nurs521 Week 8 Nine Tenets Essay

Reviewing Appendix B in Butts, choose two of the Nine Tenets of the Code of Ethics for Nurses and describe how you will personally apply each tenet in the practice setting with your patients. Describe in detail the purpose of the tenet and provide examples of the tenet applied in practice. Explain why it is important to uphold the tenet in maximizing the quality of patient care, and identify how it enhances your own practice as a nurse.

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Your nurs521 Week 8 Nine Tenets Essay  paper should be 1-2 pages.

Include a title page and a reference page to cite your text. Adhere to APA formatting throughout, and cite any outside sources you may use.

Review the rubric for further information on how your assignment will be graded.

nurs521 Week 8 Nine Tenets Essay

NR503 Collaborative Healthcare Essay Papers

Key Concepts Worksheet

Key Concepts Worksheet

Guidelines& Grading Rubric

Purpose

The purpose of this assignment is to identify key concepts in epidemiology that will assist the student in understanding the purpose of epidemiology as it relates to clinical practice, surveillance and prevention of disease, and healthcare research.You will work on building a foundation of definitions and an understanding of how they apply to monitoring disease in populations. NR503 Collaborative Healthcare Essay Papers

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Course Outcomes

Through this NR503 Collaborative Healthcare Essay Papers assignment, the student will demonstrate the ability to:

(CO#1) Define key terms in epidemiology, community health, and population-based research.

Due Date: Sunday 11:59 p.m. (MT) at the end of Week 1

Total Points Possible:50

REQUIREMENTS:

1. Complete the Epidemiological Key Concepts Worksheet.

2. For each question identify the correct answer and cite the source used to answer the questions

3. Submit the worksheet to the DropBox by 11:59 p.m. MT Sunday of Week 1

Course Information Worksheet

Prior to completing this worksheet, review the Week 1 lecture and reading assignments (Chapters 1-4 of your course text). Provide a complete answer to each question. Each question is worth 5 points. Please cite the source of each answer below the answer as in the example provided below.

EXAMPLE:

Question: Modes of indirect common vehicle disease transmission include single exposure,multiple exposures, and continuous exposure.

Source:

Gordis, L. (2014). Epidemiology (5thed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Chapter 2, p. 20.

1. Define Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary prevention.

2. True or False: Prevention and treatment of a single specific disease are exclusive activities that do not occur together when providing care to a patient. NR503 Collaborative Healthcare Essay Papers

3. The ________________ Concept is important because in counting incidence and prevalence of disease it is not sufficient to count only clinically apparent cases, but those who are asymptomatic or exposed without infection.

4. Please define the following:

Clinical Disease –

Preclinical Disease –

Subclinical Disease –

Persistent (Chronic) Disease –

Latent Disease –

5. Match the following terms with their definition:

____ Pandemic A. Habitual presence of a disease within a geographic area.

____ Endemic B. Occurrence of a disease in a community/geographic area in

excess of normal expectancy.

____ Common-Vehicle Exposure C. Resistance of a group of people to a disease because a large

portion of the population is immune.

____ Epidemic D. An excessive occurrence of disease present globally.

____ Herd Immunity E. When a group of people are exposed to a substance or organism that causes common illness.

6. What is the one medical advance that is associated with the Black Death in Europe in the late 1300’s?

7. This is a two part question:

A. Define, through a fractional representation, what attack rate is.

B. After a large wedding reception several people develop symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. It appeared to be tied to eating a specific seafood salad sered. Using the following 2 by 2 table, numerically represent the attack rate for wedding attendies who ate the seafood salad

Ate Seafood Salad Did not eat Seafood Salad

Gastroenteritis symptoms 72 15

No gastroenteritis symptoms 24 135

8. Define the following: active surveillance, passive surveillance, incidence rate,and prevalence rate.

9. There are two parts to this question: NR503 Collaborative Healthcare Essay Papers

A. What are two reasons that the prevalence rate of a disease I a community could decrease?

B. What are age-adjusted death rates used for?

10. Name and define at least two measures of mortality as fractional representations.

NR503 Collaborative Healthcare Essay Papers

In this Fall Prevention Project to Decrease the Rate of Inpatient Falls Executive Summary assignment, you will propose a quality improvement initiative from your place of employment that could easily be implemented if approved. Assume you are presenting this program to the board for approval of funding. Write an executive summary (750-1,000 words) to present to the board, from which the board will make its decision to fund your program or project. Include the following:
The purpose of the quality improvement initiative.
The target population or audience. Fall Prevention Project to Decrease the Rate of Inpatient Falls Executive Summary

The benefits of the quality improvement initiative.
The interprofessional collaboration that would be required to implement the quality improvement initiative.
The cost or budget justification.
The basis upon which the quality improvement initiative will be evaluated.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. Fall Prevention Project to Decrease the Rate of Inpatient Falls Executive Summary.

 

Executive Summary

A Fall Prevention Project to Decrease the Rate of Inpatient Falls

Introduction

Falls are a significant public health problem and an obstinate problem within all healthcare settings, and especially acute care settings where the rate of falls causes approximately 30% of falls results to serious injuries (Cuttler et al., 2017). Falls are associated with increased healthcare costs; a prolonged period of hospital stay; and patient harm. Falls among hospitalized patients have serious consequences such as fractures, head injuries, lacerations, and even death. Evidence shows that approximately 85% of adverse events among inpatients are attributed to falls (Cuttler et al., 2017) Fall Prevention Project to Decrease the Rate of Inpatient Falls Executive Summary. Falls in hospital settings are preventable and thus this summary proposes a fall prevention project.

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The Purpose of the Quality Improvement

The proposed project aims to support the implementation of a fall prevention project in the organization. The second aim of the project is to increase awareness and knowledge about fall prevention in the healthcare organization. The proposed fall prevention program entails a fall care bundle and education that will include:

• Performing fall-risk assessment for all patient during admission
• Patient-centered active hourly rounding
• Avoiding new night sedation
• Ensure availability of suitable footwear for all inpatients
• Re-educating the nursing staff on fall-risk assessment and hourly rounding to make them knowledgeable specialists and confident in their ward team (Dellinger., 2017) Fall Prevention Project to Decrease the Rate of Inpatient Falls Executive Summary.

.

The Target Population

The proposed project targets older adult inpatients aged 65 years and above. Evidence indicates that falls are a top cause of death and injury among older adults and a major public health issue. About a third of individuals aged 65 years and over sustains fall annually, and the figure increases to more than 50 percent in people aged 80 years and over (Frieson et al., 2018). This shows that the incidence of falls is higher among older adults than their younger counterparts. Additionally, evidence strongly shows older adults sustaining falls are at a higher risk of morbidity and mortality, in comparison to the younger patients. This supports the rationale of the fall prevention project targeting older adults within the organization.

