analyze how the notion of the moral good in utilitarianism leads to a unique approach to ethical problems

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Prepare: The initial post in this discussion must be informed by the required material for this discussion. Your preparation should focus on three classical ethical theories that are fundamental in any ethical analysis: utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics. Since the subject of your examination is the Starbucks case, make sure to view the relevant multimedia carefully with an eye toward the various ethical problems that this company has had to confront.

Reflect: Keep in mind that although the notion of the moral good will vary among ethical theories, they often produce the same or similar results. So you should focus on the differences in (a) the intent and (b) the consequences of the action under examination. In utilitarianism, for example, the consequences of the action are weightier than the intent. Accordingly, even if the intent was morally questionable, the action is nonetheless morally good if it achieves good consequences for most. The opposite would be the case if the action were being examined from a deontological point of view. These reflections will aid your selection of an ethical theory for your initial post, as well as your critical examinations of the analysis from fellow students.

Write: Start your initial post by identifying two characteristics of utilitarianism, two characteristics of virtue ethics, and two characteristics of deontology. Organize this part of your post so that it is clear which characteristics belong to which ethical theory. You can do this by means of subtitles, or by presenting a table. You should aim to write one complete and clear sentence for each characteristic rather than just one or a few words.

Then, take the position that Starbucks is guided by utilitarianism and analyze how the notion of the moral good in utilitarianism leads to a unique approach to ethical problems. The way to do this is as follows:

  • First, present an ethical problem confronted by Starbucks. You can choose one such ethical problem from the video.
  • Then, apply the characteristics of utilitarianism that you identified for this discussion in the attempt to solve this problem.
  • After this, analyze how the notion of the moral good present in utilitarianism, and the characteristics that you identified in particular, shape the approach to solving this problem.

Revise: This is your chance to correct any oversights or errors in your initial post, or show your improved understanding of the ethical theories and their applications. Start by reading the feedback provided by your professor to your initial post, either directly to you or to your fellow students. Use this as an opportunity to learn from your professor, especially with regard to the best ways to apply the course material and your research to your analysis. On the basis of what you have learned in this process, post an improved revision of your initial post that applies the additional knowledge that you have gained.

Remember that your grade depends on the quality of your initial and revised responses, not just on the submission of an attempt at improvement. It is thus to your advantage to post the best initial post you can and then to also improve that best effort as much as you can through revision. Taking this process seriously will help you develop the skills you need to do well on the final project.

Requirements for Your Initial Post:

  • Your initial post should be at least 400 words in lengthand have citations and references in APA notation. It should address the prompt in its entirety. This means that you should not split your response to the prompt in multiple posts. Your examination should be both thorough and succinct. This is a combination that demands time and thought, so give yourself sufficient time to draft and revise.
  • Please be advised that until you post, you will not see what your fellow students are posting. Once you submit your post, you will be able to view the posts from your other classmates. You can then proceed to reply to at least two different threads based on the required material for this discussion on virtue ethics and deontology.
  • Your list of references for your initial post should include the video and the other required material for this discussion, including Section 1.3 of the textbook on Starbucks, as well as the Instructor Guidance and any other announcements presented to you by your professor. Use all of the material presented to you in the course and by your professor, in addition to any other sources that you consulted to inform yourself about Starbucks (but not Wikipedia or similar sources).

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Family Development theory and Family Genogram to viewing and understanding family life:

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Guidelines for Family Genogram

The purpose of this assignment is to apply course-related concepts to real life situations, and to better understand your own family dynamics, and potentially, that of the people you will be working with as a human service professional. This assignment is worth 50 points.

Your genogram consists of two parts:

(1) Physical graphic depiction of your family (25 points)

a. You can do this on a regular 8 X 11 sheet of paper, highlighters, construction paper, markers, etc. You do not need to buy a large presentation board, any special computer program, or any fancy materials.

(2) Written portion (25 points)

Graphic Depiction:

· Members of at least three generations (if you have children, you may choose to include four generations).

· Members gender, age, generational position, and ethnic/religious background.

