Explain the effects of each influence on intelligence and academic achievement

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Discussion: Environmental and Biological Effects on Intelligence and Achievement

Intelligence tests are controversial, partly because they sometimes determine important aspects of people’s lives. For example, intelligence test scores have factored into determining school placement, identifying giftedness, and diagnosing mental retardation and learning disabilities. Even when an intelligence test shows that a child has normal intelligence, there might be speculation of a learning disability due to him or her falling behind in academic achievement. A child’s biology and environment influences his or her academic achievement, as well. Children from different cultures and socioeconomic status have diverse experiences, beliefs, and attitudes that affect their academic achievement. There are also differences in skills that caregivers emphasize during a child’s development that contribute to a child’s school readiness, which influences intelligence and academic achievement.

Intelligence and academic achievement are often used to determine many aspects of a person’s life, including the diagnosis of a learning disability. Most identifiers of learning disabilities are seen within the realm of intelligence and achievement. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 is an example of a federal mandate that allows for identification of indicators of learning disabilities, such as limited response to intervention or a meaningful discrepancy between a student’s intelligence and achievement scores. When diagnosing a learning disability in determining a child’s intelligence, a combination of indicators is more accurate than a single test score.

For this Discussion, you will explore the differences between intelligence and academic achievement (as opposed to other types of achievement). You also will examine environmental and/or biological influences on intelligence and academic achievement.

To prepare for this Discussion:

· Review this week’s Learning Resources related to intelligence and academic achievement and consider environmental and biological influences.

· Select two influences: environmental and/or biological (you can select two of either category or one of each) that have been associated with intelligence and academic achievement.

Post an explanation of the difference between intelligence and academic achievement. Then, briefly describe the two environmental and/or biological influences you selected. Explain the effects of each influence on intelligence and academic achievement. Be specific and provide examples from your Learning Resources. Use proper APA format and citations.

Required Readings

Berk, L. E. (2018). Development through the lifespan (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

· Chapter 7, “Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood” (pp. 214–253)

· Chapter 9, “Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood” (pp. 292-331)

Liu, J., Li, L., Wang, Y., Yan, C., & Liu, X. (2013). Impact of low blood lead concentrations on IQ and school performance in Chinese children. Plos ONE, 8(5), e65230. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065230

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Nisbett, R. E., Aronson, J., Blair, C., Dickens, W., Flynn, J., Halpern, D. F., & Turkheimer, E. (2012). Intelligence: New findings and theoretical developments. American Psychologist, 67(2), 130–159. doi:10.1037/a0026699

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Required Media

Films Media Group. (Producer). (2007). Intellectual growth and achievement: Human development—Enhancing social and cognitive growth in children [Video file]. Part of the Series: Human Development: Enhancing Social and Cognitive Growth in Children. New York, N.Y.

 

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 28 minutes.

 

Do you believe it is a sin to act on that temptation by practicing homosexual behavior? 

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From your textbook and any other readings on sexual development, briefly discuss both biological and social contributions to the development of sexual identity and development.  Be sure your discussion includes both biological and social aspects of development across the lifespan.  Include  both same-sex and opposite sex identities in your discussion.

Then, provide at least one scripture that supports or forbids same-sex behavior.  It is important to distinguish between attraction and behavior in this part of the discussion.  Do you believe it is a sin to be attracted (tempted) to a person of the same-sex?  Do you believe it is a sin to act on that temptation by practicing homosexual behavior?  Do you believe the attraction is a product of “ nature” (biological) or “nurture” (social) or both?

Note, do not simply discuss what you “think” or “feel”.  Rather give valid bases for your answers.  These can include both scripture and scientific bases.  Just be sure to think critically regarding your sources and the application to your position.

NOTE: This is one question, but has two parts that should be connected with each other in your discussion.

How do these interpersonal orientations impact the way this character interacts with others and develops relationships?

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Assignment 1: Discussion—Television Character

Television provides us with many interesting examples of interpersonal and neurotic behaviors. In this assignment, you will delve into the life and actions of some of your favorite television characters and analyze them using Horney’s coping strategies.

Interestingly, Horney’s three coping strategies for one’s neurotic needs correlate very well with three of Adler’s different personality types:

  • Horney’s moving-toward strategy—Adler’s getting or leaning type
  • Horney’s moving against—Adler’s ruling or dominant type
  • Horney’s moving away from—Adler’s avoiding type

Using Horney’s theory of coping with neurotic needs with three different interpersonal orientations, select a TV program of your choice containing a character that Horney would identify as exhibiting neurotic behaviors. As you watch a full episode of this show, focus on this character and tally each instance of moving-toward, moving-against, and moving-away behavior.