The Benefits of the Project

It is projected that the fall prevention program will be effective in reducing the rate of falls among hospitalized older adults. The program will also prevent harm and other complications allied to falls such as fractures, as well as other adverse effects such as reduced quality of life, disability, and even death. Lastly, the proposed project will significantly lower healthcare costs by reducing costs associated with treating and managing falls and decrease the length of hospital stay (Rau et al., 2014) Fall Prevention Project to Decrease the Rate of Inpatient Falls Executive Summary.

The Cost/Budget Justification

The economic healthcare costs the organization sustains during the treatment and management of falls are very significant. Falls among older adults enforce a major economic burden on the healthcare system. A study performed in a hospital in Florida indicated that the hospital saved $116,880.46 monthly after a fall prevention program was implemented. It is expected that the total cost of implementing the proposed fall prevention program will be $20, 000 and therefore the proposed project has the potential in saving significant healthcare costs for the organization (Haddad et al., 2019). This indicates that the costs involved in preventing falls are comparatively lower to the costs involved in the treatment of falls and the ensuing complications. This thus clearly shows that costs associated with the implementation of the proposed fall prevention project are much lower in comparison to the costs used in treating falls. This justifies the implementation of this project.

Project Evaluation

The proposed quality improvement project aims to improve patient safety and quality of care. An interprofessional disciplinary team made up of various professionals like nurses, physicians, orthopedics, as well as the quality improvement team will be responsible for the implementation of the fall prevention program in the geriatric ward and monitoring the progress of the program (Roberts et al, 2016).

To evaluate the progress and the efficacy of the project, data regarding the fall rate in the geriatric wards will be collected pre-project period (baseline data) and post-project period. This means that to inform the effectiveness and efficacy of the project; an assessment regarding the rate of falls will be performed before the project is implemented and after the project is implemented. The data will then be used to compare the fall rate before and after project implementation Fall Prevention Project to Decrease the Rate of Inpatient Falls Executive Summary. A reduced fall rate after the implementation of the project will demonstrate the efficacy of the fall prevention project in reducing falls in the target population. The impact of the fall prevention program and interventions such as fall-risk assessment and active hourly rounding will be re-assessed annually (Soban et al, 2017).

Summary

Falls are associated with increased healthcare costs; a prolonged period of hospital stay; and patient harm such as fractures, disability, and even death. The proposed project includes interventions such as fall-risk assessment for all older adults during admission; hourly rounding, educating nurses, among other interventions. The project targets the geriatric population admitted to the hospital. The planned project will significantly lower the fall rate and prevent the consequent adverse effects. Moreover, healthcare costs involved in the treatment of adverse effects resulting from falls will significantly reduce. The efficacy of the fall prevention project will be assessed by comparing the fall rate pre-project period and post-project period.

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References

Cuttler, S. J., Barr-Walker, J., & Cuttler, L. (2017). Reducing medical-surgical inpatient falls and injuries with videos, icons, and alarms. BMJ open quality, 6(2), e000119. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2017-000119.

Dellinger A. (2017). Older Adult Falls: Effective Approaches to Prevention. Current trauma reports, 3(2), 118–123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40719-017-0087-x

Frieson, C. W., Tan, M. P., Ory, M. G., & Smith, M. L. (2018). Editorial: Evidence-Based Practices to Reduce Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Older Adults. Frontiers in public health, 6, 222. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00222.

Haddad, Y. K., Bergen, G., & Florence, C. S. (2019). Estimating the Economic Burden Related to Older Adult Falls by State. Journal of public health management and practice: JPHMP, 25(2), E17–E24. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000000816.

Rau, C. S., Lin, T. S., Wu, S. C., Yang, J. C., Hsu, S. Y., Cho, T. Y., & Hsieh, C. H. (2014). Geriatric hospitalizations in fall-related injuries. Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine, 22, 63. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-014-0063-1. Fall Prevention Project to Decrease the Rate of Inpatient Falls Executive Summary

Roberts S, McInnes E, Wallis M, Tracey B, Banks M & Wendy C, 2016, Nurses’ perceptions of a pressure ulcer prevention care bundle: a qualitative descriptive study, BMC Nursing, 15(64).

Soban L, Kim L, Yuan A & Miltner R, 2017, Organizational Strategies to Implement Hospital Pressure Ulcer Prevention Programs: Findings from a National Survey, J Nurs Manag, 25(6), 457–467. Fall Prevention Project to Decrease the Rate of Inpatient Falls Executive Summary

NURS 6050: Policy And Advocacy For Improving Population Health Discussion

Module 1: Agenda Setting (Weeks 1-2)

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Meet the Experts: Pioneers in Policy [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). The Policy Process [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

• Compare U.S. presidential agenda priorities
• Evaluate ways that administrative agencies help address healthcare issues
• Analyze how healthcare issues get on administrative agendas
• Identify champions or sponsors of healthcare issues
• Create fact sheets for communicating with policymakers or legislators
• Justify the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues

Due By	Assignment
Week 1, Days 1–2	Read/Watch/Listen to the Learning Resources. Compose your initial Discussion post.
Week 1, Day 3	Post your initial discussion post.
Week 1, Days 4-5	Review peer Discussion posts. Compose your peer Discussion responses. Begin to compose your Assignment.
Week 1, Day 6	Post at least two peer Discussion responses on two different days (and not the same day as the initial post). Continue to compose your final draft of your Assignment.
Week 1, Day 7	Wrap up Discussion. NURS 6050: Policy And Advocacy For Improving Population Health Discussion
Week 2, Day 1–6	Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 2, Day 7	Deadline to submit your Assignment.

Photo Credit: [Anuska Sampedro]/[Moment]/Getty Images

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Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

• Chapter 1, “Informing Public Policy: An Important Role for Registered Nurses” (pp. 11–13 only)
• Chapter 2, “Agenda Setting: What Rises to a Policymaker’s Attention?” (pp. 17–36)
• Chapter 10, “Overview: The Economics and Finance of Health Care” (pp. 171–180)
• Chapter 12, “An Insider’s Guide to Engaging in Policy Activities”
  • “Creating a Fact Sheet” (pp. 217-221)

DeMarco, R., & Tufts, K. A. (2014). The mechanics of writing a policy brief. Nursing Outlook, 62(3), 219–224. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2014.04.002

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Kingdon, J. W. (2001). A model of agenda-setting, with applications. Law Review, M.S.U.-D.C.L., 2(331).