· Significant events: year of marriage, separation, divorce, death.

As you draw your Family Genogram, expect to make a few tries on smaller sheets of paper before you draw it on a large piece of paper. You may want to use different colors to make distinctions between generation or blood lines. Feel free to do this in any way that helps you see your family more clearly. As you will discover, Genogram allows to succinctly display a lot of information. And, most importantly, you will gain a whole new sense of your family.

Written Portion: (2 pages total) should not include the story of your life, how mom and dad met, or describe family history and traditions. Simply and succinctly answer the following questions only:

· Describe the characteristics of each generation based on the Family Life Course perspective:

· Identify and name the stage of the Family Life Course (or a transition between stages) each generation of your family is in at the moment (5 points)

· Specify basic developmental tasks that each member/generation of your family has to accomplish/ is in the process of accomplishing (10 points)

· What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Family Development theory and Family Genogram to viewing and understanding family life: (5 points)

· Have you learned anything new about your family? How was your perception of your family changed in the process of working on this exercise? This is where you should point out how your family compares research findings we have discussed in class (family size, age of stage transitions, etc.) (5 points)

How does one learn forgiveness?

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Chapter 9 Becoming and Being Wise Developing Wisdom

Many theorists argue that wisdom develops from knowledge, cognitive skills and personality factors. Understanding culture and the environment also considered vital. Mentors are believed to be an important mechanism for developing wisdom “Two heads are better than one”

Wise People and Their Characteristics

Longitudinal studies have determined that a person’s childhood does not determine the development of wisdom and that wise people achieve greater life satisfaction than the unwise. Orwell and Achenbaum suggest that women’s acts of wisdom typically occur in private whereas men’s acts of wisdom are more public Baltes and Staudinger report no age differences between 25 and 75 years but that the time between 15 and 25 is particularly important in developing wisdom. Some professions associated with higher levels of wisdom: clinical psychologists

a. Do you know a wise person? a) What kinds of characteristics make him/her a wise person?

b. Do you consider yourself a wise person b) How can we cultivate wisdom in everyday life?

Chapter 10 Forgiveness

· Defined by Thompson and colleagues, forgiveness is freeing from a negative attachment to the source of the transgression. This definition allows the target of forgiveness to be oneself, another person, or a situation.

· Defined by McCullough and colleagues, forgiveness is an increase in prosocial motivation, in that there is less of a desire to avoid or seek revenge against the transgressor and an increased desire to act positively towards the transgressing person. This definition is only applicable when another person is the target of the transgression.

· Defined by Enright and colleagues, forgiveness is the willingness to give up resentment, negative judgment, and indifference towards the transgressor and give undeserved compassion, generosity, and benevolence to the transgressing person. This definition is limited to people and does not include situations.

· Defined by Tangney and colleagues, giving up negative emotions is the core of forgiveness.

How does one learn forgiveness?

· According to the model developed by Gordon, Baucom, and Snyder, three steps are needed for achieving forgiveness toward another person. The initial impact stage includes negative emotions such as fear, anger and hurt. The search for meaning stage investigates why the incident happened. And the recovery stage is when the people move forward in their lives.

· The REACH model developed by Everett Worthington is a five-step process to forgiveness regarding infidelity. The acronym stands for Recall the hurt and the nature of the injury caused; Empathy promotion in both partners; Altruistic gift giving of forgiveness between partners; Committing verbally to forgive partner, and; Holding onto the forgiveness for each other.

· Self-forgiveness is aimed at lessening the feelings of shame or guilt. The individual is encouraged to take responsibility for the action and to let go and to move forward. The goal is to prevent the individual from letting the negative feelings interfere with positive living.

· Thought stopping and examination of thinking behind negative situations are needed to forgive situations and inanimate objects. The individual will learn that they should not blame happenings in their lives for their problems.

Why forgive?

· An evolutionary advantage to forgiveness is that it may break the violence cycle in human beings and the survival chances will be increased. With lower levels of hostility and aggression and higher levels of positive feelings, the social order may be stabilized.

