Discussion: The Role of Government in the U.S. Health Care System

As stated in the course text, Health Care Delivery in the United States, “the health care enterprise is one of the most important parts of the U.S. social system and of our economic system as well” (Kovner and Knickman, 2011, p. 4); however, with millions of citizens uninsured, rising costs, massive health disparities, and the need to improve quality and access, many view health care as a broken system. As such, it continues to be a significant political issue in the United States. Most agree that something needs to be done to fix the health care system, but the methods and solutions for addressing problems vary greatly, particularly with respect to the role government should play. Proponents of varying approaches often have strong, emotional opinions, making compromise difficult.

In this Discussion, you will consider the role of government in health care, and you will examine the impact of a social, economic, technological, ethical, or legal issue on health care delivery.

To prepare:

• With this week’s Learning Resources in mind, consider this question: Is health care a right or a privilege?

• Review the media presentation for this week, focusing on the role of the government in health care including the Affordable Care Act.

• Pinpoint a social, economic, technological, ethical, or legal issue that could, or has, affected health care delivery in the United States.

• Locate a current article from the popular press (within the past 6 months) related to the health care issue you identified. How does this article inform your understanding of the influence of your selected issue in the health care debate?

Post your position on whether health care in the United States is a right or a privilege, and explain what you believe to be the proper role of government in health care. Justify your position. Explain how the social, economic, technological, ethical, or legal issue you selected is impacting health care delivery and whether this issue should be addressed by the government or by private entities. Identify the article you selected, and explain how this article informs your stance.

IMPORTANT: THE DISCUSSION QUESTION HAS TO BE FREE OF PLAGIARISM

NOTE: READ CAREFULLY EVERY INSTRUCTION, AND THE DOCUMENTS AND THE VIDEO ( MEDIA PRESENTATION)  ATTACHED BELLOW IN ORDER TO RESPOND CORRECTLY THE ASSIGNMENT. I ATTACHED DOCUMENTS THAT CAN  BE USED AS A GUIDE TO RESPOND THE DISCUSSION QUESTION CORRECTLY

MY PROFESSION/SPECIALIZATION IS : MENTAL HEALTH NURSE PRACTITIONER

I need assistance

Details:

In addition to the topic study materials, use the chart you completed and questions you answered in the Topic 3 about “Case Study: Healing and Autonomy” as the basis for your responses in this assignment.

Answer the following questions about a patient’s spiritual needs in light of the Christian worldview.

1. In 250 words, respond to the following: Should the physician allow Mike to continue making decisions that seem to him to be irrational and harmful to James, or would that mean a disrespect of a patient’s autonomy? Explain your rationale.

2. In 450-500 words, respond to the following: How ought the Christian think about sickness and health? How should a Christian think about medical intervention? What should Mike as a Christian do? How should he reason about trusting God and treating James in relation to what is truly honoring the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence in James’s care?

3. In 250 words, respond to the following: How would a spiritual needs assessment help the physician assist Mike determine appropriate interventions for James and for his family or others involved in his care?

Remember to include a strong thesis and support your responses with the topic study materials (minimum of 4 citations and references).

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

This benchmark assignment assesses the following competencies:

5.2: Assess for the spiritual needs and provide appropriate interventions for individuals, families, and groups.

Introduction and Alignment

Lest you be left with the impression, after the previous two exercises, that you are learning a skill set you will never use, you are challenged in this exercise to write about how you would respond if an unexpected outbreak of disease or other health condition were to unexpectedly occur in the kind of workplace where you serve or expect to serve after earning your master’s degree.  You are expected to apply the principles learned in the previous exercise, and to avoid errors of interpretation of information in the setting you are describing.

Upon completion of this assignment, you should be able to:

• Avoid five of the most common methodologic errors and biases that would invalidate an epidemiologic study or investigation.
• Apply epidemiologic skills in your chosen area of specialization in the nursing profession.