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Lamb, G., Newhouse, R., Beverly, C., Toney, D. A., Cropley, S., Weaver, C. A., Kurtzman, E., … Peterson, C. (2015). Policy agenda for nurse-led care coordination. Nursing Outlook, 63(4), 521–530. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2015.06.003

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

O’Rourke, N. C., Crawford, S. L., Morris, N. S., & Pulcini, J. (2017). Political efficacy and participation of nurse practitioners. Policy, Politics, and Nursing Practice, 18(3), 135–148. doi:10.1177/1527154417728514

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Enhancing Environmental Health Content in Nursing Practice, Pope, A. M., Snyder, M. A., & Mood, L. H. (Eds.). (n.d.). Nursing health, & environment: Strengthening the relationship to improve the public’s health. Retrieved September 20, 2018. NURS 6050: Policy And Advocacy For Improving Population Health Discussion

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

USA.gov. (n.d.). A-Z index of U.S. government departments and agencies. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.usa.gov/federal-agencies/a

USA.gov. (n.d.). Executive departments. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.usa.gov/executive-departments

The White House. (n.d.). The cabinet. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-trump-administration/the-cabinet/

Document: Agenda Comparison Grid Template (Word document)

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Setting the Agenda [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

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Discussion: Presidential Agendas

Regardless of political affiliation, every citizen has a stake in healthcare policy decisions. Hence, it is little wonder why healthcare items become such high-profile components of presidential agendas. It is also little wonder why they become such hotly debated agenda items.

Consider a topic that rises to the presidential level. How did each of the presidents (Trump, Obama, and Bush) handle the problem? What would you do differently?

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and reflect on the importance of agenda setting.
• Consider how federal agendas promote healthcare issues and how these healthcare issues become agenda priorities.

By Day 3 of Week 1

Post your response to the discussion question: Consider a topic that rises to the presidential level. How did each of the presidents (Trump, Obama, and Bush) handle the problem? What would you do differently?

By Day 6 of Week 1

Respond to at least two of your colleagues* on two different days by expanding on their response and providing an example that supports their explanation or respectfully challenging their explanation and providing an example.

*Note: Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues.

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 1 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 1

To participate in this Discussion:

Week 1 Discussion

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Assignment: Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief

It may seem to you that healthcare has been a national topic of debate among political leaders for as long as you can remember.

Healthcare has been a policy item and a topic of debate not only in recent times but as far back as the administration of the second U.S. president, John Adams. In 1798, Adams signed legislation requiring that 20 cents per month of a sailor’s paycheck be set aside for covering their medical bills. This represented the first major piece of U.S. healthcare legislation, and the topic of healthcare has been woven into presidential agendas and political debate ever since.

As a healthcare professional, you may be called upon to provide expertise, guidance and/or opinions on healthcare matters as they are debated for inclusion into new policy. You may also be involved in planning new organizational policy and responses to changes in legislation. For all of these reasons you should be prepared to speak to national healthcare issues making the news. NURS 6050: Policy And Advocacy For Improving Population Health Discussion .

In this Assignment, you will analyze recent presidential healthcare agendas. You also will prepare a fact sheet to communicate the importance of a healthcare issue and the impact on this issue of recent or proposed policy.

To Prepare:

• Review the agenda priorities of the current/sitting U.S. president and the two previous presidential administrations.
• Select an issue related to healthcare that was addressed by each of the last three U.S. presidential administrations.
• Reflect on the focus of their respective agendas, including the allocation of financial resources for addressing the healthcare issue you selected.
• Consider how you would communicate the importance of a healthcare issue to a legislator/policymaker or a member of their staff for inclusion on an agenda.

The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Comparison Grid, 1-Page Analysis, and 1-page Fact Sheet)

Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid

Use the Agenda Comparison Grid Template found in the Learning Resources and complete the Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid based on the current/sitting U.S. president and the two previous presidential administrations and their agendas related to the public health concern you selected. Be sure to address the following:

• Identify and provide a brief description of the population health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it.
• Describe the administrative agenda focus related to the issue you selected.
• Identify the allocations of financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents dedicated to this issue.
• Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue.

Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis

Using the information you recorded in Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid on the template, complete the Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis portion of the template, by addressing the following:

• Which administrative agency would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected?
• How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the agenda for the current and two previous presidents? How does it stay there?
• Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected for the current and two previous presidents?

Part 3: Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief

Using the information recorded on the template in Parts 1 and 2, develop a 1-page Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief that you could use to communicate with a policymaker/legislator or a member of their staff for this healthcare issue. You can use Microsoft Word or PowerPoint to create your Fact Sheet or Talking Point Brief. Be sure to address the following:

• Summarize why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation.
• Justify the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues.

By Day 7 of Week 2

Submit your final version of Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid, Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis, and Part 3: Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

• Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK2Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
• Click the Week 2 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
• Click the Week 2 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
• Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK2Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
• If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database. NURS 6050: Policy And Advocacy For Improving Population Health Discussion .
• Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.
• Due to the nature of this assignment, your instructor may require more than 5 days to provide you with quality feedback.

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 2 Assignment Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

Submit your Week 2 Assignment draft and review the originality report.

Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 2

To submit your Assignment:

Week 2 Assignment

Next Module

To go to the next Module:

Module 2

 

Module 2: Legislation

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Legislation [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

• Analyze how cost-benefit analysis affects legislative efforts
• Analyze legislative intent of bills
• Identify proponents and opponents of bills
• Analyze legislative process of bills
• Advocate policy position for bills
• Recommend amendments to bills in support of policy positions

Due By	Assignment
Week 3, Days 1-2	Read/Watch/Listen to the Learning Resources. Compose your initial Discussion post.
Week 3, Day 3	Post your initial Discussion post. Begin to compose your Assignment.
Week 3, Days 4-5	Review peer Discussion posts. Compose your peer Discussion responses. Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 3, Day 6	Post at least two peer Discussion responses on two different days (and not the same day as the initial post).
Week 3, Day 7	Wrap up Discussion.
Week 4, Days 1-6	Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 4, Day 7	Deadline to submit your Assignment.

Photo Credit: [YinYang]/[E+]/Gertty Images

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Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

• Chapter 3, “Government Response: Legislation” (pp. 37–56)
• Chapter 10, “Overview: The Economics and Finance of Health Care” (pp. 180–183 only)

Congress.gov. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.congress.gov/

Taylor, D., Olshansky, E., Fugate-Woods, N., Johnson-Mallard, V., Safriet, B. J., & Hagan, T. (2017). Corrigendum to position statement: Political interference in sexual and reproductive health research and health professional education. Nursing Outlook, 65(2), 346–350. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2017.05.003

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

United States House of Representatives. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.house.gov/ NURS 6050: Policy And Advocacy For Improving Population Health Discussion

United States Senate. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.senate.gov/

United States Senate. (n.d.). Senate organization chart for the 115th Congress. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.senate.gov/reference/org_chart.htm

Document: Legislation Comparison Grid Template (Word document)

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Working with Legislators [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Introduction to Health Policy and Law with Joel Teitelbaum [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Contemporary Issues in Public Health Policy with Joel Teitelbaum [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Peter Beilenson: Population Health [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

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Discussion: Politics and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Regardless of political affiliation, individuals often grow concerned when considering perceived competing interests of government and their impact on topics of interest to them. The realm of healthcare is no different. Some people feel that local, state, and federal policies and legislation can be either helped or hindered by interests other than the benefit to society.

