Legal and Medical Ethics

A. Research and define the following terms as they relate to the legal and medical ethics presented in the story My Sister’s Keeper. These are the central issues needed to base a medical opinion about any case in court. (12 points)

Medical Ethics:

  • Autonomy
  • Veracity
  • Fidelity
  • Beneficence
  • Non-maleficence
  • Justice

B. Using these as 6 criterion, describe how each of these characteristics related back to the legal arguments and behaviors exhibited by the prosecuting and defense attorneys in this case Legal and Medical Ethics. (12 points)

C. Then, in two to three paragraphs, describe the moral, practical, and emotional complication of putting one child in unnecessary pain and danger for the well-being of another? (6 points)

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assignment 2 

A. Research the two following topics and write a one page summary of your findings for the two scenarios: (5 points each)

1. Stem cell research for reproduction of a designer child whose sole purpose is to be a donor to a sick child.

2. Parents who decide, for religious and moral issues, to preserve umbilical cords for use in the future to potentially save a life.

B. Write a one page summary for the questions asked below. (10 points)

1. What are the moral and ethical implications of this genetic selection?

2. What conclusions have you reached about such medical technology? Legal and Medical Ethics

IMPACT OF NURSING INFORMATICS ON PATIENTS OUTCOMES


Nature offers many examples of specialization and collaboration. Ant colonies and bee hives are but two examples of nature’s sophisticated organizations. Each thrives because their members specialize by tasks, divide labor, and collaborate to ensure food, safety, and general well-being of the colony or hive.

Of course, humans don’t fare too badly in this regard either. And healthcare is a great example. As specialists in the collection, access, and application of data, nurse informaticists collaborate with specialists on a regular basis to ensure that appropriate data is available to make decisions and take actions to ensure the general well-being of patients IMPACT OF NURSING INFORMATICS ON PATIENTS OUTCOMES.

In this Discussion, you will reflect on your own observations of and/or experiences with informaticist collaboration. You will also propose strategies for how these collaborative experiences might be improved.

To Prepare:

  • Review the Resources and reflect on the evolution of nursing informatics from a science to a nursing specialty.
  • Consider your experiences with nurse Informaticists or technology specialists within your healthcare organization.

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Post a description of experiences or observations about how nurse informaticists and/or data or technology specialists interact with other professionals within your healthcare organization.

Suggest at least one strategy on how these interactions might be improved. Be specific and provide examples.

Then, explain the impact you believe the continued evolution of nursing informatics as a specialty and/or the continued emergence of new technologies might have on professional interactions.

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

  • Chapter 25, “The Art of Caring in Technology-Laden Environments” (pp. 525–535)
  • Chapter 26, “Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge” (pp. 537–551)

In the Discussion for this module, you considered the interaction of nurse informaticists with other specialists to ensure successful care. How is that success determined?

Patient outcomes and the fulfillment of care goals is one of the major ways that healthcare success is measured. Measuring patient outcomes results in the generation of data that can be used to improve results. Nursing informatics can have a significant part in this process and can help to improve outcomes by improving processes, identifying at-risk patients, and enhancing efficiency.

To Prepare:

  • Review the concepts of technology application as presented in the Resources.
  • Reflect on how emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence may help fortify nursing informatics as a specialty by leading to increased impact on patient outcomes or patient care efficiencies IMPACT OF NURSING INFORMATICS ON PATIENTS OUTCOMES.

The Assignment: (4-5 pages)

In a 4- to 5-page project proposal written to the leadership of your healthcare organization, propose a nursing informatics project for your organization that you advocate to improve patient outcomes or patient-care efficiency. Your project proposal should include the following:

  • Describe the project you propose.
  • Identify the stakeholders impacted by this project.
  • Explain the patient outcome(s) or patient-care efficiencies this project is aimed at improving and explain how this improvement would occur. Be specific and provide examples.
  • Identify the technologies required to implement this project and explain why.
  • Identify the project team (by roles) and explain how you would incorporate the nurse informaticist in the project team IMPACT OF NURSING INFORMATICS ON PATIENTS OUTCOMES.