Research Horney’s theory using your textbook, the Internet, and the Argosy University online library resources. Based on your research, respond to the following:

  • Discuss this character’s neurotic needs and trends.
  • What do you think has happened in his/her life that has led to these behaviors?
  • In addition to general life events, how has gender and culture influenced the character’s neurotic needs and behaviors?
  • How do these interpersonal orientations impact the way this character interacts with others and develops relationships?

Write your initial response in 4–5 paragraphs. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.

By the due date assigned, post your response to the appropriate Discussion Area. Through the end of the module, review and comment on at least two peers’ responses.

describe what you see as the proper or optimal way to think about the relationship between theory and practice.

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Prenatal Development

With the evolution of Google, accessible information, the study of genetics, prenatal tests, social media, and many other sources of information for new parents, the process of preparing for a healthy baby can be overwhelming.

For this first journal assignment, reflect on the substance and theoretical foundation of what you have learned this week about prenatal development. Then write a reflective essay that addresses the following:

  • Comment on how this week’s learning and materials compliment, oppose, and/or affect change in your positions and attitudes on the relevant subject matter.
  • From this reflection, formulate and articulate three pieces of advice to help expecting parents ensure healthy development of their baby.
  • Analyze how your recommendations are grounded in relevant theory.
  • Explain how a decision to ground your recommendations in a different theoretical framework might have affected your decisions and actions.
  • Based on your response to the previous question, describe what you see as the proper or optimal way to think about the relationship between theory and practice.
  • Explain how the recommendations you selected help to ensure healthy development.
  • Explain how ethical concerns might arise related to things such as prenatal tests and predictions.

Be sure to consider what you read about in Chapters 1 and 2 of the course textbook relating to developmental theory and the evaluation of research evidence for claims.

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 Describe how neuroenhancers have the potential to improve learning among the three levels of learning ability

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Watch the “Chess Experiment,” “Future Brain,” and “Early Stages of Experimentation” videos available on the student website.

Prepare a 3 slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation with speaker notes for public school teachers on the present and future state of neuroenhancers and transcranial stimulation for all groups of children: challenged, average capability, and gifted.

Address the following in your presentation:

  • ·  Describe how neuroenhancers have the potential to improve learning among the three levels of learning ability. Distinguish between natural and artificial substances.

identify a problem that affects populations that social workers serve

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For this Assignment, you will identify a problem that affects populations that social workers serve. Some examples of social problems include poverty, child welfare/abuse, and homelessness.

(The populations is the homelessness)

Assignment (2-4 double-spaced pages in APA format): In addition to a minimum of six scholarly references, which may include electronic government documents and reputable websites, your paper should include:

  • A description of the social problem you selected and any known causes or explanations for the problem
  • A description of the problem’s prevalence in society
  • A description of the specific population impacted by this social problem, if any. If the social problem you selected does affect a specific population, include an explanation of why that might be the case.
  • An explanation of the theories that support the problem and approaches scholars and policy analysts use to address the problem
  • resources   

Popple, P. R., & Leighninger, L. (2015). The policy-based profession: An introduction to social welfare policy analysis for social workers. (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

  • Chapter 3, Social Welfare Policy Analysis❠(pp. 35-55)
  • Chapter 3, Social Welfare Policy Analysis (pp. 35-55)

Are there flaws in the inferential tests employed by the authors?

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PSYC 305

Fall 2018

Beyond the Textbook

APA Paper Rubric

Primary Aim Student Work/Scores
Brief summarization of key points from peer-reviewed literature (6 points) Introduction (2 points)

· What is the goal of the authors?

· What is the proposed theory?

· What hypotheses will be tested in the study?

Method (2 points)

· Briefly describe each subsection: participants, materials, procedure

· What are the independent, dependent, and control variables

· If your article describes multiple experiments, describe each one in sequence

Results (2 points)

· Briefly summarize the findings. Include the specific inferential tests that were constructed as well as whether the analyses revealed statistically significant effects (i.e. p < .05). Report all statistical findings according to APA style

· How do the authors interpret their findings? Do they believe their hypotheses were supported?
Discussion of the implications of such research (5 points) · Why should we care?

· Why does this study impact society, future research, this class, etc.?
Discussion of gaps or limitations of such work along with recommendations for future work

(5 points)

 · Does the method test the hypothesis?

· Is the recruited sample representative of the intended population?

· Are the employed measures reliable/valid?

· Are the independent and dependent variables clearly defined?

· Are there plausible confounding variables (e.g. bias)? Are there plausible alternative explanations that account for the findings?

· Was a pilot-test necessary? How would it have helped?