Consider for example that the number one job of a legislator is to be reelected. Cost can be measured in votes as well as dollars. Thus, it is important to consider the legislator’s perspective on either promoting or not promoting a certain initiative in the political landscape.

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and reflect on efforts to repeal/replace the Affordable Care Act (ACA).
• Consider who benefits the most when policy is developed and in the context of policy implementation.

By Day 3 of Week 3

Post an explanation for how you think the cost-benefit analysis in terms of legislators being reelected affected efforts to repeal/replace the ACA. Then, explain how analyses of the voters views may affect decisions by legislative leaders in recommending or positioning national policies (e.g., Congress’ decisions impacting Medicare or Medicaid). Remember, the number one job of a legislator is to be re-elected. Please check your discussion grading rubric to ensure your responses meet the criteria.

By Day 6 of Week 3

Respond to at least two of your colleagues* on two different days by expanding on their explanation and providing an example that supports their explanation or respectfully challenging their explanation and providing an example. NURS 6050: Policy And Advocacy For Improving Population Health Discussion .

*Note: Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues.

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 3 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 3

To participate in this Discussion:

Week 3 Discussion

Assignment: Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement

As a nurse, how often have you thought to yourself, If I had anything to do about it, things would work a little differently? Increasingly, nurses are beginning to realize that they do, in fact, have a role and a voice.

Many nurses encounter daily experiences that motivate them to take on an advocacy role in hopes of impacting policies, laws, or regulations that impact healthcare issues of interest. Of course, doing so means entering the less familiar world of policy and politics. While many nurses do not initially feel prepared to operate in this space effectively, the reward is the opportunity to shape and influence future health policy.

To Prepare:

• Select a bill that has been proposed (not one that has been enacted) using the congressional websites provided in the Learning Resources.

The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Comparison Grid; 1- to 2-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement)

Part 1: Legislation Comparison Grid

Based on the health-related bill (proposed, not enacted) you selected, complete the Legislation Comparison Grid Template. Be sure to address the following:

• Determine the legislative intent of the bill you have reviewed.
• Identify the proponents/opponents of the bill.
• Identify the target populations addressed by the bill.
• Where in the process is the bill currently? Is it in hearings or committees?
• Is it receiving press coverage?

Part 2: Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement

Based on the health-related bill you selected, develop a 1- to 2-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement that addresses the following:

• Advocate a position for the bill you selected and write testimony in support of your position.
• Describe how you would address the opponent to your position. Be specific and provide examples.
• Recommend at least one amendment to the bill in support of your position. NURS 6050: Policy And Advocacy For Improving Population Health Discussion .

By Day 7 of Week 4

Submit your completed legislation comparison grid and testimony/advocacy statement.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

• Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK4Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
• Click the Week 4 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
• Click the Week 4 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
• Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK4Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
• If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
• Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 4 Assignment Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

Submit your Week 4 Assignment draft and review the originality report.

Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 4

To submit your Assignment:

Week 4 Assignment

Next Module

To go to the next Module:

Module 3

Module 3: Regulation (Weeks 5-6)

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Regulation [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

• Compare state/regional board of nursing regulations
• Compare boards of nursing and professional nurse associations
• Analyze members of boards of nursing
• Analyze federal and state regulations for healthcare

Due By	Assignment
Week 5, Days 1–2	Read/Watch/Listen to the Learning Resources. Compose your initial Discussion post.
Week 5, Day 3	Post your initial Discussion post. Begin to compose your Assignment.
Week 5, Days 4-5	Review peer Discussion posts. Compose your peer Discussion responses. Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 5, Day 6	Post at least two peer Discussion responses on two different days (and not the same day as the initial post).
Week 5, Day 7	Wrap up Discussion.
Week 6, Days 1-6	Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 6, Day 7	Deadline to submit your Assignment.

Photo Credit: [eurobnaks]/IStock/Getty Images Plus

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Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

• Chapter 4, “Government Response: Regulation” (pp. 57–84)

American Nurses Association. (n.d.). ANA enterprise. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from http://www.nursingworld.org

Bosse, J., Simmonds, K., Hanson, C., Pulcini, J., Dunphy, L., Vanhook, P., & Poghosyan, L. (2017). Position statement: Full practice authority for advanced practice registered nurses is necessary to transform primary care. Nursing Outlook, 65(6), 761–765. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2017.10.002

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Halm, M. A. (2018). Evaluating the impact of EBP education: Development of a modified Fresno test for acute care nursing. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 15(4), 272–280. doi:10.1111/wvn.12291

National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN). (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.ncsbn.org/index.htm

Neff, D. F., Yoon, S. H., Steiner, R. L., Bumbach, M. D., Everhart, D., & Harman J. S. (2018). The impact of nurse practitioner regulations on population access to care. Nursing Outlook, 66(4), 379–385. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2018.03.001

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Peterson, C., Adams, S. A., & DeMuro, P. R. (2015). mHealth: Don’t forget all the stakeholders in the business case. Medicine 2.0, 4(2), e4. doi:10.2196/med20.4349

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). The Regulatory Process [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

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Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Healthcare economics and financing [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

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Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Quality improvement and safety [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

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Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations

Boards of Nursing (BONs) exist in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands. Similar entities may also exist for different regions. The mission of BONs is the protection of the public through the regulation of nursing practice. BONs put into practice state/region regulations for nurses that, among other things, lay out the requirements for licensure and define the scope of nursing practice in that state/region.

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It can be a valuable exercise to compare regulations among various state/regional boards of nursing. Doing so can help share insights that could be useful should there be future changes in a state/region. In addition, nurses may find the need to be licensed in multiple states or regions.

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and reflect on the mission of state/regional boards of nursing as the protection of the public through the regulation of nursing practice.
• Consider how key regulations may impact nursing practice.
• Review key regulations for nursing practice of your state’s/region’s board of nursing and those of at least one other state/region and select at least two APRN regulations to focus on for this Discussion..

By Day 3 of Week 5

Post a comparison of at least two APRN board of nursing regulations in your state/region with those of at least one other state/region. Describe how they may differ. Be specific and provide examples. Then, explain how the regulations you selected may apply to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) who have legal authority to practice within the full scope of their education and experience. Provide at least one example of how APRNs may adhere to the two regulations you selected.

By Day 6 of Week 5

Respond to at least two of your colleagues* on two different days and explain how the regulatory environment and the regulations selected by your colleague differ from your state/region. Be specific and provide examples.

*Note: Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues.

