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Topic 2 DQ 2

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Topic 2 DQ 2

Please write a paragraph with your opinion based on the text bellow. Please include citations and references in case you need to used for the question.

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Why does diversity among individuals, as well as cultures provides a challenge for nurses when it applies to health promotions?The lecture notes and other related resourced viewed over the past two weeks have provided me with a better insight into my learning styles. I could address my learning barriers and ways to optimize my learning outcome. I reflected on my cultural barriers in illness prevention-based education and health promotions. What could I do to enhance health promotions related to the health of the public? The American Nurses Association(ANA) could answer that question. The ANA exists to promote the health of the public and advance the nursing profession through the support of preventing programs(ANA2007). They promote the prevention of disease, illness, and disability in the community. They urge nurses to use strategies that encompass primary, secondary and tertiary levels of prevention. They believe that if those impacted by the health promotion strategies would likely have adhered to it if they were involved in its development(ANA2007).The health disparities among individuals and cultures would also impact teaching methodologies. The nurse would have to determine the willingness of the community to receive information being taught. The barriers would have to be identified regarding health promotion and disease prevention for providers to implement the most appropriate strategies.The national health problem of diabetes is on the rise that particularly affects Hispanics community in New Mexico. The problem and barriers have been identified. The structural violence that exists in this population needs to have well thought out strategies in the health promotion(Page-Reeves2013). The nurse will have to minimize the barriers and the first had to be eliminating the fear associated with receiving economic and health care assistance. The federal and state government has put in place resources to assist with healthier lifestyles. How does the nurse connect the community they serve to the resources available to them? The disease prevention can take place until the structural violence has been reduced. Once the community has the opportunity to the very basic needs met. the publichealth model for diabetes prevention and treatment has tended to continue to focus on gettingindividuals to change their behavior in terms of diet and levels of physical activity (DiabetesPrevention Program Research Group 2002). The nurse would need to concentrate their health promotions to address this for the entire family as this disease is a growing epidemic(Page-Reeves2013).

Page-Reeves, J., Niforatos, J., Mishra, S., Regino, L., Gingrich, A., & Bulten, J. (2013). Health disparity and structural violence: How fear undermines health among immigrants at risk for diabetes. Journal of health disparities research & practice, 6(2), 30-47.
American Diabetes Association. 2008. “Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2007.”Diabetes Care,31:596-615. http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/11/ImmigrantAccess/index.shtml.

Topic 2 DQ 2

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Topic 2 DQ 2

Please write a paragraph with your opinion based on the text bellow. Please include citations and references in case you need to used for the question.

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Nurses today faces many challenges everyday educating and caring for patient in more diverse culture, belief, intellectual level, and language barrier (ANA Periodicals 2009). Each nurse has own uniqueness and style of teaching. When nurses educating a more diverse patient population with different cultures, belief, language barrier, and intellectual level, it is important to use different style of teaching and methodologies (ANA Periodicals 2009). The Vark analysis questionnaire and teaching approach has provided different information on how to properly educate people base on their learning capabilities and style. This information is useful when educating a culturally diverse patient’s. For example, in Asian culture, the use of herbal medicine, acupuncture, acupressure, and religious belief is part of medicinal treatment of illness or disease such as sciatica and back problem or simple acid reflux. Sciatica and back pain, acupuncture and acupressure are using to relieve pain and discomfort. Alkaline fruits and vegetables and herbs use to treat minor or simple acid reflux. In religious belief, prayer and wearing symbols of saints or cross become part of belief in healing illnesses or disease. It is important for the nurses not to be judgmental and avoid stereotyping, instead, be open minded and let the patient’s belief and culture be part of healing process. If nurses come across with difficulties, professional nurses can find a way of approaching or tackling the issue by using appropriate methodologies base on their(patient) belief and culture ( ANA Periodicals 2009). By doing this approach may result in positive outcome.

Finally, nurses must put aside their own belief and culture too when educating, and always remember that each patient is unique and has different style and absorbing information.

Reference:

ANA Periodicals (2009) Cultural and Linguistic Barriers OJIN Vol 14 No3 September09. http://www.nursingworld.org.

Edelman, Carol; Kudzman, Elizabeth; Mandle, Carol. Cultural Conceptual Health Promotion throughout the Life Span, 8 th edition. BOX 1-2 Diversity Awareness: Influence of Personal Cultural Values in Health Care Delivery. Chapter 1 pg7.

Topic 2 DQ 2

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Topic 2 DQ 2

Please write a paragraph with your opinion based on the text bellow. Please include citations and references in case you need to used for the question.

