Health Care assignments- 2

Name: print____________________________________ Sign: _______________________________ Assignment: Disease Transmission

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– Outbreak Help received: Draw an Epidemic Curve: A local health officer in a small community received reports from three physicians about patients who had diarrhea, abdominal cramps, vomiting, chills, and fever. From stool samples (feces) collected from several patients, a Salmonella species was isolated. A total of 119 patients were eventually identified in the community. The times of onset of the disease and numbers of ill persons were recorded as follows over a three-day period: January 7 Time # of ill January 8 Time # of ill persons January 9 Time # of ill persons persons 6-7 am 2 12-1 am 5 12-1 am 3 8-9 am 5 2-3 am 3 2-3 am 2 10-11 am 11 4-5 am 3 4-5 am 0 12-1 pm 18 6-7 am 3 6-7 am 1 2-3 pm 10 8-9 am 4 8-9 am 0 4-5 pm 7 10-11 am 6 10-11 am 1 6-7 pm 5 12-1 pm 8 12-1 pm 0 8-9 pm 4 2-3 pm 4 10-11 pm 4 4-5 pm 3 6-7 pm 3 8-9 pm 2 10-11 pm 2 a. 2-3 pm 0 Make a graph showing an epidemic curve with Time on the x-axis and # of ill persons on the y-axis (use Excel to make the graph, label all axes). DO NOT MAKE three curves (eg, don’t do the three dates separately). You should have ONE epidemic ‘curve’, not three. b. Your graph should show two peaks. If this graph represents a common source, single exposure outbreak, what do you think the second, smaller peak represents? The second peak represents how the number of ill persons reduces with time. c. Can the incubation period be determined from the data given? Why or why not? Yes it can be calculated since there is a range of time from time of infection and symptoms, it can roughly be estimated. Name: Assignment – Toxic Shock Syndrome Include questions with responses please. 1. Verifying that an outbreak is truly occurring is an early step of outbreak investigation. Investigators often rely on reviewing surveillance data to determine if the number of cases suspected of causing an outbreak is actually greater than expected. In the case of toxic shock syndrome there was no surveillance system at the time. How did the author attempt to perform this verifying step? 2. The mortality rate for toxic shock syndrome was only 3.2% in Wisconsin but elsewhere it was 25%. What may have accounted for such a large difference in these mortality rates? 3. There are many benefits of outbreak investigation. Make a list of the benefits of the performance of this particular outbreak investigation. 4. What important federal and voluntary measures were taken to decrease the risk of TSS in menstruating women? 5. What did the author of the chapter learn from his investigation of TSS? Include what the author learned about himself, as well as about this new disease.
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