Addressing the Health Care Needs of Citizens

Research a health care organization or a network that spans several states within the U.S. (Example: United Healthcare, Vanguard, Banner Healthcare, etc.).

Harvard Business Review Online and Hoover’s Company Records, found in the GCU Library, are useful sources. You may also find pertinent information on your organization’s webpage.

Review “Singapore Airlines Case Study.”

Prepare a 1,000-1250-word paper that focuses on the organization or network you have selected.

Your essay should assess the readiness of the health care organization or network in addressing the health care needs of citizens in the next decade, and include a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to network growth, nurse staffing, resource management, and patient satisfaction. Provide a comparison to the health care organization or network and the Singapore Airlines. Include any cultural issues that may influence the practices listed above.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required Addressing the Health Care Needs of Citizens.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

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You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. 

  Rubric

1. Case study assesses the readiness of the health care organization or network in addressing the health care needs of citizens in the next decade is offered in detail, while demonstrating higher level thinking by incorporating prior learning or reflective thought. 30%

2. Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to network growth; is offered in detail, while demonstrating higher level thinking by incorporating prior learning or reflective thought. 10%

3. Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to nurse staffing is offered in detail, while demonstrating higher level thinking by incorporating prior learning or reflective thought. 10%

4. Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to resource management is offered in detail, while demonstrating higher level thinking by incorporating prior learning or reflective thought. 10%

5. Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to patient satisfaction is offered in detail, while demonstrating higher level thinking by incorporating prior learning or reflective thought. 10%

6. A detailed and clear discussion is presented comparing a health care organization or network and Singapore Airlines. 5%

7. Cultural issues influencing proposed practices are thoroughly discussed. Detailed information and support is provided to establish how these influence the proposed practices. 5%

8. Thesis and/or main claim are comprehensive; contained within the thesis is the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear. 5% Addressing the Health Care Needs of Citizens

9. There is a sophisticated construction of paragraphs and transitions. Ideas progress and relate to each other. Paragraph and transition construction guide the reader. Paragraph structure is seamless. 5%

10. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English. 5%

11. All format elements are correct. 2%

12. In-text citations and a reference page are complete. The documentation of cited sources is free of error. 3%

HUMAN EXPERIENCE ACROSS THE HEALTH ILLNESS CONTINUUM


Details:

The benchmark assesses the following competency: HUMAN EXPERIENCE ACROSS THE HEALTH ILLNESS CONTINUUM

Benchmark: 5.1. Understand the human experience across the health-illness continuum.

Research the health-illness continuum and its relevance to patient care. In a 750-1,000 word paper, discuss the relevance of the continuum to patient care and present a perspective of your current state of health in relation to the wellness spectrum. Include the following:

  1. Examine the health-illness continuum and discuss why this perspective is important to consider in relation to health and the human experience when caring for patients.
  2. Reflect on your overall state of health. Discuss what behaviors support or detract from your health and well-being. Explain where you currently fall on the health-illness continuum.
  3. Discuss the options and resources available to you to help you move toward wellness on the health-illness spectrum. Describe how these would assist in moving you toward wellness (managing a chronic disease, recovering from an illness, self-actualization, etc.).

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

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This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion HUMAN EXPERIENCE ACROSS THE HEALTH ILLNESS CONTINUUM. 

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

Benchmark – Human Experience Across the Health-Illness Continuum  

1
Unsatisfactory
0.00%

2
Less than Satisfactory
75.00%

3
Satisfactory
79.00%

4
Good
89.00%

5
Excellent
100.00%

80.0 %Content HUMAN EXPERIENCE ACROSS THE HEALTH ILLNESS CONTINUUM

ACADEMIC SUCCESS AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Architect Daniel Libeskind is credited with saying “To provide meaningful architecture is not to parody history, but to articulate it.” The suggestion is that his work does not copy the efforts of others but relies on it.

Understanding the work of others is critically important to new work. Contributions to the nursing body of knowledge can happen when you are able to analyze and articulate the efforts of previous research. Research analysis skills are therefore critical tools for your toolbox.