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Safety and health are essential to all children. According to the textbook, Physical Examination and Health Assessment, the following are all normal findings in school-aged children: Gross motor skills (runs, jumps, climbs, rides bicycle, general coordination), fine motor skills (ties shoelace, uses scissors, writes name and numbers, draws pictures), and language skills (vocabulary, verbal ability, able to tell time, reading level). However, there are environmental factors the predispose school-aged children to illness, injury, and death, especially when linked to poverty. Children from poor families or neighborhoods are more likely than other children to have serious health problems.

According to 2014 Census data, an estimated 21.1% of all US children younger than 18 years (15.5 million) lived in households designated as “poor” (Pediatrics). Poverty can lead to adverse health outcomes in childhood affecting physical health, socioemotional development, and educational achievement. Examples of this include language development, chronic illness, environmental exposure, nutrition, and injury. Here are correlations between environmental and health issues in the school-aged child:

1. Poor children are less likely to participate in organized activities and often do not have enough supplies or books at home. This affects both the socioemotional development and educational level of the school-aged child.

2. Being poor is stressful. It causes damage to the brain and to a child’s overall physical and mental health into adulthood (Healthychildren.org).

3. Unsafe homes that may causes injuries from cracked flooring and stairs, improper sanitation, exposure to heat because of no air conditioning, and lead poison from outdated paint on walls.

4. Falls from improper community playgrounds because the community is unable to pay for the costs to repair unsafe equipment.

5. Injuries to the child’s head from bicycle injuries where parents are unable to pay for helmets.

6. Nutrition deficits because parents are unable to buy adequate food with nutritious benefits.

7. Gun violence and deaths that are so prevalent in poor communities. School-aged children are injured or killed from accidental gunshots by the child or instances where the child is shot in the crossfire of gang shootings. According to Gun Violence Achieve, there have been 7,876 child deaths in 2018 so far.

Some ways to help school-aged children at risk for injuries and illness include:

1. Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is a program that provides community families with nutrition education and growth monitoring.

2. The National School Lunch Program is a federally funded program that provides low-cost and free breakfasts, lunches, and, on a limited basis, summer food to school-aged children (Pediatrics). These meals are produced by Dietary Guidelines of American and can help the nutritious value in children that otherwise can’t afford adequate food.

3. Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP). This came from the Affordable Care Act and now allows children access to medical attention to help children with injuries or medical conditions they were able to get in past years.

By bringing an awareness and understanding of the effects of poverty on children, pediatricians and other healthcare partners can help family members of the community assess links to resources and coordinate care with community partners.

References

Gun Violence Achieve (2018). Retrieved from: http://www.gunviolencearchive.org/

Healthy Children. Poverty and Child Health. Retrieved from:

https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/Community/Pages/Poverty-and-Child-Health.aspx

Topic 2 DQ 2

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Topic 2 DQ 2

Please write a paragraph with your opinion based on the text bellow. Please include citations and references in case you need to used for the question.

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The factors that may cause injury, illness and death in school aged children are drowning, guns, and car or bicycle accidents. Using proper safety techniques can prevent these injuries and deaths. The family, community, and the children should be educated on the safety precautionary measures to avoid fatal consequences.

Water safety: Drowning is the second most cause of trauma in children in United States.

Never leave young children alone around bathtubs, pools, or natural bodies of water.
Teach children to swim when they are old enough, usually around age 5 and never let children swim without an adult watching, even if the child knows how to swim.
All kids should use a life jacket when on a boat, fishing, or playing in a river or stream.
Pedestrian skill training: For kids under 10 years old, most accidents occur in marked crosswalks during the day, in the after school hours.

Do not let kids younger than 10 years old cross busy intersections alone.
Teach younger children to stop at the curb and wait for an adult before crossing the street.
Do not let kids play in driveways, alleyways or near streets.
Older kids learn to cautiously cross quiet streets on their own.
Seatbelt and Booster seats: Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause for death in school-aged children in United States. Proper restraints can reduce the risk of death and serious injury by 60 to 70 percent.

Kids 4 to 8 years old, 40 to 80 lbs, and less than 4 feet 9 inches tall should be in a booster seat.
The shoulder belt should always be worn together with the lap belt, crossing the chest, shoulder, and collarbone to prevent abdominal and spinal injuries.
Children younger than 13 years old should not sit in the front seat.
Never leave the kids alone in the car without adult supervision. It can cause injury and death by heat and suffocation (Hall, 2011).
Bicycle helmets: Bicycle injuries result in approximately 200 deaths each year in children and use of bicycle helmets can reduce the risk of head and brain injury by 85 to 90 percent.

