Please use apa format. Please do 200 to 300 world maximun
2. Using the recommendations for the US preventive task force “ the guide to preventive services 2014” please choose 2 screening tools and listed below you feel are the most importance in advanced clinical practice.
. Population
Respond to the prompts below in full sentences. Be sure to use standard English grammar and spelling: AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY
Based on the previous post answer these questions.
Describe the process of a retrospective chart review. How are these data collected? How would you access the data? What is the validity and reliability of these data? What steps would you need to take to ensure these data were accurately pulled from the database? 1 page, 2 sources, APA.
THE JOB IS TO REPLY WITH A COMMENT TO EACH POST, POST 1 AND POST 2. WITH 2 COMPLETED (EDUCATIONAL REFERENCE) includidig retrival or doi, IN APA WITH CITATION ABOVE 2013 PER COMMENT.
POST 1
Comprehensive Integrated Psychiatric Assessment
Following recent research, the level of mental health problems among children and adolescents has risen dramatically (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The present-day life and current associations within the society contribute greatly to these adversities. Culture, environmental exposure, social and economic status are frequent predisposing factors to mental and behavioral disorders. For example, domestic violence, sexual assault and the rising prevalence of divorces are the most common causes of mental health problems among the youth (American Psychiatric Association, 2013. Nonetheless, assessing and treating children and adolescents is very challenging. Psychiatric mental health nursing practitioners (PMHNPs) ought to be patient and diligent when practicing mental assessments to this type of clients.
Based on the YMH Boston Vignette 4 Video
What did the practitioner do well?
At the beginning of the session, the nursing practitioner expresses his respect for the nursing code of ethics, conduct and autonomy. This is a good approach since it assures the client of his protection and the nondisclosure of his/her health information. Additionally, the nursing practitioner was keen to establish a sense of rapport between himself and his client. This was necessary to necessitate voluntary and ease of information sharing.
In what areas can the practitioner improve?
The nursing practitioner fails to warm-up the client at the start of the interview. It is advisable to start with a casual conversation before jumping into the main point (Kaplan, 2016). Failure to this (as evident in the Boston Vignette 4 Video) the patient keeps his guard up and even suggest that his mother should answer some of the PMHNP’s question. Also, it is imperative to
apply cognitive testing to help determine the client’s mental status at the time of visit (Kaplan, 2016). Contrary to this aspect, the PMHNP appears more interested in the patient’s history than his current status. Ideally, the PMHNP should improve on the areas noted above.
At this point in the clinical interview, do you have any compelling concerns? If so, what are they?
The nursing practitioner in the YMH Boston Vignette 4 Video seats causally and speaks rather sparingly. In comparison to the PMHNP in the YMH Boston vignette 1 video the practitioner seats and speaks directly to the client to capture his attention and cognitive status. This makes his client attentive unlike the patient in video 4. As a matter of facts, the practitioner shares a little enthusiasm in the client’s interests (basketball) to help improve the mood of the interview and consequently, derive more information (Merrell, 2013).
What would be your next question and why?
Question: Do you often lose temper on people other than your mum?
This question is necessary to help determine the specific triggers of the client’s anger. If the answer is ‘NO’, then it’s true that the mum triggers his anger through excessive pressure and nagging. However, if the answer is ‘YES’, then the frequent loss of temper would qualify as one of the symptom for mental health conditions such as intermittent explosive disorder (Kulper, Kleiman, McCloskey, Berman & Coccaro 2015).
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Pub.
Kaplan, B. J. (2016). Kaplan and Sadock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry. Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 58(1), 78-79.
Kulper, D. A., Kleiman, E. M., McCloskey, M. S., Berman, M. E., & Coccaro, E. F. (2015). The experience of aggressive outbursts in intermittent explosive disorder. Psychiatry research, 225(3), 710-715.
Merrell, K. (2013). Behavioral, social, and emotional assessment of children and adolescents. Routledge.
POST 2
Comprehensive Integrated Psychiatric Assessment of an adolescent
What did the practitioner do well?
