Limited Access to Healthcare Paper

Socratic Problem-Solving Approach The Socratic Method is a teaching style in which teachers ask students questions designed to stimulate more complete thinking and deeper insight. It also relates to the steps of performing scientific research. When the Socratic approach is applied, students are prompted to look more closely at your ideas, question your assumptions and accepted premises, and view your choices through a rigorous lens. Apply the Socratic approach Applying the Socratic approach to problem solving helps you identify gaps and improve your thinking when writing papers or completing projects. The questions may be used to spark new insights when responding to discussion topics and posts. • • • • • • Identify the elements of the problem, issue, or question Analyze, define, and frame the problem, issue, or question Consider solutions, responses, or answers Choose a solution, response, or answer Implement your choice Evaluate the results Socratic problem-solving references Paul, R., & Elder., L. (2006) The miniature guide to critical thinking concepts & tools (4th ed.). Dillon Beach, CA: The Foundation for Critical Thinking. Wertheim, E. G. (n.d.). A model for case analysis and problem solving. College of Business Administration, Northeastern University. Retrieved August 7, 2007, from http://web.cba.neu.edu/ewertheim/introd/cases.htm (Material no longer available at this link.) *Source: Dictionary.com RELATED RESOURCES Apply critical thinking Learn more about applying the Socratic approach when creating discussion posts. Socratic problem-solving approach Identify gaps and improve your thinking when writing a course paper or completing a project. Practice Activity Use the Socratic approach when responding to a discussion question. Running head: APPLYING RESEARCH SKILLS Applying Research Skills Learner’s Name Capella University Developing a Health Care Perspective Applying Research Skills February, 2018 Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited. 1 Comment [A1]: You effectively used the APA Template paper format. APPLYING RESEARCH SKILLS 2 Applying Research Skills With the advent of new technologies and treatment methods, health care organizations are facing many challenges. Patient safety is one such challenge that needs to be addressed not only by health care professionals but also by other stakeholders in the business. Ensuring patient safety is essential for providing quality health care. As a medical transcriptionist, I am responsible for converting voice-recorded reports of health care professionals into text. Although I am not directly involved in treating patients, any errors that occur during the transcription process could result in inaccurate documentation of medical data. For example, one of my colleagues documented the dosage of Lasix as 400 mg instead of 40 mg in a discharge summary. When the health care professional who had dictated the report reviewed it, he was able to spot the error in the dosage and correct it, which helped prevent the patient from having a dangerous reaction to the incorrect dosage. This incident helped me realize the importance of preparing accurate documents for ensuring patient safety and delivering quality care. I developed a keen interest in issues relating to patient safety ever since. Identifying Academic Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles Using Summon, Capella University Library’s search engine, I accessed databases relating to health care, such as ProQuest Central and PubMed Central. I used keywords such as health care issues, patient safety, and quality of care to search for peer-reviewed literature relevant to patient safety. Using the advanced search option, I limited my search to scholarly and peerreviewed journals, choosing journal article as the publication type, medicine and nursing as the subjects, and articles published within the last five years as the publication date range. Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited. Comment [A2]: You effectively summarized a health care problem and described an interest in the topic, and provided an informative example. APPLYING RESEARCH SKILLS 3 Assessing Credibility and Relevance of Information Sources Comment [A3]: Sub-headers are a helpful resource to use to organize your writing! To ensure credibility, I selected peer-reviewed journal articles that were published within the past five years. I made sure that the selected sources were published by authors who were well-known in the field of health care and had extensive professional experience. Comment [A4]: As you noted, it is best to select current peer-reviewed academic journal articles to ensure current practices. To ensure that the chosen sources of information were relevant to the topic, I confirmed that they contained accepted facts and opinions on issues relating to patient safety and quality care. I also checked whether each information source had a clearly defined purpose and contained pertinent information about patient safety and quality care. Annotated Bibliography Kronick, R., Arnold, S., & Brady, J. (2016, August 2). Improving safety for hospitalized patients: Much progress but many challenges remain. The JAMA Network, 316(5), 489–490. Retrieved from https://jamanetworkcom.library.capella.edu/journals/jama/fullarticle/2528945 This article provides a viewpoint on the progress that hospitals have made toward reducing patient harm and understand the factors that have led to this progress. The authors cite reports released by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) to analyze the occurrence of issues relating to patient safety in hospitals. The authors hypothesize that improvement in health care safety for hospitalized patients may have been possible because of reasons such as an awareness of the importance of improving safety culture with evidence-based suggestions. The authors conclude by expressing the need for finding ways to maintain or accelerate the rate of decline in adverse events relating to