In this Assignment, you will locate relevant existing research. You also will analyze this research using a tool helpful for analysis ACADEMIC SUCCESS AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT.

To Prepare:

Reflect on the strategies presented in the Resources this Module’s Learning Resources in support of locating and analyzing research.

 Read one peer-reviewed research article focused on a topic in your specialty field that interests you.

Review the article you selected and reflect on the professional practice use of theories/concepts described by the article.

The Assignment:

Using the “Module 4 | Part 4” section of your Academic Success and Professional Development Plan Template presented in the Resources, conduct an analysis of the elements of the research article you identified. Be sure to include the following:

Your topic of interest:  The effect of anxiety and depression on completion/withdrawal status in patients admitted to substance abuse detoxification program.

 References

Araujo, L., Goldberg, P., Eyma, J., Madhusoodanan, S., Buff, D. D., Shamim, K., & Brenner, R. (1996). The effect of anxiety and depression on completion/withdrawal status in patients admitted to substance abuse detoxification program. Journal Of Substance Abuse Treatment, 13(1), 61–66. Retrieved from https://search-ebscohost-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mnh&AN=8699544&site=ehost-live&scope=site

A correctly formatted APA citation of the article you selected, along  A correctly formatted APA citation of t 

  • A correctly formatted APA citation of the article you selected, along with link or search details.
  • Identify a professional practice use of the theories/concepts presented in the article.
  • Analysis of the article using the “Research Analysis Matrix” section of the template
  • Write a 1-paragraph justification stating whether you would recommend this article to inform professional practice ACADEMIC SUCCESS AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT.
  • Write a 2- to 3-paragraph summary that you will add to your Academic Success and Professional Development Plan that includes the following:
    • Describe your approach to identifying and analyzing peer-reviewed research.
    • Identify at least two strategies that you would use that you found to be effective in finding peer-reviewed research.
    • Identify at least one resource you intend to use in the future to find peer-reviewed research.

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Note:Add your work for this Assignment to the original document you began in the Module 1 Assignment, which was built from theAcademic Success and Professional Development Plan Template.he article you selected, along with link or search details.

  •  

Identify a professional practice use of the theories/concepts presented in the article.

Analysis of the article using the “Research Analysis Matrix” section of the template

Write a 1-paragraph justification stating whether you would recommend this article to inform professional practice.

Write a 2- to 3-paragraph summary that you will add to your Academic Success and Professional Development Plan that includes the following:

Describe your approach to identifying and analyzing peer-reviewed research.

Identify at least two strategies that you would use that you found to be effective in finding peer-reviewed research.

Identify at least one resource you intend to use in the future to find peer-reviewed research.

Note: Add your work for this Assignment to the original document you began in the Module 1 Assignment, which was built from the Academic Success and Professional Development Plan Template.

The effect of anxiety and depression o K., & Brenner, R. (1996).

The effect of anxiety and depression on completion/withdrawal status in patients admitted to substance abuse detoxification program. Journal Of Substance Abuse Treatment, 13(1), 61–66. Retrieved from https://&AN=8699544&site=ehost-live&scA correctly formatted APA citation of the article you selected, along with link or search details ACADEMIC SUCCESS AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT.

Nursing Informatics-Related Healthcare Policy

As a professional nurse, you are expected to apply your expertise to patient care. On occasion, you will also be expected to share that expertise.

With evolving technology and continuous changes to regulations designed to keep up these changes, there is usually a need to share information and expertise to inform colleagues, leadership, patients, and other stakeholders.

In this Assignment, you will study a recent nursing informatics-related healthcare policy, and you will share the relevant details via a fact sheet designed to inform and educate Nursing Informatics-Related Healthcare Policy.

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To Prepare:

  • Review the Resources on healthcare policy and regulatory/legislative topics related to health and nursing informatics.
  • Consider the role of the nurse informaticist in relation to a healthcare organization’s compliance with various policies and regulations, such as the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA).
  • Research and select one health or nursing informatics policy (within the past 5 years) or regulation for further study.