· Is the method section described in enough detail that it could easily be replicated by other researchers?

· Are there flaws in the inferential tests employed by the authors?

· Are the conclusions made by the authors substantiated by the evidence? Do the authors over-generalize such conclusions? Are there implications that the authors overlook?

· Are there ethical concerns with this study?

· What questions are left unanswered (specifically those not acknowledged by the authors)?
APA Style

(4 points)

 · Title page (0.5 point)

· Headings (0.5 point)

· In-text citations (1 points)

· References (2 points)

how does sensory development impact a child's perception of the world.

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The sensory system of the young child develops early in life. Watch the video clips Inside the Living Body and review Chapters 3, 4, 5.5, 5.6, and 5.7 in the course textbook.

  • Discuss the way in which the various sensory systems develop and how sensory development impacts a child’s perception of the world.
  • Explain in your post how you might suggest a parent adjusts the home environment and social situations to allow for the infant and young child’s system to develop.
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Compare and contrast how the benefits of imagery on the learning and performance of sport skills are explained by the psycho-neuromuscular hypothesis, symbolic learning theory, and the bio-informational models

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Assignment 3: Essay: Imagery

Part I:

Compare and contrast how the benefits of imagery on the learning and performance of sport skills are explained by the psycho-neuromuscular hypothesis, symbolic learning theory, and the bio-informational models. Provide examples from sport
and/or cite research to support your response. Follow APA guidelines for writing and citing sources.

Part II:

Imagine that you are a coach or a sport psychologist who wants to develop the imagery skills of an athlete or team with whom you are working. Using the physical, environment, task, timing, learning, emotion, and perspective (PETTLEP) model and the applied model of imagery use presented in this module, compose an imagery skills training program for the sport of your choice that follows the suggestions provided by these two models. Specify the time frame of the imagery program (preseason, during season, or combination) and provide details related to how you would implement your program.

Write your answers in a 2–3-page essay and present it in Microsoft Word document format. Name the file M3_A3_LastName_Imagery.doc and submit it to the
Submissions Area by the due date assigned.

All written assignments and responses should follow APA rules for attributing sources.

Assignment 3 Grading CriteriaMaximum PointsCompared and contrasted the psycho-neuromuscular hypothesis, symbolic learning theory, and the bio-informational models with respect to benefits of imagery.12Relevant examples from research and professional experience were provided.8Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources, displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.8Designed an imagery skills training program that integrates both PETTLEP and the applied model of imagery.12Provided time frame and implementation plan, showing milestones and benchmarks.8Total:48

Attachments

Social Media And How It Affects Children In School.

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*The Topic Im Choosing Is Social Media And How It Affects Children In School.*

please use Psyc-Info to find FIVE peer-reviewed research 

articles that present research related to the topic that you have selected.

Please make sure that

these papers present new, original research.  They should each have a “participants” section; 

this is one important way to tell if the article presents new empirical research.

APA format is Very important in this class !

Specifics about how to turn in the assignment:

Page 1)  APA style title page.  Don’t forget about the running head and the page numbers!

Make sure to use 12-point Times Font, double spaced consistently (no extra spaces).

Your

book has an example cover page on page 349.  Please use this as a model.

Page 2) Paragraph describing your topic. You can explain why it is important, or why you want

to learn more about it, or why you think more research should be conducted on the topic.  Don’t

forget the running head and the page numbers (

keep it consistent with APA style – see the

example APA paper that starts on page 349 of your text.  The running head looks different on

page 1 compared to the other pages in an APA style documen

t)!

Page 3) APA style reference section where you will list each of the articles that you found on

your time spent with Psyc-Info.  You should have FIVE at this time (however if you would like

to include more, feel free to…but not necessary). Again, don’t forget the running head and page

numbers!

Page 4)  Appendix.  Treat this as an APA-Style Appendix Section and keep the running heads

and page numbers.  You will present the following information for each article that is included in

your reference section (will be easiest if you make a table to present the information).  It is very

basic at this point, don’t worry, we’ll get much more detailed in later assignments!!

Title of the article

Authors of the article

How many participants were studied in the research?  Basic age/gender/racial

composition/socioeconomic status/occupational/school information?

Where was the research conducted?  (a laboratory?  Classrooms?  Families’ homes?)

Name of the Journal where the research was published – be sure to spell out the whole

name, not using abbreviations (APA style does not use abbreviations for journal titles)

Example of how to present the information for each of your five articles (based on one of

your professor’s recent articles- feel free to use this table but insert the information from your

own papers).

 

**PLEASE SEE THE ATTACHMENT FOR MORE DETAILED INFO**

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