· Forgiveness requires a sense of self, which is often damaged due to problems requiring the forgiveness. If one learns to forgive, one will build the sense of self up and it may become stronger.

· Forgiveness creates positive emotions.

Think about a situation in which you forgave someone.  a) Explain how you felt before and after forgiving.  b) Do you think that this forgiveness was true forgiveness and why? (Link your comments to one or more of the forgiveness theories presented in the chapter.

prepare a pamphlet that can be distributed at  mental health clinics, public health centers, and physicians’ offices  explaining the relationship between methamphetamine and mental health

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Warm-Up Activity 9.1: How to Prepare a Pamphlet

A pamphlet is an format in which you can present select and concise  information to improve knowledge levels, to change someone’s attitude  toward a subject, to be used in conjunction with other interventions, to  educate patients, their families and professionals, and to target  specific populations.

The Challenge in Preparing a Pamphlet

Writing an effective pamphlet is challenging. You have a limited  amount of space in which to provide information. This is where  organizing and outlining becomes important.

1. Determine the key concepts. Your assignment will outline several or all points that need to be covered.

2. Use headings or subtitles to address those key concepts.

3. Put the key point first in the explanation for each section.

4. Properly cite your supporting resources just as you would do with a  traditional paper. NOTE: Double-check with your Mentor to see if he or  she will accept footnotes rather than a reference section for your  pamphlet if it helps with readability of your information.

5. Graphics, photographs, charts and other illustrations need to be appropriate to the topic and audience.

Creating a Pamphlet

There are a number of software programs including Microsoft Publisher  that are designed to create a variety of different written materials.  But you can easily create your own using Microsoft Word.

Depending on the version of Word that you may have, you can open a  template and simply cut and paste your information into the template. Or  you can search the Internet for a free template.

But you can also create a simple pamphlet in Word by following these steps.

1. Open a new file in Word, name it and save it as you would any other assignment.

2. Go to PAGE LAYOUT>MARGINS>NARROW (1/2 inch)

3. Write your text and insert graphics

4. Go to PAGE LAYOUT>ORIENTATION>LANDSCAPE. Change to landscape – 11 x 8 ½

5. Highlight text.

6. With text highlighted, go to PAGE LAYOUT>COLUMNS>THREE. Click and save.

Your file now is a draft pamphlet that you now can review, revise and proof before you submit it to your Mentor for feedback.

Simple Tips

Effective pamphlets are those that present information that is organized, supported with valid research, and easy to understand.

1. Use short words and sentences. Keep your audience in mind.

2. Use quotes sparingly. As a general rule, quotes have value for  emphasis if you cannot rephrase the information any better in your own  words.

3. Use the active voice. “Families can provide support to children  struggling with homework by”… rather than “Support can be provided by  the family to children struggling with homework by…”

4. Be positive. “Families should” rather than “Families should not”

Presentation Tips

1. Use a simple font and no less than 12 point (footnotes should be no smaller than 9 point)

2. Use the same font throughout.

3. Use color sparingly and for emphasis only. The same goes for underlining and italics.

4. Use white space effectively. If text is squeezed together, it is  hard to read. Rather, take time to edit your information so that your  key concepts are clearly and simply presented.

Assignment

You need to prepare a pamphlet that can be distributed at  mental health clinics, public health centers, and physicians’ offices  explaining the relationship between methamphetamine and mental health.  Be sure to include the following in your pamphlet:

  • A definition of methamphetamines, their most common form and usages
  • How methamphetamines are abused
  • Intoxication caused by methamphetamine use
  • Long and short term effects of methamphetamine abuse
  • Symptoms and methods of withdrawal from methamphetamine use
  • Psychiatric illnesses association with methamphetamine use
  • Different ways disorders co-occur with methamphetamine (e.g., self-medications vs. meth-caused mental disorder)
  • Treatment options and prognoses for methamphetamine addiction

Support your pamphlet with at least 5 peer-reviewed scholarly references. In  addition, provide two local community resources (Columbus, Ohio area)that deal with the  problem of methamphetamine and mental health issues.
Your  pamphlet should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and  concepts presented by providing new thoughts and insights  relating directly to this topic. Be creative while reflecting scholarly  writing and current APA standards.