The Assignment: (1 page)

Create a 1-page fact sheet that your healthcare organization could hypothetically use to explain the health or nursing informatics policy/regulation you selected. Your fact sheet should address the following:

  • Briefly and generally explain the policy or regulation you selected.
  • Address the impact of the policy or regulation you selected on system implementation.
  • Address the impact of the policy or regulation you selected on clinical care, patient/provider interactions, and workflow.
  • Highlight organizational policies and procedures that are/will be in place at your healthcare organization to address the policy or regulation you selected. Be specific Nursing Informatics-Related Healthcare Policy.

DIABETES AND DRUG TREATMENT

Diabetes is an endocrine system disorder that affects millions of children and adults (ADA, 2011). If left untreated, diabetic patients are at risk for several alterations including heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, neuropathy, and blindness.

There are various methods for treating diabetes, many of which include some form of drug therapy. The type of diabetes as well as the patient’s behavior factors will impact treatment recommendations. In this Assignment, you compare types of diabetes including drug treatments for type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes.

To prepare:

· Review this week’s media presentation on the endocrine system and diabetes, as well as Chapter 46 of the Arcangelo and Peterson text and the Peterson et al. article in the Learning Resources.

· Reflect on differences between types of diabetes including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes.

· Select one type of diabetes DIABETES AND DRUG TREATMENT.

· Consider one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Then, reflect on dietary considerations related to treatment.

· Think about the short-term and long-term impact of the diabetes you selected on patients including effects of drug treatments.

Write a 2- to 3- page paper that addresses the following:

· Explain the differences between types of diabetes including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes.

· Describe one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Include dietary considerations related to treatment.

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· Explain the short-term and long-term impact of this diabetes on patients including effects of drugs treatments.

– This work should have Introduction and conclusion

– This work should have at 4 to 6 current references (Year 2012 and up)

– Use at least 2 references from class Learning Resources

The following Resources are not acceptable:

1. Wikipedia

2. Cdc.gov- nonhealthcare professionals section

3. Webmd.com

4. Mayoclinic.com

Required Readings

**Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.). (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

  • Chapter 36, “Osteoarthritis      and Rheumatoid Arthritis” (pp. 591-609)
         This chapter examines the causes, pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria      of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It then outlines the process      of selecting, administering, and managing drug therapy for both disorders.
  • Chapter 46, “Diabetes      Mellitus” (pp. 785-806)
         This chapter begins by identifying the causes, pathophysiology, and      diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus. It then examines the process of      selecting, administering, and managing drug therapy for patients with      diabetes mellitus.
  • Chapter 47, “Thyroid Disorders” (pp.      809-822)
         This chapter explores the causes, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria,      and administration of drug therapy for patients with thyroid disorders,      including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules, subclinical thyroid      disease, and thyroiditis. It also discusses the mechanisms of prescribed      drugs, as well as proper dosages and potential adverse reactions.

**Ben-Zacharia, A. (2011). Therapeutics for multiple sclerosis symptoms. The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 78(2), 176–191. 

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article covers the diagnosis, treatment, and management of multiple sclerosis and explores methods for treating other health issues that arise from multiple sclerosis.

**Kargiotis, O., Paschali, A., Messinis, L., & Papathanasopoulos, P. (2010). Quality of life in multiple sclerosis: Effects of current treatment options. International Review of Psychiatry, 22(1), 67–82.

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article examines the process of evaluating and diagnosing patients who present with symptoms of multiple sclerosis and explores treatment and rehabilitation methods.

**Peterson, K., Silverstein, J., Kaufman, F., & Warren-Boulton, E. (2007). Management of type 2 diabetes in youth: An update. American Family Physician, 76(5), 658–664. 

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article outlines the process of diagnosing, treating, and managing youths with or at risk of type 2 diabetes. It also suggests methods for body weight management and reducing cardiovascular disease risks.

**Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.drugs.com/

This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.

Required Media

**Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012). The endocrine system and diabetes. Baltimore, MD: Author. https://class.waldenu.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/USW1/201870_27/MS_NURS/NURS_6521/adobePresenter/Week06/index.htm

This media presentation explores the endocrine system and diabetes including diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 5 minutes.

**Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012). Advanced pharmacology – Mid-course review. Baltimore, MD: Author DIABETES AND DRUG TREATMENT.

Abnormal Findings in Patients

 In this Discussion, you will consider case studies that describe abnormal findings in patients seen in a clinical setting. 

 By Day 1 of this week, your Instructor will have assigned you to one of the following specific case studies for this Discussion.

Also, your Discussion post should be in the Episodic/Focused SOAP Note format, rather than the traditional narrative style Discussion posting format.

Refer to Chapter 2 of the Sullivan text and the Episodic/Focused SOAP Template in the Week 5 Learning Resources for guidance. Remember that all Episodic/Focused SOAP notes have specific data included in every patient case. 

Case 3: Drooping of Face

A 33-year-old female comes to your clinic alarmed about sudden “drooping” on the right side of the face that began this morning. She complains of excessive tearing and drooling on her right side as well. Abnormal Findings in Patients

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To prepare:

With regard to the case study you were assigned:

  • Review this week’s Learning Resources, and consider the insights they provide about the case study.
  • Consider what history would be necessary to collect from the patient in the case study you were assigned.
  • Consider what physical exams and diagnostic tests would be appropriate to gather more information about the patient’s condition. How would the results be used to make a diagnosis?
  • Identify at least five possible conditions that may be considered in a differential diagnosis for the patient.

Case 3: Drooping of Face

A 33-year-old female comes to your clinic alarmed about sudden “drooping” on the right side of the face that began this morning. She complains of excessive tearing and drooling on her right side as well.

To prepare:

With regard to the case study you were assigned:

  • Review this week’s Learning Resources, and consider the insights they provide about the case study.
  • Consider what history would be necessary to collect from the patient in the case study you were assigned.
  • Consider what physical exams and diagnostic tests would be appropriate to gather more information about the patient’s condition. How would the results be used to make a diagnosis?
  • Identify at least five possible conditions that may be considered in a differential diagnosis for the patient Abnormal Findings in Patients.

PICOT AND LITERATURE SEARCH

The first step of the evidence‐based practice process is to evaluate a nursing practice environment to identify a nursing problem in the clinical area. When a nursing problem is discovered, the nurse researcher develops a clinical guiding question to address that nursing practice problem.

For this assignment, you will create a clinical guiding question know as a PICOT question. The PICOT question must be relevant to a nursing practice problem. To support your PICOT question, identify six supporting peer‐revised research articles, as indicated below. The PICOT question and six peer‐reviewed research articles you choose will be utilized for subsequent assignments.

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Use the “Literature Evaluation Table” to complete this assignment.

  1. Select a nursing practice problem of interest to use as the focus of your research (use hypertension as a topic/problem). Start with the patient population and identify a clinical problem or issue that arises from the patient population. In 200–250 words, provide a summary of the clinical issue.
  2. Following the PICOT format, write a PICOT question in your selected nursing practice problem area of interest. The PICOT question should be applicable to your proposed capstone project (the project students must complete during their final course in the RN‐BSN program of study).
  3. The PICOT question will provide a framework for your capstone project. 
  4. Conduct a literature search to locate six research articles focused on your selected nursing practice problem of interest. This literature search should include three quantitative and three qualitative peer‐reviewed research articles to support your nursing practice problem. PICOT AND LITERATURE SEARCH

Challenges of Providing Health Care


    Many people, most of them in tropical countries of the Third World, die of preventable, curable diseases. . . . Malaria, tuberculosis, acute lower-respiratory infections—in 1998, these claimed 6.1 million lives. People died because the drugs to treat those illnesses are nonexistent or are no longer effective. They died because it doesn’t pay to keep them alive Challenges of Providing Health Care.

    –Ken Silverstein, Millions for Viagra. Pennies for Diseases of the Poor, The Nation, July 19, 1999

Unfortunately, since 1998, little has changed. For many individuals living in impoverished underdeveloped countries, even basic medical care is difficult to obtain. Although international agencies sponsor outreach programs and corporations, and although nonprofit organizations donate goods and services, the level of health care remains far below what is necessary to meet the needs of struggling populations.

