhaps one or two sentences for a shorter paper. Specific means the thesis deals with a narrow and focused topic, appropriate to the paper’s length. Arguable means that a scholar in your field could disagree (or perhaps already has!).

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Strong thesis statements address specific intellectual questions, have clear positions, and use a structure that reflects the overall structure of the paper. Read on to learn more about constructing a strong thesis statement.

Being Specific

This thesis statement has no specific argument:

Needs Improvement: In this essay, I will examine two scholarly articles to find similarities and differences.

This statement is concise, but it is neither specific nor arguable—a reader might wonder, “Which scholarly articles? What is the topic of this paper? What field is the author writing in?” Additionally, the purpose of the paper—to “examine…to find similarities and differences” is not of a scholarly level. Identifying similarities and differences is a good first step, but strong academic argument goes further, analyzing what those similarities and differences might mean or imply. Nursing Essays Thesis Statements

Better: In this essay, I will argue that Bowler’s (2003) autocratic management style, when coupled with Smith’s (2007) theory of social cognition, can reduce the expenses associated with employee turnover.

The new revision here is still concise, as well as specific and arguable.  We can see that it is specific because the writer is mentioning (a) concrete ideas and (b) exact authors.  We can also gather the field (business) and the topic (management and employee turnover). The statement is arguable because the student goes beyond merely comparing; he or she draws conclusions from that comparison (“can reduce the expenses associated with employee turnover”).

Making a Unique Argument

This thesis draft repeats the language of the writing prompt without making a unique argument:

Needs Improvement: The purpose of this essay is to monitor, assess, and evaluate an educational program for its strengths and weaknesses. Then, I will provide suggestions for improvement.

You can see here that the student has simply stated the paper’s assignment, without articulating specifically how he or she will address it. The student can correct this error simply by phrasing the thesis statement as a specific answer to the assignment prompt.

Better: Through a series of student interviews, I found that Kennedy High School’s antibullying program was ineffective. In order to address issues of conflict between students, I argue that Kennedy High School should embrace policies outlined by the California Department of Education (2010).

Words like “ineffective” and “argue” show here that the student has clearly thought through the assignment and analyzed the material; he or she is putting forth a specific and debatable position. The concrete information (“student interviews,” “antibullying”) further prepares the reader for the body of the paper and demonstrates how the student has addressed the assignment prompt without just restating that language. Nursing Essays Thesis Statements.

Creating a Debate

This thesis statement includes only obvious fact or plot summary instead of argument:

Needs Improvement: Leadership is an important quality in nurse educators.

A good strategy to determine if your thesis statement is too broad (and therefore, not arguable) is to ask yourself, “Would a scholar in my field disagree with this point?” Here, we can see easily that no scholar is likely to argue that leadership is an unimportant quality in nurse educators.  The student needs to come up with a more arguable claim, and probably a narrower one; remember that a short paper needs a more focused topic than a dissertation.

Better: Roderick’s (2009) theory of participatory leadership  is particularly appropriate to nurse educators working within the emergency medicine field, where students benefit most from collegial and kinesthetic learning.

Here, the student has identified a particular type of leadership (“participatory leadership”), narrowing the topic, and has made an arguable claim (this type of leadership is “appropriate” to a specific type of nurse educator). Conceivably, a scholar in the nursing field might disagree with this approach. The student’s paper can now proceed, providing specific pieces of evidence to support the arguable central claim. Nursing Essays Thesis Statements

Choosing the Right Words

This thesis statement uses large or scholarly-sounding words that have no real substance:

Needs Improvement: Scholars should work to seize metacognitive outcomes by harnessing discipline-based networks to empower collaborative infrastructures.

There are many words in this sentence that may be buzzwords in the student’s field or key terms taken from other texts, but together they do not communicate a clear, specific meaning. Sometimes students think scholarly writing means constructing complex sentences using special language, but actually it’s usually a stronger choice to write clear, simple sentences. When in doubt, remember that your ideas should be complex, not your sentence structure.

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Better: Ecologists should work to educate the U.S. public on conservation methods by making use of local and national green organizations to create a widespread communication plan.

Notice in the revision that the field is now clear (ecology), and the language has been made much more field-specific (“conservation methods,” “green organizations”), so the reader is able to see concretely the ideas the student is communicating. Nursing Essays Thesis Statements

Leaving Room for Discussion

This thesis statement is not capable of development or advancement in the paper:

Needs Improvement: There are always alternatives to illegal drug use.

This sample thesis statement makes a claim, but it is not a claim that will sustain extended discussion. This claim is the type of claim that might be appropriate for the conclusion of a paper, but in the beginning of the paper, the student is left with nowhere to go. What further points can be made? If there are “always alternatives” to the problem the student is identifying, then why bother developing a paper around that claim? Ideally, a thesis statement should be complex enough to explore over the length of the entire paper.