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 5 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 5

To participate in this Discussion:

Week 5 Discussion

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Assignment: Regulation for Nursing Practice Staff Development Meeting

Nursing is a very highly regulated profession. There are over 100 boards of nursing and national nursing associations throughout the United States and its territories. Their existence helps regulate, inform, and promote the nursing profession. With such numbers, it can be difficult to distinguish between BONs and nursing associations, and overwhelming to consider various benefits and options offered by each. NURS 6050: Policy And Advocacy For Improving Population Health Discussion

Both boards of nursing and national nursing associations have significant impacts on the nurse practitioner profession and scope of practice. Understanding these differences helps lend credence to your expertise as a professional. In this Assignment, you will practice the application of such expertise by communicating a comparison of boards of nursing and professional nurse associations. You will also share an analysis of your state board of nursing.

To Prepare:

• Assume that you are leading a staff development meeting on regulation for nursing practice at your healthcare organization or agency.
• Review the NCSBN and ANA websites to prepare for your presentation.

The Assignment: (9- to 10-slide PowerPoint presentation)

Develop a 9- to 10-slide PowerPoint Presentation that addresses the following:

• Describe the differences between a board of nursing and a professional nurse association.
• Describe the geographic distribution, academic credentials, practice positions, and licensure status of members of the board for your specific region/area.
  • Who is on the board?
  • How does one become a member of the board?
• Describe at least one federal regulation for healthcare.
  • How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare (e.g., CMS, OSHA, and EPA)?
  • Has there been any change to the regulation within the past 5 years? Explain.
• Describe at least one state regulation related to general nurse scope of practice.
  • How does this regulation influence the nurse’s role?
  • How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare?
• Describe at least one state regulation related to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs).
  • How does this regulation influence the nurse’s role?
  • How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare?
• Include Speaker Notes on Each Slide (except on the title page and reference page)

By Day 7 of Week 6

Submit your Regulation for Nursing Practice Staff Development Meeting Presentation.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

• Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK6Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
• Click the Week 6 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
• Click the Week 6 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
• Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK6Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
• If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
• Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.
• Due to the nature of this assignment, your instructor may require more than 5 days to provide you with quality feedback.

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 6 Assignment Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

Submit your Week 6 Assignment draft and review the originality report.

Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 6

To submit your Assignment:

Week 6 Assignment

Next Module

To go to the next Module:

Module 4

 

Module 4: Healthcare Program Design and Implementation (Weeks 7-8)

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Design and Implementation [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

• Analyze health policies
• Analyze opportunities for RNs and APRNs to participate in policy-making
• Analyze strategies for overcoming challenges for participating in policy-making
• Recommend strategies to improve the advocacy and communication of policy-making opportunities
• Analyze healthcare programs
• Analyze the role of the nurse in healthcare program design
• Analyze the role of the nurse as advocates for target populations of healthcare programs
• Analyze the role of the nurse in healthcare program implementation
• Analyze healthcare teams necessary for implementing healthcare programs

Due By	Assignment
Week 7, Days 1–2	Read/Watch/Listen to the Learning Resources. Compose your initial Discussion 1 post.
Week 7, Day 3	Post your initial Discussion 1 post. Begin to compose your Assignment.
Week 7, Days 4-5	Review peer Discussion 1 posts. Compose your peer Discussion 1 responses. Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 7, Day 6	Post at least two peer Discussion 1 responses on two different days (and not the same day as the initial post).
Week 7, Day 7	Wrap up Discussion 1.
Week 8, Days 1–2	Compose your initial Discussion 2 post. Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 8, Day 3	Post your initial Discussion 2 post. Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 8, Days 4-5	Review peer Discussion 2 post.Compose your peer Discussion 2 post. Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 8, Day 6	Post at least two peer Discussion 2 responses on two different days (and not the same day as the initial post).
Week 8, Day 7	Wrap up Discussion 2. Deadline to submit your Assignment.

Photo Credit: [Hill Street Studios]/[Blend Images]/Getty Images

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Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

• Chapter 5, “Public Policy Design” (pp. 87–95 only)
• Chapter 8, “The Impact of EHRs, Big Data, and Evidence-Informed Practice” (pp. 137–146)
• Chapter 9, “Interprofessional Practice” (pp. 152–160 only)
• Chapter 10, “Overview: The Economics and Finance of Health Care” (pp. 183–191 only)

American Nurses Association (ANA). (n.d.). Advocacy. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/advocacy/

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Step by step: Evaluating violence and injury prevention policies: Brief 4: Evaluating policy implementation. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/injury/pdfs/policy/Brief%204-a.pdf

Congress.gov. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.congress.gov/

Klein, K. J., & Sorra, J. S. (1996). The challenge of innovation implementation. Academy of Management Review, 21(4), 1055–1080. doi:10.5465/AMR.1996.9704071863

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. NURS 6050: Policy And Advocacy For Improving Population Health Discussion

Sacristán, J., & Dilla, T. D. (2015). No big data without small data: Learning health care systems begin and end with the individual patient. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 21(6), 1014–1017. doi:10.1111/jep.12350

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Tummers, L., & Bekkers, V. (2014). Policy implementation, street level bureaucracy, and the importance of discretion. Public Management Review, 16(4), 527–547. doi:10.1080/14719037.2013.841978.

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Getting your Program Designed and Implemented [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

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Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Health policy and politics [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

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Discussion 1: Evidence Base in Design

When politics and medical science intersect, there can be much debate. Sometimes anecdotes or hearsay are misused as evidence to support a particular point. Despite these and other challenges, however, evidence-based approaches are increasingly used to inform health policy decision-making regarding causes of disease, intervention strategies, and issues impacting society. One example is the introduction of childhood vaccinations and the use of evidence-based arguments surrounding their safety.

In this Discussion, you will identify a recently proposed health policy and share your analysis of the evidence in support of this policy.

To Prepare:

• Review the Congress website provided in the Resources and identify one recent (within the past 5 years) proposed health policy.
• Review the health policy you identified and reflect on the background and development of this health policy.

By Day 3 of Week 7

Post a description of the health policy you selected and a brief background for the problem or issue being addressed. Explain whether you believe there is an evidence base to support the proposed policy and explain why. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 6 of Week 7

Respond to at least two of your colleagues* on two different days by either supporting or respectfully challenging their explanation on whether there is an evidence base to support the proposed health policy they described.

*Note: Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues.

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 7 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 7

To participate in this Discussion:

Week 7 Discussion

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Discussion 2: The Role of the RN/APRN in Policy-Making

Word cloud generators have become popular tools for meetings and team-building events. Groups or teams are asked to use these applications to input words they feel best describe their team or their role. A “word cloud” is generated by the application that makes prominent the most-used terms, offering an image of the common thinking among participants of that role.

What types of words would you use to build a nursing word cloud? Empathetic, organized, hard-working, or advocate would all certainly apply. Would you add policy-maker to your list? Do you think it would be a very prominent component of the word cloud?

Nursing has become one of the largest professions in the world, and as such, nurses have the potential to influence policy and politics on a global scale. When nurses influence the politics that improve the delivery of healthcare, they are ultimately advocating for their patients. Hence, policy-making has become an increasingly popular term among nurses as they recognize a moral and professional obligation to be engaged in healthcare legislation.