In the YMH Boston Vignette 4 YouTube Video, the therapist was professional by telling the teenager at the beginning of the session of the right of confidentiality and privacy unless he has suicidal or homicidal thoughts. This information built a good rapport and trust with the client which then enabled him to share his feelings. The adolescent may be worried about confidentiality, and clinicians can reassure them that approval will be requested from them before any detailed information is shared with parents, except situations involving danger to self or others (Price, 2017). The practitioner built a good rapport with the client by making good eye contact, trying to focus more on the client and not the parents, as well as asking him about his hobbies. Rapport is built by enabling patients to feel easiness during stressful situations. The practitioner also does a good job as he allows the client to explore his feelings. “When adolescents become able to cope with the controversial and problematic situations, anger affects self-perception because it is displayed in a situation where individuals are restrained or challenged” (Lok & Bademli, 2018). Moreover, the practitioner asked about his school and by asking him about what he liked doing after school.
In what areas can the practitioner improve?
The therapist needs improvement is communication because he did not introduce himself to the patient at the beginning of the video. In addition, the therapist was not firm with his statements as he agreed mostly with the client putting faults oh his mother. The client just wants someone to listen to him which explains why he praised his girlfriend because she listens to him. The practitioner failed to find out why the client thinks his mom is irritating. Moreover, the practitioner needs to improve on listening skills as a lot of time was spent taking notes during the interview which can be distracting for both the therapist and the patients. The practitioner could have politely asked the patient if it is okay for him to take notes during the session and explain the reason for that.
At this point in the clinical interview, do you have any compelling concerns? If so, what are they?
A very important compelling concern is to inquire if the client feels safe at home with his mother. In addition, medications being taken by the client and psychiatric history and, lastly coping skills.
What would be your next question, and why?
I would ask the client about the possibility of having a family session which could be beneficial by making the people involved understand themselves more. It is important for the therapist to remain neutral and validate each family member`s feeling with the goal to improve communication among them and enable the therapist to develop an appropriate care plan for the client (Renee, & Ballas, 2018). Lastly, the next question would have been the practitioner to find out if the client is using drugs or having any suicidal or homicidal thoughts.
References
Lok, N., Bademli, K. (2018). The effects of anger management education on adolescents’ manner of displaying anger and self-esteem: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 32(1), p. 75-81.
Price, B. (2017). Developing patient rapport, trust, and therapeutic relationships. Nursing Standard. 31(50), p. 52-65.
Renee, W., & Ballas, P. (2018). Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation for Children. N.p.: University of Rochester Medical Center. Retrieved from https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P02564
Review the types of data that are considered protected health information (PHI). Do you plan to collect any of this data during your project? How would the collection of this data affect your project (whether you plan to collect it or not)? 1 page, 2 sources, APA.
In a perfect world, research studies would be flawless however, that is not typically the case. Inherently, flaws exist related to study design, how the study is conducted, and also the manner in which research is reported. “Given that research is not perfect, users of research must learn to carefully evaluate research reports to determine their worth to practice through critical appraisal” (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2015, p. 92-93). Factors that need to be assessed when critically appraising quantitative studies include validity, reliability and applicability (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2015).
The validity of a study relates to obtaining results from utilizing sound methods which are scientific. Bias and confounding variables can compromise validity of a study. Bias can occur at any stage of the process but while assessing the reliability of the results one must look at if the study was systematic, grounded in theory, and criteria was followed for all of the processes. If so, then the study, more than likely, is valid and reliable. Clinicians need the ability to interpret the results so they can implement EBP into their practice (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). “Whether we are interpreting the research studies of others, or designing our own, we need a good understanding of research design and an ability to recognize weaknesses in intervention studies which may reduce the reliability of study findings” (Ebbels, 2017, p. 229). Although each factor is important to quality research, I feel the most important factor is the applicability to practice. Having the ability to appraise research, which is evidence-based, and implement EBP interventions with our patients is essential in promoting optimal patient outcomes.
References
Ebbels, S. H. (2017). Intervention research: Appraising study designs, interpreting findings and creating research in clinical practice. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 19(3), 218-231. https://doi.org/https://doi-org.arbor.idm.oclc.org/10.1080/17549507.2016.1276215
LoBiondo-Wood, G., & Haber, J. (2014). Nursing research: Methods and critical appraisal for evidence-based practice (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier.
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2015). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice (3rd ed.). Retrieved from Amazon Kindle App
What are the assumptions for a t-test? How should these be run? Do you want to see a p value of <0.05? Why or why not? 1 page, 2 sources, APA