Better: The most effective treatment plan for methamphetamine addiction may be a combination of pharmacological and cognitive therapy, as argued by Baker (2008), Smith (2009), and Xavier (2011).

In the revised thesis, you can see the student make a specific, debatable claim that has the potential to generate several pages’ worth of discussion. When drafting a thesis statement, think about the questions your thesis statement will generate: What follow-up inquiries might a reader have? In the first example, there are almost no additional questions implied, but the revised example allows for a good deal more exploration.

Extra Tips
Thesis Mad Libs

If you are having trouble getting started, try using the models below to generate a rough model of a thesis statement! These models are intended for drafting purposes only and should not appear in your final work.

In this essay, I argue ____, using ______ to assert _____.
While scholars have often argued ______, I argue______, because_______.
Through an analysis of ______, I argue ______, which is important because_______.
Words to Avoid and to Embrace

When drafting your thesis statement, avoid words like explore, investigate, learn, compile, summarize, and explain to describe the main purpose of your paper. These words imply a paper that summarizes or “reports,” rather than synthesizing and analyzing.

Instead of the terms above, try words like argue, critique, question, and interrogate. These more analytical words may help you begin strongly, by articulating a specific, critical, scholarly position.

Read Kayla’s blog post for tips on taking a stand in a well-crafted thesis statement. Nursing Essays Thesis Statements

NURS 432 Becoming Influential Nursing Shortage Essay

NURS 432 Becoming Influential Nursing Shortage Essay

Assignment 2: Becoming Influential (20%)
Due at the end of Unit 8

Introduction

As a nurse you have a role in increasing the public visibility and credibility of your profession. You are developing the skills and knowledge to influence public opinion and actions related to issues of the health and well-being of society. All nurses have some responsibility to be �leaders� and to influence the thinking and action of others on matters of health in a positive way.

The goal of this assignment is to give you an opportunity to practice some of the key skills of effective nursing leaders such as communication, advocacy, and negotiation. In other words the goal of this assignment is to give you practice at becoming influential.

Directions

  1. Before you begin, review Chapter 12 (Telling Nursing�s Story) in Becoming Influential (Sullivan, 2013).
  2. Decide on your message. Chose an issue, quality, concern, or characteristic related to the profession of nursing about which you would like the public to know more. You might get inspiration from your experiences in the program or from reading you have done.
  3. Determine how you could best share your message with the public and which sector of the public would be most appropriate to share your message with. Who is the most appropriate target for your message? For example, is your message about a particular concern related to health care that you could share with your MP or a national lobby group in order to influence legislation or public policy? Is your message related to a local health issue that might be most appropriately shared through a Letter to the Editor of your local newspaper?
  4. Based on your thinking from point 3 write your message in an appropriate form to the agency or person you have selected.
  5. Summarize your process in a 3-4page double-spaced paper, excluding the title and reference pages, that includes the following headings:

Deciding on My Message

How did you select the issue, quality, concern or characteristic about the profession of nursing that you wanted the public to know more about? What is the theme of your message? Why do you think this message is important? What do you hope to accomplish by sharing your message?  NURS 432 Becoming Influential Nursing Shortage Essay

Deciding on How to Share My Message

How would you share your message to have the most influence? Describe how you would choose an appropriate target for your message. What person, agency, or institution would you select and why? What considerations would influence the format, timing, and follow-up of your submission? What obstacles might you face and how would you overcome these? What negation and advocacy skills would you need to get your message out?

My Message

Append your message in the format you have chosen. NOTE: please do not actually send your message at this point.

What I Learned From This Assignment � Discuss what you learned from this assignment. Why do you think that nursing is seldom mentioned in media discussions related to health care? How do you think you can become more influential in this regard? What will you do to increase the visibility and credibility of your profession in the future?

Assignment 2 Marking Guide — Becoming Influential (20%) Due at the end of Unit 8

Name �

Score ___/20 = ___%

Content

Maximum Value 15%

  • The three areas of discussion are included: a description of how you selected your message; a discussion of how you determined the content for your message and the target audience for your message; and a discussion of what you learned from the assignment.
  • The discussion of these topics is reflective and includes appropriate references to course materials.
  • The assignment includes insights into how you can become more influential.
  • The submission is focused on the topic, effectively written, and appropriate for the target person/audience selected.

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Comments:

Format/Presentation

Maximum Value 5%

  • Paper is informative and succinct (within page limit).
  • Paper is written in a well-organized way.
  • It is written in scholarly format with title page, sentences, paragraphs, headings etc.
  • APA format (6th ed) is used. NURS 432 Becoming Influential Nursing Shortage Essay
  • Presentation is free of errors in spelling, punctuation, grammar, sentence structure etc.

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