To Prepare:

• Revisit the Congress.gov website provided in the Resources and consider the role of RNs and APRNs in policy-making.
• Reflect on potential opportunities that may exist for RNs and APRNs to participate in the policy-making process.

By Day 3 of Week 8

Post an explanation of at least two opportunities that exist for RNs and APRNs to actively participate in policy-making. Explain some of the challenges that these opportunities may present and describe how you might overcome these challenges. Finally, recommend two strategies you might make to better advocate for or communicate the existence of these opportunities to participate in policy-making. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 6 of Week 8

Respond to at least two of your colleagues’* posts by suggesting additional opportunities or recommendations for overcoming the challenges described by your colleagues.

*Note: Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues.

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 8 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 8

To participate in this Discussion:

Week 8 Discussion

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Assignment: Advocating for the Nursing Role in Program Design and Implementation

As their names imply, the honeyguide bird and the honey badger both share an affinity for honey. Honeyguide birds specialize in finding beehives but struggle to access the honey within. Honey badgers are well-equipped to raid beehives but cannot always find them. However, these two honey-loving species have learned to collaborate on an effective means to meet their objectives. The honeyguide bird guides honey badgers to newly discovered hives. Once the honey badger has ransacked the hive, the honey guide bird safely enters to enjoy the leftover honey.

Much like honeyguide birds and honey badgers, nurses and health professionals from other specialty areas can—and should—collaborate to design effective programs. Nurses bring specialties to the table that make them natural partners to professionals with different specialties. When nurses take the requisite leadership in becoming involved throughout the healthcare system, these partnerships can better design and deliver highly effective programs that meet objectives.

In this Assignment, you will practice this type of leadership by advocating for a healthcare program. Equally as important, you will advocate for a collaborative role of the nurse in the design and implementation of this program. To do this, assume you are preparing to be interviewed by a professional organization/publication regarding your thoughts on the role of the nurse in the design and implementation of new healthcare programs.

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and reflect on your thinking regarding the role of the nurse in the design and implementation of new healthcare programs.
• Select a healthcare program within your practice and consider the design and implementation of this program.
• Reflect on advocacy efforts and the role of the nurse in relation to healthcare program design and implementation.

The Assignment: (2–4 pages)

In a 2- to 4-page paper, create an interview transcript of your responses to the following interview questions:

• Tell us about a healthcare program, within your practice. What are the costs and projected outcomes of this program?
• Who is your target population?
• What is the role of the nurse in providing input for the design of this healthcare program? Can you provide examples?
• What is your role as an advocate for your target population for this healthcare program? Do you have input into design decisions? How else do you impact design?
• What is the role of the nurse in healthcare program implementation? How does this role vary between design and implementation of healthcare programs? Can you provide examples?
• Who are the members of a healthcare team that you believe are most needed to implement a program? Can you explain why? NURS 6050: Policy And Advocacy For Improving Population Health Discussion 

By Day 7 of Week 8

Submit your interview transcript.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

• Please save your written transcript using the naming convention “WK8Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
• Click the Week 8 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
• Click the Week 8 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
• Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK8Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
• If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
• Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 8 Assignment Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

Submit your Week 8 Assignment draft and review the originality report.

Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 8

To submit your Assignment:

Week 8 Assignment

Next Module

To go to the next Module:

Module 5

Module 5: Program/Policy Evaluation (Weeks 9-10)

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Program Policy and Evaluation [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

• Analyze opportunities for RNs and APRNs to participate in program/policy evaluations
• Analyze strategies for overcoming challenges for participating in program/policy evaluations
• Recommend strategies to improve the advocacy and communication of program/policy evaluations
• Describe healthcare program/policy outcomes
• Analyze healthcare program/policy evaluations
• Analyze the role of the nurse advocate in program/policy evaluation

Due By	Assignment
Week 9, Days 1–2	Read/Watch/Listen to the Learning Resources. Compose your initial Discussion post.
Week 9, Day 3	Post your initial Discussion post. Begin to compose your Assignment.
Week 9, Days 4-5	Review peer Discussion posts. Compose your peer Discussion responses. Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 9, Day 6	Post at least two peer Discussion responses on two different days (and not the same day as the initial post).
Week 9, Day 7	Wrap up Discussion.
Week 10, Days 1-6	Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 10, Day 7	Deadline to submit your Assignment.

Photo Credit: [Phil Roeder]/[Moment]/Getty Images

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Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

• Chapter 7, “Health Policy and Social Program Evaluation” (pp. 116–124 only)

Glasgow, R. E., Lichtenstein, E., & Marcus, A. C. (2003). Why don’t we see more translation of health promotion research to practice? Rethinking the efficacy-to-effectiveness transition. American Journal of Public Health, 93(8), 1261–1267.

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Shiramizu, B., Shambaugh, V., Petrovich, H., Seto, T. B., Ho, T., Mokuau, N., & Hedges, J. R. (2016). Leading by success: Impact of a clinical and translational research infrastructure program to address health inequities. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 4(5), 983–991. doi:10.1007/s40615-016-0302-4

Williams, J. K., & Anderson, C. M. (2018). Omics research ethics considerations. Nursing Outlook, 66(4), 386–393. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2018.05.003

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Document: Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Template (Word document)

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). The Importance of Program Evaluation [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

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Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Peter Beilenson: Ethics and advocacy [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

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Discussion: The Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation

In the Module 4 Discussion, you considered how professional nurses can become involved in policy-making. A critical component of any policy design is evaluation of the results. How comfortable are you with the thought of becoming involved with such matters?

Some nurses may be hesitant to get involved with policy evaluation. The preference may be to focus on the care and well-being of their patients; some nurses may feel ill-equipped to enter the realm of policy and political activities. However, as you have examined previously, who better to advocate for patients and effective programs and polices than nurses? Already patient advocates in interactions with doctors and leadership, why not with government and regulatory agencies?

In this Discussion, you will reflect on the role of professional nurses in policy evaluation.

To Prepare:

• In the Module 4 Discussion, you considered how professional nurses can become involved in policy-making.
• Review the Resources and reflect on the role of professional nurses in policy evaluation.

By Day 3 of Week 9

Post an explanation of at least two opportunities that currently exist for RNs and APRNs to actively participate in policy review. Explain some of the challenges that these opportunities may present and describe how you might overcome these challenges. Finally, recommend two strategies you might make to better advocate for or communicate the existence of these opportunities. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 6 of Week 9

Respond to at least two of your colleagues* on two different days by suggesting additional opportunities or recommendations for overcoming the challenges described by your colleagues. NURS 6050: Policy And Advocacy For Improving Population Health Discussion

*Note: Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues.

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 9 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 9

To participate in this Discussion:

Week 9 Discussion

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Assignment: Assessing a Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation

Program/policy evaluation is a valuable tool that can help strengthen the quality of programs/policies and improve outcomes for the populations they serve. Program/policy evaluation answers basic questions about program/policy effectiveness. It involves collecting and analyzing information about program/policy activities, characteristics, and outcomes. This information can be used to ultimately improve program services or policy initiatives.