Due: December 8, 2018 by 5pm EST

How have your attitudes toward prejudice, subordination, or discrimination been influenced by the agents of socialization, such as family, peer groups, schools, and the media?

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Assignment 2: Oratorical Leaders and the Magic of Stereotypes

No one gets through life alone. To some extent, we are all products of our environments. We learn from our families, schools, and cultures. Every person has to face severe challenges and conquer obstacles. How we face our challenges depends on how we are shaped by others and our strength of character.

Certain individuals in our society have played powerful roles in the evolution of prevailing norms. While we learn our culture from agents of socialization, great leaders with lofty visions lead people and nations in the direction of emancipation, economic prosperity, and political freedom. Each of the following speeches tells the story of a struggle and its leader. Each speech echoes the aspirations of thousands of people as well as their desire to change their social situations.

The purpose of this assignment is to demonstrate the power of stereotypes as a shorthand communication tool. With great economy of words, each speaker uses stereotypes to frame the audience into an in-group of which he or she is the leader and the out-group on the opposing side.

Part 1: Read transcripts of famous speeches 

Access the following speeches located in the AUO Library:

  • King, M. (2004). ‘I have a dream’. New African, (435), 67-67.
    http://www.thecampuscommon.com/library/ezproxy/ticketdemocs.asp?sch=auo&turl=http://search.proquest.com/docview/230228033
  • Cullis-Suzuki, S. (1994). An appeal for future generations. Earth Island Journal, 9(3), 14-14.
    http://www.thecampuscommon.com/library/ezproxy/ticketdemocs.asp?sch=auo&turl=http://search.proquest.com/docview/213829553

Part 2: Research other famous speeches

Explore various resources to research other famous speeches related to stereotyping and prejudice. Some suggestions are below. You may be able to find these speeches in video, audio, or text format. Try using a variety of search methods including visiting your local library, using Netflix or your local video store, or searching on YouTube. (You might also try locating the videos for the two famous speeches listed in Part 1 of this assignment.)

  • Malcolm X: By Any Means Necessary
  • Mahatma Gandhi: Nonviolence speech from the film Gandhi
  • Gandhi’s definition on Satyagraha

Part 3: Write a Paper

For this assignment, select one of the above speakers/speech and prepare a 1200- to 1500-word paper that answers the following questions:

  • Why did you select this particular speaker? Explain in around 300 words.
  • Which is the in-group, and what are the unifying values or the ascribed status that provides its solidarity? Explain in around 300 words.
  • What stereotype—prejudice, subordination, or discrimination—is the in-group challenging? Provide specific examples and explain in around 300 words.
  • In your view, did members of the in-group conspire to subordinate the
    out-group, or was the in-group merely operating within the social structure of its time? Explain in around 300 words.
  • How have your attitudes toward prejudice, subordination, or discrimination been influenced by the agents of socialization, such as family, peer groups, schools, and the media? Explain in around 300 words.

Provide a minimum of 3 references and apply the correct APA standards in the formatting of text, citations, and references.

Why do you think slave-owners want to keep this information from their slaves?

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BOOK: Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass.

In approximately 200 words, answer the following questions, supporting your answers with quotations from the text:

Chapter I

In this chapter, Douglass discusses the circumstances of his birth and early childhood, as “representative” of the experience of slaves.

1.   Why doesn’t Douglass know his birthday? Why do you think slave-owners want to keep this information from their slaves?

Chapter II This chapter opens with some detail about Douglass’s first master’s family and their plantation.

1.      Why does Douglass tell us the details of the slaves’ annual allowance?  How would you characterize their “standard of living”?

2.      What is Douglass’s attitude towards the singing of slaves?  What does he think it expresses?

Chapter IVThis chapter is essentially a detailed portrait of the overseer, Mr. Gore, and as such, he is a “representative overseer” in much the same way that Douglass is a “representative slave.”