patient harm. They believe that Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited. Comment [A5]: In your annotation, you effectively identified the purpose of the article. APPLYING RESEARCH SKILLS 4 investing in patient safety research programs and ensuring that patient safety remains a high priority for hospital leadership teams can help reduce the number of adverse events. This article is relevant to patient safety because it examines evidence of reduction in patient harms in hospitals and offers approaches to reduce such harms. Morris, S., Otto, N. C., & Golemboski, K. (2013). Improving patient safety and healthcare quality in the 21st century—Competencies required of future medical laboratory science practitioners. Clinical Laboratory Science, 26(4), 200–204. Retrieved from https://searchproquestcom.library.capella.edu/docview/1530677721/fulltextPDF/CF6F9C5B900402CPQ/1?acc ountid=27965 In this article, the authors express their concern about health care professionals, particularly medical laboratory science (MLS) practitioners, being insufficiently trained to achieve the five core competencies that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) identified in 2002. The authors discuss ways to incorporate patient safety practices and concepts in the MLS curricula to ensure that future MLS practitioners are well-versed in the abovementioned competencies identified by the IOM. The authors conclude that by focusing on the aims and competencies identified by the IOM, future practitioners will be better equipped to deal with patient safety concerns while practicing MLS. This article was chosen because it offers a solution for dealing with patient safety issues and explains how patient safety concepts can be incorporated in the curricula for courses pertaining to Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited. Comment [A6]: In your annotation, you clearly summarized the main argument and the topics covered. APPLYING RESEARCH SKILLS 5 health care, such as MLS, to enable future health care practitioners to provide effective health care. Parand, A., Dopson, S., Renz, A., & Vincent, C. (2014). The role of hospital managers in quality and patient safety: A systematic review. BMJ Open, 4(9). http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005055 This article provides a systematic review of available empirical literature to understand how health care managers are involved in delivering quality health care and ensuring patient safety. Based on the literature review, the authors suggest that board-level managers should spend more than 25% of their time on patient safety and quality to ensure positive outcomes; however, most of the reviewed studies indicate that they spend much less time than that. The authors also present a quality management input process output (IPO) model, a framework that will help managers function effectively and achieve health care quality and safety. The authors conclude that there is a need to make certain changes in hospitals to ensure the active involvement of managers in quality improvement. The article is relevant to patient safety because it discusses the role of health care managers in influencing patient safety and quality care outcomes and also Comment [A7]: In your annotation, you effectively included the conclusions and findings of the article. proposes a model to help managers understand this role. Ulrich, B., & Kear, T. (2014). Patient safety and patient safety culture: Foundations of excellent health care delivery. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 41(5), 447–456, 505. Retrieved from https://search-proquest- Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited. Comment [A8]: You listed the full reference for the source in APA format (author, date, title, publisher, et cetera) and used APA format for the annotated bibliography. An impressive application of APA formatting! APPLYING RESEARCH SKILLS 6 com.library.capella.edu/docview/1617932572/fulltextPDF/1486CC30B3624B3CPQ/1?ac countid=27965 This article provides a general understanding of the concepts of patient safety and patient safety culture. The authors explain that the health care system is complex and patient safety is the responsibility of every individual in a health care organization. They discuss some tools that can be used to measure patient safety culture, for example, the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire and the Patient Safety Culture Improvement Tool. They also examine several strategies to encourage a patient safety culture, such as ensuring that patient safety is given as much importance as other core business functions. This article was chosen because it offers strategies for preventing adverse events relating to patient safety and emphasizes the importance of teamwork within a health care organization to ensure safe patient care. Learnings From the Research I gathered important facts and scholarly opinions about patient safety by going through peer-reviewed journal articles. This research enriched my knowledge about patient safety. For Comment [A9]: Peer-reviewed journal articles are validated sources. Outstanding article choices! example, after reading the article on improving safety for hospitalized patients by Kronick, Arnold, and Brady (2016), I learned about patient harms (such as catheter-associated urinary tract infections and pressure ulcers) that I was unaware of before this research. Further, by creating an annotated bibliography, I was able to build a repository of scholarly resources relating to patient safety. This will make it easier for me to choose relevant resources while writing the paper on issues concerning patient safety. Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited. Comment [A10]: You effectively summarized the main points learned from your research. APPLYING RESEARCH SKILLS 7 References Kronick, R., Arnold, S., & Brady, J. (2016, August 2). Improving safety for hospitalized patients: Much progress but many challenges remain. The JAMA Network, 316(5), 489–490. Retrieved from https://jamanetworkcom.library.capella.edu/journals/jama/fullarticle/2528945 Morris, S., Otto, N. C., & Golemboski, K. (2013). Improving patient safety and healthcare quality in the 21st century—Competencies required of future medical laboratory science practitioners. Clinical Laboratory Science, 26(4), 200–204. Retrieved from https://searchproquestcom.library.capella.edu/docview/1530677721/fulltextPDF/CF6F9C5B900402CPQ/1?acc ountid=27965 Parand, A., Dopson, S., Renz, A., & Vincent, C. (2014). The role of hospital managers in quality and patient safety: A systematic review. BMJ Open, 4(9). http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005055 Ulrich, B., & Kear, T. (2014). Patient safety and patient safety culture: Foundations of excellent health care delivery. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 41(5), 447–456, 505. Retrieved from https://search-proquestcom.library.capella.edu/docview/1617932572/fulltextPDF/1486CC30B3624B3CPQ/1?ac countid=27965 Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited. Chose one of the following topic, For this assessment, you will research best practices related to a current health care problem. Your selected problem or issue will be utilized again in Assessment 3. Topic 1: Limited Access to Healthcare Short Description: Consumers face barriers to healthcare access for assorted reasons. For example: due to geographic location, provider availability, transportation issues and mobility. Potential Intervention Approaches: • • • – Healthcare information online – Telemedicine – In–home healthcare services Keywords for Articles: online health information seeking, health care access, health information systems, consumer health information, chronic disease, health information search, health seeking behavior, rural nursing References: Bhandari, N. (2014). Seeking health information online: does limited healthcare access matter? Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA (1067-5027), 21 (6), p. 1113. https://wwwncbi-nlm-nih-gov.library.capella.edu/pmc/articles/PMC4215038/ Lee, K., Hoti, K., Hughes, J. D., & Emmerton, L. (2014). Dr Google and the Consumer: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Navigational Needs and Online Health Information-Seeking Behaviors of Consumers with Chronic Health Conditions. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16(12), e262. http://doi.org.library.capella.edu/10.2196/jmir.3706 Ware, P., Bartlett, S. J., Paré, G., Symeonidis, I., Tannenbaum, C., Bartlett, G., … Ahmed, S. (2017). Using eHealth Technologies: Interests, Preferences, and Concerns of Older Adults. Interactive Journal of Medical Research, 6(1), e3. http://doi.org.library.capella.edu/10.2196/ijmr.4447 Pratt, D. (2015). Telehealth and telemedicine. Albany Law Journal of Science & Technology. (10594280), 25 (3), p. 495. http://www.lexisnexis.com.library.capella.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/?shr=t&csi=148364&sr=TITLE( %22Telehealth+telemedicine+in+2015%22)+and+date+is+2015 Topic 2: Healthcare Disparities Short Description: In 2010, the Federal Department of Human and Health Service (DHHS) launched the Healthy People 2020 goals to include a goal to eliminate health inequality/disparity. Healthy People 2020 defines a health disparity as “a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage. Health disparities adversely affect groups of people who have systematically experienced greater obstacles to health based on their racial or ethnic group; religion; socioeconomic status; gender; age; mental health; cognitive, sensory, or physical disability; sexual orientation or gender identity; geographic location; or other characteristics historically linked to discrimination or exclusion” (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2017, p.1). Potential Intervention Approaches: • • • • – Federal goals – Community health improvement plans – Patient advocacy efforts – “Triple Aim” for populations Keywords for Articles: health disparities, community health assessment, community health improvement plan, strategic planning, local health departments, health inequities References: Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2017). Disparities. Retrieved from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/foundation-health-measures/disparities Shah G.H., & Sheahan J.P. (2016). Local health departments’ activities to address health disparities and inequities: Are we moving in the right direction? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(1):44. http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/13/1/44 Institute for Healthcare Improvement. (2017). Triple Aim for Populations. http://www.ihi.org/Topics/TripleAim/Pages/Overview.aspx Assessment 2 Instructions: Applying Research Skills Content • PRINT • Create a 3-5-page annotated bibliography and summary based on your research related to best practices addressing a current health care problem or issue of interest to you. Introduction In your professional life you will need to find credible evidence to support your decisions and your plans of action. You will want to keep abreast of best practices to help your organization adapt to the ever-changing health care environment. Being adept at research will help you find the information you need. For this assessment, you will select and research a current health care problem or issue faced by a health care organization. Demonstration of Proficiency By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria: • Competency 1: Apply information literacy and library research skills to obtain scholarly information in the field of health care. Identify academic peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to a health care problem or issue and describe the criteria used for the literature search. Competency 2: Apply scholarly information through critical thinking to solve problems in the field of health care. o Assess the credibility and relevance of information sources. o Summarize what was learned from developing an