Everyone should wear a helmet whenever riding a bicycle.
Make sure the helmet does not move around on the head or slide over the eyes.
Gun safety: More than 40 percent of US homes with children have guns. Having a gun in the house increases the risk of homicide by three times, and the risk of suicide by five times.

Keep all guns out of the home.
Talk to your child about the danger of guns and tell them to stay away from them.
If there are guns in the home, make sure they are always kept locked and unloaded, with ammunition locked
separately and keys hidden away (Hall, 2011).
General safety:

Teach the kids fire safety and teach them to dial 911.
Teach stranger awareness, including that a stranger is someone that they do not know, to never get into a car with a stranger and never take anything from a stranger.
Keep the medications outside the reach of children or lock up in a cabinet.
Maintain smoke free environments for your children.
Teach playground safety, including not playing on trampolines (Keep Your Kids Safe, 2001).
As health care providers, we can educate the children, parents and community about the importance of safety and accidents that occurs in children. This teaching can be done in schools, hospitals and doctor’s offices with the help of personnel’s from fire and safety department and police.

References

Hall. D.A. (2011, April). Safety and Your School-Aged Child. Retrieved from.http://www.pacificmedicalcenters.org/index.php/physician-
articles/safety-and-your-school-aged-child/

Keep Your Kids Safe. (2001, November 15). Retrieved from http://www.keepkidshealthy.com/schoolage/schoolagesafety.html

Topic 2 DQ 2

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Topic 2 DQ 2

Please Respond to the following post with a paragraph, add citations and references.

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In order to perform a study and gain statistical data, we need to start with a target population and then get a sample of that target population. An example of a sample would be to take a survey of 5,000 mothers with children under the age of one year old in Marion county. This would be a sample of all mothers in Marion county. In order to get the most accurate data from the study there are several types of sampling techniques used. There is cluster sampling, random sampling, stratified random sampling, convenience sampling and systematic sampling (“The visual learner,” n.d.).

Cluster sampling refers to the researcher separating the group into smaller groups called clusters. Then a simple random selection of clusters is picked from the population. Then the researcher can conduct his analysis of data from the sampled clusters. The most common form of cluster sampling used is a geographical cluster. An example of this is if a researcher wants to study the academic performance of high school students in China. The researcher can divide the entire population of China into individual clusters such as cities. Then the researcher can select a number of clusters depending on the research done through simple or systematic random sampling. Then, from the randomly selected cities the researcher can either include all the high school students as subjects or he can select a number of subjects from each cluster through simple or systematic random sampling.

Random sampling is where every member of the study population has an equal opportunity to be chosen to be in a study. Random sampling involves identifying each person in a target population and then randomly selecting a sample from that population. This allows every person of the study population to be represented without showing bias and minimizes errors. An example of this is when a there are 30 employees names drawn out of a hat from a company of 3,000 employees. Each person has equal opportunity to be drawn out of the hat.

Stratified random sampling is the division of a population into smaller groups known as strata. In stratified random sampling, or stratification, the strata are formed based on members’ shared attributes or characteristics. When running analysis or research on a group of individuals with similar characteristics, a researcher may find that the population size is too large to run a research on. To save time and money, an analyst may take on a more feasible approach by selecting a small group from the population. The small group used is referred to as a sample size, which is a subset of the population that is used to represent the population. There are a number of ways a sample may be selected from a population, one of which is the stratified random sampling method. An example is when an academic researcher would like to know the number of BSN students that got a job within three months of graduation in 2014-2015. It is noted that there were almost 216,000 BSN graduates for the year. It might be better to just take a simple random sample of 50,000 grads and run a survey or divide the population into strata and take a random sample from the strata. To do this, the researcher could create population groups based on gender, age range, race, country of nationality, and career background. A random sample would then be taken from each stratum in a number proportional to the stratum’s size when compared to the population. These subsets of the strata are then pooled to form a random sample.

A convenience sample is a group that is made up of individuals or elements that are easy to reach or obtain (Rumsey, 2010, p. 139). This is also referred to as a grab sample because we grab individuals from the population for our sample. An example of this is when a poll is being taken at a local mall or market. This type of sample is very easy to obtain but the lack of effort for the samples and the sample itself is ultimately worthless for believable statistical purposes.