Nurses can play a very important role assessing program/policy evaluation for the same reasons that they can be so important to program/policy design. Nurses bring expertise and patient advocacy that can add significant insight and impact. In this Assignment, you will practice applying this expertise and insight by selecting an existing healthcare program or policy evaluation and reflecting on the criteria used to measure the effectiveness of the program/policy.

To Prepare:

• Review the Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Analysis Template provided in the Resources.
• Select an existing healthcare program or policy evaluation or choose one of interest to you.
• Review community, state, or federal policy evaluation and reflect on the criteria used to measure the effectiveness of the program or policy described.

The Assignment: (2–3 pages)

Based on the program or policy evaluation you selected, complete the Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Analysis Template. Be sure to address the following:

• Describe the healthcare program or policy outcomes.
• How was the success of the program or policy measured?
• How many people were reached by the program or policy selected?
• How much of an impact was realized with the program or policy selected?
• At what point in program implementation was the program or policy evaluation conducted?
• What data was used to conduct the program or policy evaluation?
• What specific information on unintended consequences was identified?
• What stakeholders were identified in the evaluation of the program or policy? Who would benefit most from the results and reporting of the program or policy evaluation? Be specific and provide examples.
• Did the program or policy meet the original intent and objectives? Why or why not?
• Would you recommend implementing this program or policy in your place of work? Why or why not?
• Identify at least two ways that you, as a nurse advocate, could become involved in evaluating a program or policy after 1 year of implementation.

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By Day 7 of Week 10

Submit your completed healthcare program/policy evaluation analysis.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

• Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK10Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
• Click the Week 10 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
• Click the Week 10 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
• Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK10Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
• If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
• Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.
• Due to the nature of this assignment, your instructor may require more than 5 days to provide you with quality feedback.

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 10 Assignment Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

Submit your Week 10 Assignment draft and review the originality report.

Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 10

To submit your Assignment:

Week 10 Assignment

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Module 5: Looking Ahead

Please Note: The Module 6, Week 11 Assignment, Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement, is due on Day 5 of Week 11.

Next Module

To go to the next Module:

Module 6

 

Module 6: Global Healthcare Issues (Week 11)

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Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Global Healthcare Issues [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

• Compare healthcare policies related to global healthcare issues in the U.S. and abroad
• Analyze the impact of the social determinants of health on global healthcare issues
• Analyze how policy impacts the health of the global population
• Analyze how policy impacts the role of the nurse
• Compare how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in the U.S and abroad
• Recommend advocacy for the incorporation of a global perspective into local practice and the role of the nurse leader
• Analyze impacts of the incorporation of a global perspective into local practice and the role of the nurse leader
• Analyze how a global perspective represents and contributes to social change

Due By	Assignment
Week 11, Days 1–2	Read/Watch/Listen to the Learning Resources.
Week 11, Day 3-4	Begin to compose your Assignment.
Week 11, Day 5	Deadline to submit your Assignment.

Photo Credit: [KTSDESIGN/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY]/Science Photo Library]/Getty

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Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

• Chapter 11, “The Impact of Globalization: Nurses Influencing Global Health Policy” (pp. 194–208)

Corless, I. B., Nardi, D., Milstead, J. A., Larson, E., Nokes, K. M., Orsega, S., Kurth, A. E., … Woith, W. (2018). Expanding nursing’s role in responding to global pandemics. Nursing Outlook, 66(4), 412–415. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2018.06.003

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Donkin, A., Goldblatt, P., Allen, J., Nathanson, V., & Marmot, M. (2017). Global action on the social determinants of health. BMJ Global Health, 3(1). doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000603

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Sandoval-Almazana, R., & Gil-Garcia, J. R. (2011). Are government internet portals evolving towards more interaction, participation, and collaboration? Revisiting the rhetoric of e-government among municipalities. Government Information Quarterly, 29(Suppl. 1), S72–S81. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2011.09.004

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

World Health Organization (WHO). (n.d.). Global health agenda. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from http://www.who.int/about/vision/global_health_agenda/en/

Document: Global Health Comparison Matrix (Word document)

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Global Healthcare Issues [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

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Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Final Thoughts [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

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Assignment: Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement

Note: This Assignment is due on Day 5 of Week 11.

If you talk about a possible poor health outcome, do you believe that outcome will occur? Do you believe eye contact and personal contact should be avoided?

You would have a difficult time practicing as a nurse if you believed these to be true. But they are very real beliefs in some cultures.

Differences in cultural beliefs, subcultures, religion, ethnic customs, dietary customs, language, and a host of other factors contribute to the complex environment that surrounds global healthcare issues. Failure to understand and account for these differences can create a gulf between practitioners and the public they serve.

In this Assignment, you will examine a global health issue and consider the approach to this issue by the United States and by one other country.

To Prepare:

• Review the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global health agenda and select one global health issue to focus on for this Assignment.
• Select at least one additional country to compare to the U.S. for this Assignment.
• Reflect on how the global health issue you selected is approached in the U.S. and in the additional country you selected.
• Review and download the Global Health Comparison Matrix provided in the Resources. NURS 6050: Policy And Advocacy For Improving Population Health Discussion

The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Global Health Comparison Matrix; 1-page Plan for Social Change)

Part 1: Global Health Comparison Matrix

Focusing on the country you selected and the U.S., complete the Global Health Comparison Matrix. Be sure to address the following:

• Consider the U.S. national/federal health policies that have been adapted for the global health issue you selected from the WHO global health agenda. Compare these policies to the additional country you selected for study.
• Explain the strengths and weaknesses of each policy.
• Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the global health issue you selected. Be specific and provide examples.
• Using the WHO’s Organization’s global health agenda as well as the results of your own research, analyze how each country’s government addresses cost, quality, and access to the global health issue selected.
• Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the health of the global population. Be specific and provide examples.
• Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the role of the nurse in each country.
• Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. Be specific and provide examples.

Part 2: A Plan for Social Change

Reflect on the global health policy comparison and analysis you conducted in Part 1 of the Assignment and the impact that global health issues may have on the world, the U.S., your community, as well as your practice as a nurse leader.

In a 1-page response, create a plan for social change that incorporates a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.

• Explain how you would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
• Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
• Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice as a nurse leader represents and contributes to social change. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 5 of Week 11

Submit Part 1 and Part 2 of your Assignment.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

• Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK11Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
• Click the Week 11 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
• Click the Week 11 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
• Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK11Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
• If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
• Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 11 Assignment Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

Submit your Week 11 Assignment draft and review the originality report.