Resources

• Textbook: Macha, K., & McDonough, J. P. (2012). Epidemiology for advanced nursing practice. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning.
  • Chapter 1 Epidemiology and Its Progress
  • Chapter 5 Emerging Infectious Diseases
  • Chapter 6, Screening and Prevention of Diseases
• Textbook:  Sullivan, L. M. (2018). Biostatistics in public health (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones
  • Chapter 11 Survival Analysis
• Video: Week 4 PPT Video
• Video: Scaling up Awareness on Outbreak Investigation and Response
• MP3: Week 4 PPT Audio
• PowerPoint: Week 4 PPT
• File: Career Paper Rubric
• Website: Steps in Outbreak Investigation by Zach Moore
• Website: CDC Scientific Nomenclature
• Website: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
• Website: http://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/en/
• Website: https://www.cdc.gov/ophss/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson6/section2.html
• Website: https://www.shea-online.org/index.php/outbreak-investigation
• Website: https://www.fda.gov/food/recallsoutbreaksemergencies/outbreaks/ucm272351.htm

Instructions

1. Review, as needed, any of the resources linked above.
2. In a formal paper, follow the rubric found in the resources and pasted below to describe:
   1. your future career role: nurse practitioner, nurse educator, or nurse administrator, and
   2.  without repeating, yet another outbreak from history and how you would foresee functioning if a major outbreak of infectious disease affected your institution or community, including working with the media and public,
   3. apply the 10-steps of outbreak investigation, and
   4. one way in which this training in avoiding epidemiologic traps might come in handy in helping manage the outbreak.
   5. Mention at least one specific epidemiologic trap.
3. Use scholarly writing skills and APA format.
4. When you have completed your assignment, save a copy for yourself and submit a copy to your instructor using the Dropbox.

4.5 Drobpox: Future Career Goals

Assessment Criteria

Criteria

5 Points

4-3 Points

2-0 Points

Career and likely epidemiological responsibilities.

Provided clear and complete description of career role and relevancy of epidemiology.Described career role but with some ambiguities or inconsistencies.Career goal not present or had to be inferred from other comments.

Outbreaks that could realistically happen.

Accurate and detailed description of a known type of outbreak that could likely occur in the setting and uses statistics to describe its history and current trend of incidence and prevalence.Outbreak described but with inconsistencies, or as unlikely to occur in the setting. Uses statistics to describe history or trend of incidence and/or prevalence.Outbreak not described or description is entirely off base factually. Stats not used to describe the outbreak.

Function in the event of an outbreak.

Describes workable role for this professional in this outbreak, in significant detail, protection of self, staff, other patients, etc.Lacks detail, inappropriate role, or mismatched to type of outbreak. Protection described in a limited fashion.Role not described or has to be inferred from other comments. Protection not addressed.

Working with the media and public.

Describes how to educate the public, gain media cooperation, and gives a full narrative about what the public should do to protect self and others, and how to treat if affected, using language that avoids panic.Description of public or media response lacks detail, or is less than workable. Narrative to public about protecting self and others and steps to treat is sketchy.Reader cannot tell what the student intends to do about public or media response. No narrative regarding how to protect self and others.

Epidemiologic traps.

Correctly identifies one of the epidemiologic traps presented in the course, gives a correct example of it, and a workable strategy to avoid.Description of the epi trap has inconsistencies, or the plan to avoid it has flaws.Example of epi trap, if given, is not correct or unlikely to occur in the setting.

Criteria

10 Points

8-9 Points

7-5 Points

4 Points

Apply the 10 steps of outbreak investigation.

Strongly applies all of the 10 steps model, to this outbreak and incorporates disease specific information into each step.Applies most of the 10 steps model, to this outbreak and incorporates disease specific information into each step.Description of outbreak response model is inconsistent or incomplete; information is lacking.Reader cannot reasonably discern that an outbreak response model is applied.

Criteria

5 Points

4 Points

3-2 Points

1-0 Points

APA format: margins, font, etc.

Less than one correction per page.One to two corrections per page, deduction depends on seriousness of errors.Three to five corrections per page, deduction depends on seriousness of errors.Frequent corrections made; not adhering to graduate level expectations.

Grammar, tense, punctuation, noun/verb agreement sentence structure.

Less than one correction per page.One to two corrections per page, depending on seriousness of errors.Three to five corrections per page, deduction depends on seriousness of errors.Frequent corrections made; not adhering to graduate level expectations.

Total Points

5