annotated bibliography. o Analyze academic peer-reviewed journal articles using the annotated bibliography organizational format. Competency 4: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and respectful of the diversity, dignity, and integrity of others, and that is consistent with expectations for health care professionals. o Summarize a health care problem or issue and describe a personal interest in it and experience with it. o Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics. o Write following APA style for in-text citations, quotes, and references. o • • Instructions Note: The requirements outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. At a minimum, be sure to address each point. In addition, you are encouraged to review the performance level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed. For this assessment, you will research best practices related to a current health care problem. Your selected problem or issue will be utilized again in Assessment 3. To explore your chosen topic, you should use the first two steps of the Socratic Problem-Solving Approach to aid your critical thinking. 4. View the Assessment Topic Areas | Transcript media piece and select one of the health care problems or issues in the media piece to research. Write a brief overview of the selected topic. In your overview: 0. Describe the health care problem or issue. 1. Describe your interest in the topic. 2. Describe any professional experience you have with this topic. 5. Conduct a search for scholarly or academic peerreviewed literature related to the topic and describe the criteria you used to search for articles, including the names of the databases you used. 0. You will want to access the applicable Undergraduate Library Research Guide related to your degree (found at the NHS Learner Success Lab) for tips to help you in your search. 1. Use keywords related to the health care problem or issue you are researching to select relevant articles. 6. Assess the credibility of the information sources you find. 0. Determine if the source is from an academic peer-reviewed journal. 1. Determine if the publication is current. 2. Determine if information in the academic peer-reviewed journal article is still relevant. 7. Select four current scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles published during the past three to five years that relate to your topic. 8. Explain the relevance of the information sources. 0. Describe how the health care problem or issue is addressed in each source. 1. Discuss what kind of contribution each source provides on your selected topic. 9. Analyze the scholarly literature or academic peerreviewed journal articles using the annotated bibliography organizational format. 0. The purpose of an annotated bibliography is to document a list of references along with key information about each one. The detail about the reference is the annotation. Developing this annotated bibliography will create a foundation of knowledge about the selected topic. 1. List the full reference for the source in APA format (author, date, title, publisher, et cetera) and use APA format for the annotated bibliography. 2. Make sure the references are listed in alphabetical order, are doublespaced, and use hanging indents. 3. Follow the reference with the annotation. 10. In your annotation: 0. Identify the purpose of the article. 1. Summarize the source: o What are the main arguments? o What topics are covered? 2. Include the conclusions and findings of the article. 3. Write your annotation in a paragraph form. The annotation should be approximately 150 words (1 to 3 paragraphs) in length. 11. In a separate paragraph or two at the end of the paper, summarize what you learned from your research. 0. List the main points you learned from your research. 1. Summarize the main contributions of the sources you chose and how they enhanced your knowledge about the topic. Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like: • Assessment 2 Example [PDF]. Additional Requirements 13. Length: At least 3–5 typed, double-spaced pages, not including the title page and reference page. 14. Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point. 15. APA Template: Use the APA template linked in the resources. Use the APA Style Paper Template [DOCX] as the paper format and the APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOCX] for guidance. 16. Written communication: Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics. 17. Content: Provide a title page and reference page following APA style. 18. References: Use at least four scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles. 19. APA format: Follow current APA guidelines for in-text citation of outside sources in the body of your paper and also on the reference page. Note: Review the Applying Research Skills Scoring Guide for the grading criteria applied to this assessment. If you would like assistance in organizing your assessment, or if you simply have a question about your assessment, please do not hesitate to ask faculty or the teaching assistants in the NHS Learner Success Lab for guidance and suggestions. Note: Your instructor may also use the Writing Feedback Tool to provide feedback on your writing. In the tool, click the linked resources for helpful writing information. • SCORING GUIDE Use the scoring guide to understand how your assessment will be evaluated. Assessment 2 Instructions: Applying Research Skills Content • PRINT • Create a 3-5-page annotated bibliography and summary based on your research related to best practices addressing a current health care problem or issue of interest to you. Introduction In your professional life you will need to find credible evidence to support your decisions and your plans of action. You will want to keep abreast of best practices to help your organization adapt to the ever-changing health care environment. Being adept at research will help you find the information you need. For this assessment, you will select and research a current health