Submit Your Assignment by Day 5 of Week 11

To submit your Assignment:

Week 11 Assignment

Congratulations! After you have finished all of the assignments for this Module, you have completed the course. Please submit your Course Evaluation by Day 7. NURS 6050: Policy And Advocacy For Improving Population Health Discussion 

Pressure Ulcer Prevention and treatment in inpatient rehabilitation

Write a 500-750 word about pressure ulcer prevention and treatment in inpatient rehabilitation. Make sure to include the following:

1. The problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need that will be the focus of the project
2. The setting or context in which the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need can be observed.
3. A description providing a high level of detail regarding the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need.
4. Impact of the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need on the work environment, the quality of care provided by staff, and patient outcomes.
5. Significance of the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need and its implications to nursing.
6. A proposed solution to the identified project topic

You are required to retrieve and assess a minimum of 8 peer-reviewed articles. Plan your time accordingly to complete this assignment Pressure Ulcer Prevention and treatment in inpatient rehabilitation.

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Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is not required

The problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need that will be the focus of the project

Pressure ulcers have been identified as one of the leading causes of morbidity in in-patients as well as a contributor to poor health outcomes and consequent high increase in costs of healthcare (Jaul et al., 2018). Pressure ulcers are classified among the leading causes of medical-related errors. However, with appropriate care and interventions, nurses can avoid pressure ulcers and the resultant deteriorating effects on the patient and additional costs to a healthcare facility.

The setting or context in which the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need can be observed.

Nurses working in healthcare facilities located in rural settings face a unique challenge as regards maintaining competency (Buerhaus et al., 2017). This is more so when these nurses face complications that are uncommon such as the treatment and prevention of pressure ulcers. Educational programs for nurses can improve their decision making processes. However, the programs need to be designed carefully and successfully implemented if sustained changes in practices are to be achieved as well as improved patient outcomes are to be realized (Stiggelbout et al., 2015).

A description providing a high level of detail regarding the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need

Persons charged with nurse education in rural areas are required to educate nurses in a way that empowers them to offer care that is competent and knowledgeable including in lower frequency situations of patient care. Nurses in different competency levels have different prioritization of patient care (Meretoja et al., 2015). Beginner nurses have linear thinking while nurses that are more competent are capable of utilizing approaches that are more complex when prioritizing care to patients. Hence, understanding the needs of these categories of nurses helps in addressing complex care issues. The professional self-confidence and personal self-concept of nurses are related directly to the competency level of a nurse (Orta et al., 2016). Self-confidence is a necessary component of competence. Nurses with high levels of self-confidence also exhibit increased engagement and interest in care and management of patients, lifelong learning, as well as in addressing quality standards.

Nurses working in rural settings may be impeded by few resources in the quest to access continuous education necessary for achieving clinical competency (Hendrickx &Winters, 2017). One of the main concerns regarding rural setting nurses is access to educational opportunities. Additionally, when evidence-based information is used in the continuing education programs, it increases the potential for rural setting nurses to attend as well as value the programs (Kalb et al., 2011)

Impact of the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need on the work environment, the quality of care provided by staff, and patient outcomes

Prevention programs for pressure ulcers comprise of diverse components such as skin assessment, use of support surfaces and preventive measures, education and training, and assessment of risk (Mallah, Nassar, & Badr, 2015). Prevention programs for PU including nurse education have shown significant results as pertaining to the reduction in prevalence as well as a reduction in the time it takes to treat PU. When nurses’ knowledge improves, it results in enhanced patient outcomes such as a reduction in human suffering, reduction in pain, and a reduction in the time spent in hospitals (Dillie & Mengistu, 2015).

Significance of the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need and its implications to nursing

Studies have shown that PU treatment and prevention can be enhanced through nurse’s knowledge, intentions, attitudes, and practices towards the healthcare concern, the years of experience, as well as the gender of nurse play a significant role in relation to the intentions, attitudes, practices, and knowledge of nurses on PU treatment and prevention (Dillie & Mengistu, 2015). Thus an education program that targets nurses of all genders and various levels of experience is a powerful tool for improving their understanding. Education programs can assist nurses to improve on the nursing care quality.

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A proposed solution to the identified project topic

Rural nurses would benefit from an education program on PU treatment and prevention. A multi-faceted educational intervention will be designed Pressure Ulcer Prevention and treatment in inpatient rehabilitation. The project will require an instrument to be crafted that will measure the nurse’s knowledge on pressure ulcers and permission sought from relevant ethical boards to utilize the said instrument. The PICO model will be used where a multi-faceted, evidence-based educational intervention that is linked to treatment and prevention of pressure ulcers, in comparison to absence of formal education will result in enhancing the confidence and knowledge of rural setting nurses in caring for patients that have pressure ulcers or are at risk of acquiring PUs. The purpose of the project will be to assess the impact that an education intervention that is multi-faceted would have on the competency and knowledge of nurses working in rural settings, in relation to PU treatment and prevention. The goal of the project t will be to measure the multifaceted educational intervention’s efficacy in aiding rural setting nurses to not only achieve but also maintain the confidence and knowledge that is related to the treatment and prevention of PUs.

 

References

Buerhaus, P. I., Skinner, L. E., Auerbach, D. I., & Staiger, D. O. (2017). Four challenges facing the nursing workforce in the United States. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 8(2), 40-46.

Dilie, A., & Mengistu, D. (2015). Assessment of nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and perceived barriers to expressed pressure ulcer prevention practice in Addis Ababa government hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2015. Advances in Nursing, 2015.

Hendrickx, L., & Winters, C. (2017). Access to continuing education for critical care nurses in rural or remote settings. Critical care nurse, 37(2), 66-71.

Jaul, E., Barron, J., Rosenzweig, J. P., & Menczel, J. (2018). An overview of co-morbidities and the development of pressure ulcers among older adults. BMC geriatrics, 18(1), 1-11.

Kalb, K. A., O’Conner-Von, S. K., Brockway, C., Rierson, C. L., & Sendelbach, S. (2015). Evidence-based teaching practice in nursing education: Faculty perspectives and practices. Nursing education perspectives, 36(4), 212-219.

Mallah, Z., Nassar, N., & Badr, L. K. (2015). The effectiveness of a pressure ulcer intervention program on the prevalence of hospital acquired pressure ulcers: controlled before and after study. Applied Nursing Research, 28(2), 106-113.

Meretoja, R., Numminen, O., Isoaho, H., & Leino‐Kilpi, H. (2015). Nurse competence between three generational nurse cohorts: A cross‐sectional study. International journal of nursing practice, 21(4), 350-358.

Orta, R., Messmer, P. R., Valdes, G. R., Turkel, M., Fields, S. D., & Wei, C. C. (2016). Knowledge and competency of nursing faculty regarding evidence-based practice. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 47(9), 409-419.

Stiggelbout, A. M., Pieterse, A. H., & De Haes, J. C. (2015). Shared decision making: concepts, evidence, and practice. Patient education and counseling, 98(10), 1172-1179 Pressure Ulcer Prevention and treatment in inpatient rehabilitation.