Finally, there is systematic sampling is a type of probability sampling method where sample members from a larger population are selected according to a random starting point and a fixed, periodic sampling interval. This interval is calculated by dividing the population size by the desired sample size. Systematic sampling is still thought of as being random if the periodic interval is determined beforehand and the starting point is random. An example of this is if you want to sample 8 houses from a street of 120 houses. Then every 15th house is chosen after a random starting point between 1 and 15. If the random starting point is 11, then the houses selected are 11, 26, 41, 56, 71, 86, 101, and 116. But then if every 15th house was a “corner house” then this corner pattern could destroy the randomness of the sample.

References

Rumsey, D. J. (2010). Statistic essentials for dummies (1st ed.). Retrieved on October 2, 2018 from Http://dummies.com/education/math/statistics

The Visual Learner. (n.d.). Statistic Terms. Retrieved October 2, 2018, from https://lc.gcumedia.com/hlt362v/the-visual-learner…

Topic 2 DQ 2

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Topic 2 DQ 2

Please Respond to the following post with a paragraph, add citations and references.

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The “Visual Learner: Statistics” discussed cluster sampling, convenience sampling, simple random sampling, stratified sampling, and systematic sampling.

Cluster sampling is about dividing the population into groups/clusters. Then from there researchers chose clusters. Everyone from the chosen cluster will be able to participate in the study. For example, a researcher wants to do a study with students. The researcher can split students according to class. For instance, history class, English class, mathematics class, and science class. From there the researcher chose one or more class. Everyone from the chosen class will be in the study.

Convenience sampling is including participants who happen to be available at the time. Example 1 – You are in a hurry and you have to do a study about commuters’ lives, so you go to the subway and ask people to participate in your study. Whoever is available would participate in your study. Maybe you are interviewing a tourist or who is not a commuter but you do it anyways because it is convenient. Example 2 – You are doing a study about shopper in New York. You go to the first few stores near your house and interview people who are willing to be part of your study.

Simple random sampling is completely random at choosing individuals from the population. It gives everyone in the population a chance of being selected for the study. Researchers can use a random number generator, lottery, or picking out of a hat for this technique. Example – you need 30 people from a group. In that group there are 50 people. So one thing you can do is write everyone’s name down in a hat and pick 30 names from the hat.

Stratified sampling is splitting individuals into mutually exclusive groups and then using the random sampling method to choose individuals from that group. For example, there are 75 students in a class. 40 females and 35 males. You only need 20 students for your study. So you separately put all the female students’ names in a hat and choose 10 names. Then write down all the male students’ names and put it in a hat and choose 10 names.

Systematic sampling is about choosing people from a random starting point with a fixed and periodic interval. An example would be giving people a number. Then the researcher or someone else chose a number. For instance, if the chosen number is 4 then every person with the fourth number is chosen. So, people who got number 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, etc. are chosen.

Reference:

Explorable.com (2009). Cluster Sampling. Retrieved October 03, 2018 from Explorable.com: https://explorable.com/cluster-sampling

Explorable.com (2009). Convenience Sampling. Retrieved October 03, 2018 from Explorable.com: https://explorable.com/convenience-sampling

Explorable.com (2009). Systematic Sampling. Retrieved October 03, 2018 from Explorable.com: https://explorable.com/systematic-sampling

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Topic 2 DQ 2

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Topic 2 DQ 2

Knowing there are three: phenomenological, grounded theory, and ethnographic research, which one of these qual types would you choose for your PICOT question? And why?
Please answer with a minimum of 3 sentences for this.

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Topic 2 DQ 2

Please respond with a paragraph to the following post, add citations and references.

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Although grounded theory and phenomenology are different they both have common approaches to qualitative research when used by nurses. They are common because both methods look at real life situations. Phenomenologist collect data from induvial and describe their experiences. The grounded theorists use many sources to compare and analysis data. Neither grounded or phenomenologist will suit all studies. Both seek to explore real life situations, require extensive interaction between the researcher and the individual or groups. They collect data and analyze what they get from individuals and groups, they don’t take their findings based on preconceived ideas. Its difficulty to distinguish between the two because they have so much in common, however they are different and it’s important to know the difference. Phenomenology, emerged from philosophy and it aims to describe and explore experiences. This can only be done by collecting induvial data from personal experiences. Grounded theory developed in sociology and is described as qualitative methodological approach. It aims to describe and explain the phenomenon under study. Grounded collect all data sources that might aid with a theory development. Interviews are done but they also use images, observations, diaries, past literature and research. Both seek to understand people’s lives; one approach is neither right or wrong.

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