care problem or issue faced by a health care organization. Demonstration of Proficiency By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria: • Competency 1: Apply information literacy and library research skills to obtain scholarly information in the field of health care. o Identify academic peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to a health care problem or issue and describe • • the criteria used for the literature search. Competency 2: Apply scholarly information through critical thinking to solve problems in the field of health care. o Assess the credibility and relevance of information sources. o Summarize what was learned from developing an annotated bibliography. o Analyze academic peer-reviewed journal articles using the annotated bibliography organizational format. Competency 4: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and respectful of the diversity, dignity, and integrity of others, and that is consistent with expectations for health care professionals. o Summarize a health care problem or issue and describe a personal interest in it and experience with it. o Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics. o Write following APA style for in-text citations, quotes, and references. Instructions Note: The requirements outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. At a minimum, be sure to address each point. In addition, you are encouraged to review the performance level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed. For this assessment, you will research best practices related to a current health care problem. Your selected problem or issue will be utilized again in Assessment 3. To explore your chosen topic, you should use the first two steps of the Socratic Problem-Solving Approach to aid your critical thinking. 4. View the Assessment Topic Areas | Transcript media piece and select one of the health care problems or issues in the media piece to research. Write a brief overview of the selected topic. In your overview: 0. Describe the health care problem or issue. 1. Describe your interest in the topic. 2. Describe any professional experience you have with this topic. 5. Conduct a search for scholarly or academic peerreviewed literature related to the topic and describe the criteria you used to search for articles, including the names of the databases you used. 0. You will want to access the applicable Undergraduate Library Research Guide related to your degree (found at the NHS Learner Success Lab) for tips to help you in your search. 1. Use keywords related to the health care problem or issue you are researching to select relevant articles. 6. Assess the credibility of the information sources you find. 0. Determine if the source is from an academic peer-reviewed journal. 1. Determine if the publication is current. 2. Determine if information in the academic peer-reviewed journal article is still relevant. 7. Select four current scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles published during the past three to five years that relate to your topic. 8. Explain the relevance of the information sources. 0. Describe how the health care problem or issue is addressed in each source. 1. Discuss what kind of contribution each source provides on your selected topic. 9. Analyze the scholarly literature or academic peerreviewed journal articles using the annotated bibliography organizational format. 0. The purpose of an annotated bibliography is to document a list of references along with key information about each one. The detail about the reference is the annotation. Developing this annotated bibliography will create a foundation of knowledge about the selected topic. 1. List the full reference for the source in APA format (author, date, title, publisher, et cetera) and use APA format for the annotated bibliography. 2. Make sure the references are listed in alphabetical order, are doublespaced, and use hanging indents. 3. Follow the reference with the annotation. 10. In your annotation: 0. Identify the purpose of the article. 1. Summarize the source: o What are the main arguments? o What topics are covered? 2. Include the conclusions and findings of the article. 3. Write your annotation in a paragraph form. The annotation should be approximately 150 words (1 to 3 paragraphs) in length. 11. In a separate paragraph or two at the end of the paper, summarize what you learned from your research. 0. List the main points you learned from your research. 1. Summarize the main contributions of the sources you chose and how they enhanced your knowledge about the topic. Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like: • Assessment 2 Example [PDF]. Additional Requirements 13. Length: At least 3–5 typed, double-spaced pages, not including the title page and reference page. 14. Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point. 15. APA Template: Use the APA template linked in the resources. Use the APA Style Paper Template [DOCX] as the paper format and the APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOCX] for guidance. 16. Written communication: Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics. 17. Content: Provide a title page and reference page following APA style. 18. References: Use at least four scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles. 19. APA format: Follow current APA guidelines for in-text citation of outside sources in the body of your paper and also on the reference page. Note: Review the Applying Research Skills Scoring Guide for the grading criteria applied to this assessment. If you would like assistance in organizing your assessment, or if you simply have a question about your assessment, please do not hesitate to ask faculty or the teaching assistants in the NHS Learner Success Lab for guidance and suggestions. Note: Your instructor may also use the Writing Feedback Tool to provide feedback on your writing. In the tool, click the linked resources for helpful writing information.
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