1. What are Mr. Gore’s essential qualities?  How does he treat the slaves? 

1. Wha1. 1. What are Mr. Gore’s essential qualities?  How does he treat the slaves? 
What are Mr.

What are the basic facts or prevalence rates of a disorder or the use of a treatment?

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Guidelines for Final Paper

Write a 5-6 page paper that explores a specific topic in abnormal psychology/psychopathology in-depth, drawing from the scientific literature. Example topics include the exploration of an evidence-based treatment for a specific disorder, a current topic in the news related to psychopathology (e.g., the use of medication to treat mental disorders in children and adolescents), a protective/risk factor that increases/decreases the risk for developing a specificpsychological disorder, or exploring multisystemic causes of a disorder (e.g. exploring the individual, family, and societal causes). Topics can include disorders that are not formally covered in class.

You must cite at least 5 peer-reviewed journal articles published in the last 5-10 years (more recent is better). Use these and other sources (including the textbook, if you choose) to introduce your topic, review the relevant research literature, and support your conclusion. You only have 5/6 pages to explore your topic, so make sure your writing is focused and clear. You do not need to include an abstract for your paper (*you’ve already submitted one!), but you must include a title page (the title page does not count toward the 5 page length of the paper).

Your paper must be in APA style. You should follow the guidelines in the 6th edition of the APA Manual. Thus, your paper must be typed using 12-point Times New Roman font and double-spaced with 1-inch margins.

Your paper will be graded on the following elements:

INTRODUCE THE TOPIC (introductory paragraph) [10 points]

Brief introduction to the issue

E.g., how many people are affected by your topic? What are the basic facts or prevalence rates of a disorder or the use of a treatment?

Brief description of why this topic is important

Why is this topic important? What is the debate surrounding this topic (if there is one)?

What are the ethical, social, cultural implications of the topic? Is there an ethical dilemma associated with the topic (e.g. use of medication)? Does this disorder present itself differently among different ethnic groups?

Cleary articulated specific aims (i.e., what your paper will address)

A succinct description of what you will accomplish in this paper (e.g., review treatments for a specific disorder, determine whether the literature supports using medication to treat a specific disorder in children, review what is known about the impact of X on the development of Y)

CONSULT & CRITICALLY EVALUATE THE RESEARCH LITERATURE (main body of your paper) [45 points]

What are the major empirical findings and/or theories that have guided your lit review?

Review the relevant research literature (i.e., present the methodology, participant characteristics, and findings of your peer-reviewed journal articles) to clarify the issues.

This lit review should lead to/support your conclusion/opinion.

DELIVER A CONCLUSION / OPINION BASED ON THE LIT REVIEW (one paragraph) [10 points]

Refer back to the aims stated at the beginning of your paper and then state your conclusion.

Provide your position and briefly summarize the main supporting evidence.

This could be as simple as stating that a particular treatment you reviewed appears to be effective and the best choice for treating X.

PROVIDE DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH (one paragraph) [10 points]

What work still needs to be done?

Where are the gaps in the current research?

You may gain ideas for this paragraph by reading the future directions proposed at the end of your peer-reviewed journal articles.

PAPER FORMATTING / APA STYLE / GRAMMAR (throughout the paper) [10 points]

Use formal language (i.e., do not use colloquial terms, insensitive language, or the first person).

Use clear and concise sentences to state your points.

Proofread your paper to ensure that it is free of grammatical errors and typos.

Use APA style for in-text citations, headings, reference list, title page, etc.

Use headings to enhance the clarity and organization of your paper.

PAPER GRADING CRITERIA

INTRODUCE THE TOPIC

_____ / 10

CONSULT & CRITICALLY EVALUATE THE RESEARCH LITERATURE

_____ / 45

DELIVER A CONCLUSION / OPINION BASED ON THE LIT REVIEW

_____ / 10

PROVIDE DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

_____ / 10

PAPER FORMATTING / APA STYLE / GRAMMAR

_____ / 10

OVERALL PAPER GRADE

_____ / 85

COMMON MISTAKES

Look at your word processing software’s (e.g., Microsoft Word) spacing—do not allow extra spacing before or after paragraphs!