Polluted water supplies, unsanitary conditions, and poor nutrition only exacerbate the poor health prevalent in these environments. Nurses working in developed nations have many opportunities/advantages that typically are not available to those in underdeveloped countries. What can nurses do to support their international colleagues and advocate for the poor and underserved of the world?

In this Discussion, you will consider the challenges of providing health care for the world’s neediest citizens, as well as how nurses can advocate for these citizens.

                                                  To prepare:

    Consider the challenges of providing health care in underdeveloped countries.

    Conduct research in the Walden Library and other reliable resources to determine strategies being used to address these challenges.

    Using this week’s Learning Resources, note the factors that impact the ability of individuals in underdeveloped nations to obtain adequate health care.

    Consider strategies nurses can use to advocate for health care at the global level. What can one nurse do to make a difference?

CITE AT LEAST 3 REFERENCES

                                        Required Readings

    Knickman, J. R., & Kovner, A. R. (Eds.). (2015). Health care delivery in the united states (11th ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing.

        Chapter 4, “Comparative Health Systems” (pp. 53–72)

        The chapter showcases different models of health care systems in order to help policymakers and managers critically assess and improve health care in the United States.

        Chapter 10, “The Health Workforce” (pp. 213–225)

        Review this section of Chapter 10, which details health workforce issues for nurses and nurse practitioners.

    Milstead,  J. A. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.).  Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

        Chapter 11, “The Impact of Globalization: Nurses Influencing Global Health Policy” (pp. 192-204)

        This chapter addresses how the health status of individuals and populations around the world can affect policymaking in a country Challenges of Providing Health Care.

    Bloch, G., Rozmovits, L., & Giambrone, B. (2011). Barriers to primary care responsiveness to poverty as a risk factor for health. BMC Family Practice, 12(1), 62–67.

    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

    This article details a qualitative study that was conducted to explore the barriers to primary care responsiveness to poverty. The authors explicate a variety of health impacts attributable to poverty.

    Harrowing, J. N. (2009). The impact of HIV education on the lives of Ugandan nurses and nurse-midwives. Advances in Nursing Science, 32(2), E94–E108.

    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

    This article explores the impact of an HIV/AIDS education program for Ugandan nurses and nurse-midwives. The author details the motivations behind the program and recommendations for the future.

    Koplan, J. P., Bond, C., Merson, M. H., Reddy, K. S., Rodriquez, M. H., Sewankambo, N. K., & Wasserheit, J. N. (2009). Towards a common definition of global health. The Lancet, 373(9679), 1993–1995.

    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

    This article provides a full description of the components that comprise global health care in detail.

    Gapminder. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.gapminder.org

    This website explains statistical graphs and tables of life expectancy and incomes around the world.

    Global Health Council. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.globalhealth.org

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    This website houses the productivity and efforts of the Global Health Council as the world’s largest alliance dedicated to improving health throughout the world.

    Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation: U.S. Global Health Policy. (2010). Retrieved from http://kff.org/globaldata/

    This website focuses on major health care issues facing the United States, as well as the U.S. role in global health policy.

    International Council of Nurses. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.icn.ch/

    This website documents the efforts of the International Council of Nurses to ensure quality nursing care for all, as well as sound health policies globally through the advancement of nursing knowledge and presence worldwide.

    United Nations Statistics Division. (2011). Retrieved from http://unstats.un.org/unsd/default.htm

    This website examines global statistical information compiled by the United Nations Statistics Division.

    University of Pittsburgh Center for Global Health. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.globalhealth.pitt.edu/

    This website analyzes health issues that affect populations around the globe through research at the University of Pittsburgh.

    The World Bank (n.d.) The costs of attaining the millennium development goals. Retrieved from http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/Global/News%20Announcements/Crossing-the-Quality-Chasm-The-IOM-Health-Care-Quality-Initiative.aspx.

    This article states that many countries will have to reform their policies and improve service delivery to make additional spending effective because the additional aid for education and health with not be enough Challenges of Providing Health Care.