Do not use direct quotes. In APA style, writers summarize and paraphrase the content of others’ writing instead of quoting it directly.

Don’t write “et al.” in the text of your paper—this shorthand is only used inside of in-text citations; for example, (Torres et al., 2017). Use “and colleagues” if you refer to the authors of a paper within a sentence; for example, Torres and colleagues (2017) studied …

“et. al.” isn’t correct—it’s “et al.”

When writing the names of disorders or treatments, use lower case letters

factors possibly influencing people's reactions to their traumatic experiences and their receptivity to certain manners of interviewing

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In the assessment of victims, pay special consideration to issues that may affect the ways in which the victims may react to your interventions. You need to do your homework and be aware of issues of possible relevance to the particular person or families you will be interviewing, whether you are:

  • Interviewing a victim as part of a psychological evaluation for the court
  • Working with law enforcement and need information to help in the prosecution of a crime
  • Working as a consultant to an attorney who is defending a person with a history of trauma

Some of the factors possibly influencing people’s reactions to their traumatic experiences and their receptivity to certain manners of interviewing include:

  • Age, gender, and sexual orientation
  • Religious or spiritual beliefs and background
  • Cultural or ethnic background
  • Education and intellectual functioning
  • Physical illnesses
  • Language proficiency

Tasks:

Select two of the factors listed above and explain in detail how they may affect your approach in interviewing and assessing a victim. Support your responses using examples and references from your textbook and other resources, such as websites. Include the references at the end of your posting.

All written assignments and responses should follow APA rules for attributing sources.

How does effective schema development affect our ability to move knowledge (memories) from working memory to long-term memory?

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Prior to engaging in this discussion, read Chapter 4: Cognition, Learning, and the Environment in your required e-book, review the article “Socially Situated Cognition in Perspective” and the Instructor Guidance, and view the video What Are Schemas? (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..

Cognition incorporates numerous variables that are suggested to affect how we learn. For this discussion please address the following theories that support this suggestion:

  • Evaluate and discuss the applicability of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. Why are developmental phases important to consider when addressing how we learn?
  • How does effective schema development affect our ability to move knowledge (memories) from working memory to long-term memory?
    • How do the differing types of schema (Table 4.2: Types of comprehension-associated schema in your required e-book) potentially play differing roles? Why might one type of schema be harder for a person to develop than another?
  • How does the term reciprocal determinism further explain the dynamic of learning that is suggested to be affected by our environment? (social learning theory and social cognitive theory)
  • Based on your previous answers, how do these sub-theories and frameworks affect your own learning success, past and future?

Why is insight not an adequate explanation of problem solving?

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You will complete 10 short answer essay questions which focus on the course readings. Essay answers must be attached as Word documents to the appropriate assignment page, not typed into the assignment student comments boxes. In addition to writing a 300 word answer to each essay question with APA formatted citations and references (APA title page and reference page are required. Each question should be answered clearly and numbered) answer each question thoroughly and completely, providing examples where required. A minimum of 5 scholarly references are required for this exam.

Answer the questions below for this assignment.

· Synthesize the work of Watson and Rayner with Little Albert.

· Evaluate how you might have cured Little Albert’s phobia.

· Synthesize how a person might learn to be embarrassed by the word strawberry.

· How do the experiments of Carolyn and Arthur Staats help us understand prejudice?

· Evaluate Garcia’s work on taste aversion. Explain how his work differed from most studies of Pavlovian conditioning.

· How might you use Pavlovian conditioning to produce a boost in the body’s immune system in response to a CS?

· Compare and contrast classical conditioning and operant learning.

· What is the chief problem with the two-process theory of avoidance?

· Synthesize e how you would use shaping to train a pigeon to hop on one foot.

· Why is insight not an adequate explanation of problem solving?